Live Feed

Feed to the latest filings at the SEC

 

YOSHIHARU GLOBAL CO.

Date Filed : Jan 25, 2022

S-11forms-1.htm

 

Asfiled with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 25, 2022.

 

RegistrationNo.            

 

 

 

UNITEDSTATES

SECURITIESAND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington,D.C. 20549

 

FORMS-1

REGISTRATIONSTATEMENT

UNDER

THESECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

YOSHIHARUGLOBAL CO.

(Exactname of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   5812   87-3941448

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

 

6940Beach Blvd. Suite D-705,

BuenaPark, CA 90621

(213)272-1780

(Address,including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

JamesChae

ChiefExecutive Officer

6940Beach Blvd. Suite D-705,

BuenaPark, CA 90621

(213)272-1780

(Name,address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

Copiesof all communications, including communications sent to agent for service, should be sent to:

 

Matthew Ogurick

Darina Koleva

Sarah Stewart

K&L Gates LLP

599 Lexington Avenue

New York, New York 10022

(212) 536-3901

 

Nimish Patel

Blake Baron

Mitchell Silberberg & Knupp LLP

2049 Century Park East, 18th Floor
Los Angeles, California 90067

(310) 312-3102

 

Approximatedate of commencement of proposed sale to the public:

 

Assoon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement

 

Ifany of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under theSecurities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) check the following box. ☒

 

Ifthis form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the followingbox and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.☐

 

Ifthis form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list theSecurities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

Ifthis form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list theSecurities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

Indicateby check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reportingcompany or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,”“smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

  

Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer
       
Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company
       
    Emerging growth company

 

Ifan emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complyingwith any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☒

 

CALCULATIONOF REGISTRATION FEE

 

TITLE OF EACH CLASS OF

SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED

 

PROPOSED

MAXIMUM

AGGREGATE

OFFERING PRICE(1)

   AMOUNT OF REGISTRATION FEE 
Units consisting of one share of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and a warrant to purchase one share of Class A common stock(2)(3)  $

23,000,000.00

   $

2,132.10

 
Class A common stock included as part of the units(4)(6)   -    - 
Warrants included as part of the units(4)   -    - 
Class A common stock underlying the warrants included in the units(6)  $

28,750,000.00

   $

2,665.13

 
Representative’s warrants(5)   -    - 
Class A common stock underlying the Representative’s warrants(5)(6)  $ 

1,437,500.00

   $

133.26

 
Total  $

53,187,500.00

   $

4,930.49

 

 

(1) There is no current market for the securities or price at which the shares are being offered. Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
   
(2) Each unit consists of one share of Class A common stock and a warrant to purchase one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price per share equal to 125% of the unit offering price.
   
(3) Includes shares of Class A common stock and/or warrants to purchase shares of Class A common stock that may be purchased by the underwriters pursuant to their over-allotment option.
   
(4) Included in the price of the units. No separate registration fee required pursuant to Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
   
(5) We have agreed to issue to the representative of the several underwriters warrants to purchase the number of shares of Class A common stock in the aggregate equal to five percent (5%) of the shares of Class A common stock to be issued and sold in this offering (including any shares of Class A common stock sold upon exercise of the over-allotment option). The warrants are exercisable for a price per share equal to 125% of the public offering price. The warrants are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, during the four-and-a-half-year period commencing six (6) months from the date of commencement of sales of the offering. This registration statement also covers such shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the representative’s warrants. As estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act, the proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the representative’s warrants is $1,437,500.00, which is equal to 125% of $1,150,000.00 (5% of $23,000,000.00). “Underwriting” contains additional information regarding underwriter compensation.
   
(6) Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, there is also being registered hereby such indeterminate number of additional shares as may be issued or issuable because of stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions.

 

Theregistrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until theregistrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effectivein accordance with section 8(a) of the Securities Act, or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as theSecurities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to such section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

 
 

 

Theinformation in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registrationstatement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor doesit seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Preliminary Prospectus   Subject to Completion, dated January 25, 2022

 

4,000,000UNITS

 

EachUnit Consisting of One Share of Class A Common Stock and One Warrant to Purchase One Share of Class A Common Stock

 

Thisis our initial public offering. We are offering 4,000,000 units, each unit consisting of one share of Class A common stock, parvalue $0.0001 per share, and one warrant to purchase one share of Class A common stock, assuming an initial public offering price of$4.50 per unit (which is the midpoint of the estimated range of the initial public offering price shown on the cover page of thisprospectus). We currently estimate that the initial public offering price will be between $4.00 and $5.00 per unit. Each wholeshare exercisable pursuant to the warrants will have an exercise price per share of $5.625, equal to 125% of the initialpublic offering price, assuming an initial public offering price of $4.50 per unit. The warrants will be immediately exercisableand will expire on the fifth anniversary of the original issuance date. The units will not be certificated. The shares of Class A commonstock and related warrants are immediately separable and will be issued separately, but must be purchased together as a unit in thisoffering.

 

Currently,there is no public market for our common stock or warrants. We have applied to list our Class A common stock under the symbol “YOSH”and our warrants under the symbol “YOSHW,” both on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The closing of this offering is contingentupon the successful listing of our Class A common stock and warrants on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

 

Followingthis offering, we will have two classes of outstanding common stock, Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Holders of our ClassA common stock are entitled to one vote per share while holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to 10 votes per share, and allsuch holders will vote together as a single class except as otherwise required by applicable law. Each share of Class B common stockis convertible into one share of Class A common stock at the option of the holder, upon transfer or in certain specified circumstances.The beneficial owner of 100% of our Class B common stock is James Chae, our Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board and founder.Upon completion of this offering, we will be controlled by Mr. Chae, who will hold approximately 74.4% of the combined votingpower of our outstanding Class A common stock and Class B common stock, and will have the ability to determine all matters requiringapproval by stockholders.

 

Weare an emerging growth company as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”),and as such, we have elected to take advantage of certain reduced public company reporting requirements for this prospectus and futurefilings. In addition, following this offering, we will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governancerules of the Nasdaq Stock Market. Under these rules, a listed company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual,group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements,including the requirement that (i) a majority of our board of directors consist of independent directors, (ii) director nominees be selectedor recommended to the board by independent directors or an independent nominating committee, and (iii) we have a compensation committeethat is composed entirely of independent directors. We have nevertheless elected to comply with the requirement that a majority of ourboard consists of independent directors and that our compensation committee be composed entirely of independent directors.

 

Investingin our Class A common stock and warrants involves a high degree of risk. See Risk Factors beginning on page 12 of this prospectus.

 

   Per Unit   Total 
         
Initial public offering price  $   $ 
           
Underwriting discounts and commissions(1)  $    $

 
           
Proceeds, before expenses, to Yoshiharu Global Co.  $

   $

 

 

(1) Doesnot include the following additional compensation payable to the underwriters: We have agreed to pay the representative of the underwriters,EF Hutton, division of Benchmark Investments, LLC, which we refer to as EF Hutton or the representative, a non-accountable expense allowanceequal to one percent (1.0%) of the total proceeds raised and to reimburse the underwriters for certain expenses incurred relating tothis offering. In addition, we have agreed to issue to the representative warrants to purchase the number of shares of Class A commonstock in the aggregate equal to five percent (5%) of the shares of Class A common stock to be issued and sold in this offering (includingany shares of Class A common stock sold upon exercise of the over-allotment option). The warrants are exercisable for a price per shareequal to 125% of the public offering price. The warrants are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part,during the four-and-a-half-year period commencing six (6) months from the date of commencement of sales of the offering. The registrationstatement of which this prospectus forms a part also registers the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the representative’swarrants. “Underwriting” contains additional information regarding underwriter compensation.

 

Neitherthe Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passedon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Wehave granted the underwriters the option for a period of 45 days to purchase up to 600,000 additional shares of Class A commonstock and/or up to 600,000 additional warrants (equal to 15% of the shares of Class A common stock and warrants underlying theunits sold in the offering) in any combination thereof, at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions,solely to cover over-allotments, if any.

 

Theunderwriters expect to deliver the units against payment on or about              ,2022.

 

EFHUTTON

divisionof Benchmark Investments, LLC

 

Thedate of this prospectus is          , 2022

 

 
 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 
 

 

TABLEOF CONTENTS

 

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY 1
RISK FACTORS 12
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 33
USE OF PROCEEDS 35
DIVIDEND POLICY 36
CAPITALIZATION 37
DILUTION 38
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 39
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 42
BUSINESS 60
MANAGEMENT 76
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 82
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS 85
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 86
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES 87
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE 92
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS 94
UNDERWRITING 102
LEGAL MATTERS 105
EXPERTS 105
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION 105
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS F-1

 

Youshould rely only on the information contained in this prospectus and any free writing prospectus we may authorize to be delivered ormade available to you. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized anyone to provide you with additional or different informationfrom that contained in this prospectus and any free writing prospectus we have authorized. We and the underwriters take no responsibilityfor, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We are offering to sell,and seeking offers to buy, shares of Class A common stock and warrants only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. Theinformation in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectusor of any sale of the units. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

 

Thisprospectus contains forward-looking statements that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond ourcontrol. “Risk Factors” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” contain additional informationregarding these risks.

 

Forinvestors outside the United States: We have not, and the underwriters have not, done anything that would permit this offering, or possessionor distribution of this prospectus, in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Personsoutside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relatingto, the offering of the units and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States. See “Underwriting.”

 

 
 

  

DEALERPROSPECTUS DELIVERY OBLIGATION

 

Throughand including        , 2022 (the 25th day after the date of the prospectus), all dealers that effecttransactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is inaddition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to their unsold allotmentsor subscriptions.

 

MARKETAND INDUSTRY DATA

 

Unlessotherwise indicated, information contained in this prospectus concerning our industry and the markets in which we operate is based oninformation from independent industry and research organizations, other third-party sources (including industry publications, surveysand forecasts), and management estimates. Management estimates are derived from publicly available information released by independentindustry analysts and third-party sources, as well data from internal research, and are based on assumptions made by us upon reviewingsuch data and our knowledge of such industry and markets which we believe to be reasonable. Although we believe the data from these third-partysources are reliable as of their respective dates, neither we nor the underwriters have independently verified the accuracy or completenessof this information. In addition, projections, assumptions and estimates of the future performance of the industry in which we operateand our future performance are necessarily subject to uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in“Risk Factors” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” These and other factors could cause resultsto differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by the independent parties and by us.

 

TRADEMARKS,SERVICE MARKS AND TRADE NAMES

 

Weown or have rights to various trademarks, service marks and trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business.This prospectus may also contain trademarks, service marks and trade names of third parties, which are the property of their respectiveowners. Our use or display of third parties’ trademarks, service marks, trade names or food products in this prospectus is notintended to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship by, these other parties. Solely for convenience, the trademarks,service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ®, TM or SM symbols, but such references arenot intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights ofthe applicable licensor to these trademarks, service marks and trade names.

 

BASISOF PRESENTATION

 

Certainmonetary amounts, percentages and other figures included in this prospectus have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figuresshown as totals in certain tables may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them, and figures expressed as percentagesin the text may not total 100% or, as applicable, when aggregated may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the percentages that precedethem.

 

Inthis prospectus, “Yoshiharu Global Co.,” “Yoshiharu Global” “Yoshiharu,” “we,” “us,”“our,” “our company” and the “Company” refer to Yoshiharu Global Co., together with its wholly ownedsubsidiaries Yoshiharu Holdings Co., or Yoshiharu Holdings, Yoshiharu Asset Co. (as defined below) and Yoshiharu Franchise Co. (as definedbelow) unless expressly indicated or the context otherwise requires. “Yoshiharu Holdings,” refers to Yoshiharu Holdings Co.,a California corporation, our wholly owned subsidiary holding company, which directly owns all of our current stores. “YoshiharuAsset” refers to Yoshiharu Asset Co., a California corporation, our wholly owned subsidiary, which owns all our intellectual propertyassets. “Yoshiharu Franchise” refers to Yoshiharu Franchise Co., a California corporation, our wholly owned subsidiary, whichwill hold the master franchisor license.

 

i 
 

 

Wesometimes refer to our Class A common stock as “common stock,” unless the context otherwise requires. We sometimes referto our Class A common stock and Class B common stock as “equity interests” when described on an aggregate basis. On all mattersto be voted on by stockholders, holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share while holders of our Class B commonstock are entitled to 10 votes per share. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible into one share of Class A common stock atthe option of the holder, upon transfer or in certain specified circumstances. With the exception of voting rights and conversion rights,holders of Class A and Class B common stock will have identical rights. The terms “dollar” or “$” refer to U.S.dollars, the lawful currency of the United States.

 

TheCompany’s fiscal year end is December 31. Our financial statements are prepared in U.S. dollars and in accordance with accountingprinciples generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).

 

NON-GAAPFINANCIAL MEASURES

 

Certainfinancial measures presented in this prospectus, such as EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-levelContribution margin are not recognized under GAAP. We define these terms as follows:

 

  “EBITDA” is defined as net income before interest, income taxes and depreciation and amortization.
     
  “Adjusted EBITDA” is defined as EBITDA plus stock-based compensation expense, non-cash rent expense and asset disposals, closure costs and restaurant impairments.
     
  “Restaurant-level Contribution” is defined as operating income plus depreciation and amortization and general and administrative expenses. “Restaurant-level Contribution margin” is defined as Restaurant-level Contribution divided by sales.

 

EBITDA,Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin are intended as supplemental measures of ourperformance that are neither required by, nor presented in accordance with, GAAP. We are presenting EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-levelContribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin because we believe that they provide useful information to management and investorsregarding certain financial and business trends relating to our financial condition and operating results. Additionally, we present Restaurant-levelContribution because it excludes the impact of general and administrative expenses which are not incurred at the restaurant-level. Wealso use Restaurant-level Contribution to measure operating performance and returns from opening new restaurants.

 

Webelieve that the use of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin provides an additionaltool for investors to use in evaluating ongoing operating results and trends and in comparing the Company’s financial measureswith those of comparable companies, which may present similar non-GAAP financial measures to investors. However, you should be awarethat Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin are financial measures which are not indicative of overallresults for the Company, and Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin do not accrue directly to the benefitof stockholders because of corporate-level expenses excluded from such measures. In addition, you should be aware when evaluating EBITDA,Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin that in the future we may incur expenses similarto those excluded when calculating these measures. Our presentation of these measures should not be construed as an inference that ourfuture results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Our computation of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contributionand Restaurant-level Contribution margin may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies, becauseall companies may not calculate EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin in thesame fashion.

 

Becauseof these limitations, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin should not be consideredin isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by relyingprimarily on our GAAP results and using EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution marginon a supplemental basis. For a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of net restaurantoperating income (loss) to Restaurant-level Contribution, see “Summary Historical Financial and Operating Data.”

 

ii 
 

 

ADDITIONALFINANCIAL MEASURES AND OTHER DATA

 

“AverageUnit Volumes” or “AUVs” consist of the average annual sales of all restaurants that have been open for 3 months orlonger at the end of the fiscal year presented. AUVs are calculated by dividing (x) annual sales for the fiscal year presented for allsuch restaurants by (y) the total number of restaurants in that base. We make fractional adjustments to sales for restaurants that werenot open for the entire fiscal year presented (e.g., a restaurant is closed for renovation) to annualize sales for such period of time.This measurement allows management to assess changes in consumer spending patterns at our restaurants and the overall performance ofour restaurant base. Since AUVs are calculated based on annual sales for the fiscal year presented, they are not presented in this prospectuson an interim basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2021.

 

“Comparablerestaurant sales growth” refers to the change in year-over-year sales for the comparable restaurant base. We include restaurantsin the comparable restaurant base that have been in operation for at least 3 months prior to the start of the accounting period presented.Growth in comparable restaurant sales represents the percent change in sales from the same period in the prior year for the comparablerestaurant base. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020, there were 4 and 5 restaurants, respectively, inour comparable restaurant base. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2021, there were 5 and 6 restaurants,respectively, in our comparable restaurant base. This measure highlights performance of these mature restaurants, as the impact of newrestaurant openings is excluded. The small number of restaurants in our comparable restaurant base may cause this measure to fluctuateand be unpredictable.

 

“Numberof restaurant openings” reflects the number of restaurants opened during a particular reporting period. Before we open new restaurants,we incur pre-opening costs. New restaurants may not be profitable, and their sales performance may not follow historical patterns. Thenumber and timing of restaurant openings has had, and is expected to continue to have, an impact on our results of operations.

 

“Averagecheck” is defined as (x) sales, divided by (y) restaurant guest count for a given period of time. This is an indicator which managementuses to analyze the dollars spent per guest in our restaurants and aids management in identifying trends in guest preferences and theeffectiveness of menu changes and price increases.

 

iii 
 

 

PROSPECTUSSUMMARY

 

Thissummary highlights certain information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed informationand financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the informationyou should consider before investing in our securities. You should read this entire prospectus carefully, especially the matters setforth under the “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results ofOperations” sections of this prospectus and our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus,before making an investment decision. All figures are in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise stated.

 

Overviewof Yoshiharu

 

Yoshiharuis a fast-growing Japanese restaurant operator and was borne out the idea of introducing the modernized Japanese dining experience tocustomers all over the world. Specializing in authentic Japanese ramen, Yoshiharu gained recognition as a leading ramen restaurant inSouthern California within six months of our 2016 debut and has continued to expand our top-notch restaurant service across SouthernCalifornia, currently owning and operating 6 restaurant stores with an additional 3 in development and 8 expected to openin 2022.

 

Wetake pride in our warm, hearty, smooth, and rich bone broth, which is slowly boiled for over 12 hours. Customers can taste and experiencesupreme quality and deep flavors. Combining the broth with the fresh, savory, and highest-quality ingredients, Yoshiharu serves the perfect,ideal ramen, as well as offers customers a wide variety of sushi, bento menu and other favorite Japanese cuisine. Our acclaimed signatureTonkotsu Black Ramen has become a customer favorite with its slow cooked pork bone broth and freshly made, tender chashu (braised porkbelly).

 

Ourmission is to bring ramen and Japanese cuisine to the mainstream, by providing a meal that customers find comforting. Since the inceptionof the business, we have been making our own ramen broth and other key ingredients such as pork chashu and flavored eggs from scratch,whereby upholding the quality and taste of our foods, including the signature texture and deep, rich flavor of our handcrafted broth.Moreover, we believe that slowly cooking the bone broth makes it high in collagen and rich in nutrients. Yoshiharu also strives to presentfood that is not only healthy, but also affordable. We feed, entertain and delight our customers, with our active kitchens and bustlingdining rooms providing happy hours, student and senior discounts, and special holiday events. As a result of our vision, customers cancomfortably enjoy our food in a friendly and welcoming atmosphere.

 

Oursuccess has resulted in strong financial results as illustrated by the following:

 

  Revenue grew from $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, to $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
     
  We continue to accelerate the pace of new “corporate-owned” (i.e., directly owned by us) restaurant openings and expect to operate over 14 corporate-owned locations by year end 2022.
     
 

We operate in a large and rapidly growing market. We believe the consumer appetite for Asian cuisine is widespread across many demographics and have an opportunity to expand in both existing and new U.S. markets, as well as internationally. In 2022, we expect to open 8 new corporate-owned restaurants by utilizing approximately 25% of the net proceeds of this offering. Based on our experience and our internal analysis, we believe that over the long-term we have the potential to grow our current domestic corporate-owned restaurants and international footprint to at least 250 restaurants domestically and at least 750 restaurants internationally by opening corporate-owned restaurants in new and existing markets. The rate of future restaurant growth in any particular period is inherently uncertain and is subject to numerous factors that are outside of our control. As a result, we do not currently have an anticipated timeframe for such expansion.

     
  Yoshiharu is in the process of registering its franchise program (which it expects to be complete by the end of 2022), and once that is complete, we plan on providing franchisee opportunities to open both domestically and internationally. In the U.S., we believe there is a potential to open 20 stores per year by franchisees. Globally, we are also exploring the idea of granting country-wide exclusivity to franchisees, which we believe will help expand our global footprint considerably. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not have a franchise program.
     
  Average sales per guest is moderate and increasing. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the average sales per guest in our stores was $13.51, which grew 15.4% to $15.59 during the year ended December 31, 2020. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, average sales per guest in our restaurants was $15.74. The Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has a significant accumulated deficit. During the audited years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020, and the nine month period ended September 30, 2021, the Company had net loss of $134,125, $450,128 and $42,968, respectively. In addition, the Company continues to experience negative cash flow from operations and has a significant accumulated deficit, which was $2,586,790 at September 30, 2021. These factors raise a substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, and our independent registered public accounting firm has included a going concern uncertainty explanatory paragraph in their report dated December 15, 2021.
     
  Our flexible physical footprint, which has allowed us to open restaurants in size ranging from 1,500 to 2,500 square feet, allows us to open in-line and end-cap restaurant formats at strip malls and shopping centers and penetrate markets in both suburban and urban areas.

 

1

 

 

OurStrengths

 

ExperiencedManagement Team Dedicated to Growth.

 

Ourteam is led by experienced and passionate senior management who are committed to our mission. We are led by our Chief Executive Officer,James Chae. Mr. Chae founded Yoshiharu in 2016 and leads a team of talented professionals with deep financial, operational, culinary,and real estate experience.

 

CompellingValue Proposition with Broad Appeal.

 

Guestscan enjoy our signature ramen dishes or select from our variety of fresh sushi, bento, and other Japanese cuisine. The high-quality dishesat affordable prices are the result of our efficient operations. In addition, we believe our commitment to high-quality and fresh ingredientsin our food is at the forefront of current dining trends as customers continue to seek healthy food options.

 

AttractiveRestaurant-Level Economics.

 

AtYoshiharu, we believe our rapid table turnover, combined with our ability to service customers at both lunch and dinner, allows for robustand efficient sales in each of our restaurants. Our average unit volume (“AUV”, as defined herein) was $1.1 million in 2019and $0.9 million in 2020.

 

Qualityof Food and Excellence in Customer Service.

 

Weplace a premium on serving high quality authentic Japanese cuisine. We believe in customer convenience and satisfaction and have createdstrong, loyal and repeat customers who help expand the Yoshiharu network to their friends, family and co-workers.

 

Flexibilityto Pivot to Online and Delivery.

 

Withthe COVID-19 pandemic, we were able to efficiently transition from primarily in-store sales to a diversified mix of channels includingtakeout and delivery. As our customers habits adapt post-pandemic, we intend to invest further in our delivery and takeout programs,which currently rely on third-party providers. Yoshiharu’s ramen and Japanese cuisine is ideally suited for to-go packaging andtransport. Due to our flexibility in pivoting to online and delivery, and we achieved out-of-store sales of $1.2 million for the ninemonths ended September 30, 2021, compared to $815,301 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, or a growth rate of over 42.5%.

 

OurGrowth Strategies

 

PursueNew Restaurant Development.

 

Wehave pursued a disciplined new corporate owned growth strategy. Having expanded our concept and operating model across varying restaurantsizes, we plan to leverage our expertise opening new restaurants to fill in existing markets and expand into new geographies. While wecurrently aim to achieve in excess of 100% annual unit growth rate over the next several years, we cannot predict the time period ofwhich we can achieve any level of restaurant growth or whether we will achieve this level of growth at all. Our ability to achieve newrestaurant growth is impacted by a number of risks and uncertainties beyond our control, including those described under the caption“Risk Factors.” In particular, see “Risk Factors—Our long-term success is highly dependent on our ability tosuccessfully identify and secure appropriate sites and timely develop and expand our operations in existing and new markets” forspecific risks that could impede our ability to achieve new restaurant growth in the future. We believe there is a significant opportunityto employ this strategy to open additional restaurants in our existing markets and in new markets with similar demographics and retailenvironments.

 

2

 

 

DeliverConsistent Comparable Restaurant Sales Growth.

 

Wehave achieved positive comparable restaurant sales growth in recent periods. We believe we will be able to generate future comparablerestaurant sales growth by growing traffic through increased brand awareness, consistent delivery of a satisfying dining experience,new menu offerings, and restaurant renovations. We will continue to manage our menu and pricing as part of our overall strategy to drivetraffic and increase average check. We are also exploring initiatives to grow sales of alcoholic beverages at our restaurants, includingthe potential of a larger format restaurant with a sake bar concept.

 

FranchiseProgram Development.

 

Weexpect to initiate sales of franchises beginning in 2022. We expect to submit an application for franchise registration in California,and we intend to submit franchise applications in additional states in the first half of 2022. While our initial franchise developmentwill focus on the United States, we also believe the Yoshiharu concept will attract future franchise partners around the world.

 

IncreaseProfitability.

 

Wehave invested in our infrastructure and personnel, which we believe positions us to continue to scale our business operations. As wecontinue to grow, we expect to drive higher profitability by taking advantage of our increasing buying power with suppliers and leveragingour existing support infrastructure. Additionally, we believe we will be able to optimize labor costs at existing restaurants as ourrestaurant base matures and AUVs increase. We believe that as our restaurant base grows, our general and administrative costs will increaseat a slower rate than our sales.

 

HeightenBrand Awareness.

 

Weintend to continue to pursue targeted local marketing efforts and plan to increase our investment in advertising. We also are exploringthe development of instant ramen noodles which we would distribute through retail channels. We intend to explore partnerships with groceryretailers to provide for small-format Yoshiharu kiosks in stores to promote a limited selection of Yoshiharu cuisine.

 

COVID-19Impact on Our Business

 

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted health and economic conditions throughout the United Statesand globally, as public concern about becoming ill with the virus has led to the issuance of recommendations and/or mandates from federal,state, and local authorities to practice social distancing or self-quarantine. We have experienced significant disruptions to our businessdue to the COVID-19 pandemic and related suggested and mandated social distancing and shelter-in-place orders. The Company felt directimpact through reduced revenues through periods of time in 2020 and 2021 when restaurant locations were forced into closure or into limitedcapacities. Revenues were $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $4.1 million for the year ended December 31,2019. The three restaurant locations that were open through all of 2020 each experienced significant sales declines. Combined averagemonthly sales for these locations decreased 36.8% for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company attempted to mitigate the impactof reduced inside dining through expansion of food delivery operations during the pandemic affected periods. The Company intends to continueselling through these delivery channels, even with a return to full capacity inside dining. Revenues were $4.4 million for the nine monthsended September 30, 2021, compared to $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, so the Company has already experiencedsignificant recovery from the impact of the pandemic on customer traffic during 2020. The combined average monthly sales for the 4 restaurantlocations that were open through all of 2020 increased 71.7% for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, from the comparableperiod in the prior year.

 

TheCompany obtained substantial amounts of funding available through government entities as assistance to maintain operations and, in particular,to maintain staffing levels through periods of reduced operations as a result of the pandemic. The Company received approximately $659,000in Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans, $450,000 in Economic Injury Disaster (“EIDL”) loans and $750,000in Restaurant Revitalization Fund (“RRF”) loans. These funds are all in the form of loans to be repaid over time, includinginterest, and have been reported within the Company’s balance sheets as such. However, the PPP and RRF loans allow for loan forgivenessif the Company meets certain criteria and submits applications for forgiveness along with supporting documentation. To date, the Companyhas been awarded forgiveness for approximately $273,000 of PPP loans, plus all accrued interest. This forgiveness was reported as OtherIncome for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The Company does anticipate applying for additional forgiveness as allowed.

 

CorporateOverview

 

CorporateReorganization

 

InDecember 2021, Yoshiharu Holdings was formed by James Chae as an S corporation for the purpose of acquiring all of the equity in eachof the 6 restaurant store entities which were previously founded and wholly owned directly by James Chae in exchange for an issuanceof 10,000,000 shares to James Chae, which constituted all of the issued and outstanding equity in Yoshiharu Holdings Co.

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. was incorporated on December 9, 2021 in Delawareby James Chae for purposes of effecting this offering. On December 9, 2021, James Chae contributed 100% of the equity in Yoshiharu HoldingsCo. to Yoshiharu Global Co. in exchange for the issuance by Yoshiharu Global Co. of 9,450,900 shares of Class A common stock to JamesChae. On December 10, 2021, the Company redeemed 670,000 shares of Class A common stock from James Chae at par ($0.0001 per share). InDecember 2021, the Company conducted a private placement solely to accredited investors and sold 670,000 shares of Class A common stockat $2.00 per share, which the Company’s board of directors determined to reflect the then current fair market value of the Company’sClass A common stock. The Company shall exchange 1,000,000 shares held by James Chae into 1,000,000 shares of Class B common stock immediatelyprior to the execution of the underwriting agreement.

 

Following the closing of this offering, James Chae will own all ofour Class B common stock (1,000,000 shares) and 7,110,900 shares of our Class A common stock, representing approximately 74.4% of thecombined voting power of our outstanding capital stock, or 72.3% if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional unitsand will have the ability to determine all matters requiring approval by stockholders. See “Risk Factors- Risks Related to ourOrganizational Structure” and “Principal Stockholders.” As a result, we will be a “controlled company”within the meaning of the corporate governance rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market.

 

Onall matters to be voted on by stockholders, holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share while holders of ourClass B common stock are entitled to 10 votes per share. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible into one share of Class Acommon stock at the option of the holder, upon transfer or in certain specified circumstances. With the exception of voting rights andconversion rights, holders of Class A and Class B common stock will have identical rights. We do not intend to list Class B common stockon any stock exchange.

 

3

 

 

Corporateand other information.

 

Ouroffices are located at 6940 Beach Blvd. Suite D-705, Buena Park, CA 90621. Our website is www.yoshiharuramen.com and our telephone numberis (714) 694-2400. We expect to make our periodic reports and other information filed with or furnished to the Securities and ExchangeCommission, or the SEC, available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after those reports and otherinformation are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Information on, or otherwise accessible through, our website or anyother website is not incorporated by reference herein and does not constitute a part of this prospectus. You should not consider informationcontained on our website to be part of this prospectus or in deciding whether to purchase shares of our Class A common stock or warrants.

 

RiskFactors Summary

 

Investingin our securities involves significant risks. You should carefully consider the risks described in “Risk Factors” beforemaking a decision to invest in our securities. If any of these risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results ofoperations would likely be materially adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our securities would likely decline, andyou may lose all or part of your investment. In reviewing this prospectus, we stress that past experience is no indication of futureperformance, and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” contains a discussion of what types of statements areforward-looking statements, as well as the significance of such statements in the context of this prospectus. Below is a summary of someof the significant risks we face:

 

  we may not be able to successfully implement our growth strategy if we are unable to identify appropriate sites for restaurant locations, expand in existing and new markets, obtain favorable lease terms, attract guests to our restaurants or hire and retain personnel;
     
  we may not be able to maintain or improve our comparable restaurant sales growth;
     
  the restaurant industry is a highly competitive industry with many competitors;
     
  our limited number of restaurants, the significant expense associated with opening new restaurants, and the unit volumes of our new restaurants makes us susceptible to significant fluctuations in our results of operations;
     
  we have incurred operating losses and may not be profitable in the future. Our plans to maintain and increase liquidity may not be successful;
     
  we depend on our senior management team and other key employees, and the loss of one or more key personnel or an inability to attract, hire, integrate and retain highly skilled personnel could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations;
     
  our operating results and growth strategies will be closely tied to the success of our future franchise partners and we will have limited control with respect to their operations;
     
  we may face negative publicity or damage to our reputation, which could arise from concerns regarding food safety and foodborne illness or other matters;
     
  minimum wage increases and mandated employee benefits could cause a significant increase in our labor costs;
     
  events or circumstances could cause the termination or limitation of our rights to certain intellectual property critical to our business that is licensed from Yoshiharu Asset Co., or we could face infringements on our intellectual property rights and be unable to protect our brand name, trademarks and other intellectual property rights;
     
  challenging economic conditions may affect our business by adversely impacting numerous items that include, but are not limited to: consumer confidence and discretionary spending, the future cost and availability of credit and the operations of our third-party vendors and other service providers;
     
  we, or our point of sale and restaurant management platform partners, may fail to secure guests’ confidential, personally identifiable, debit card or credit card information or other private data relating to our employees or us;
     
  we will face increased costs as a result of being a public company; and
     
  the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, or a similar public health threat, on global capital and financial markets, general economic conditions in the United States, and our business and operations.

 

 

4

 

 

EmergingGrowth Company Status

 

Weare an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we are an emerging growth company, unlike otherpublic companies that do not meet those qualifications, we are not required to:

 

  provide an auditor’s attestation report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
     
  provide more than two years of audited financial statements and related management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations in a registration statement on Form S-1;
     
  comply with any new requirements adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report in which the auditor would be required to provide additional information about the audit and the financial statements of the issuer;
     
  provide certain disclosure regarding executive compensation required of larger public companies or hold shareholder advisory votes on executive compensation required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act; or
     
  obtain shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

 

Wewill cease to be an “emerging growth company” upon the earliest of:

 

  the last day of the fiscal year in which we have $1.07 billion or more in annual gross revenues;
     
  the date on which we become a “large accelerated filer” (which means the year-end at which the total market value of our common equity securities held by non-affiliates is $700 million or more as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter);
     
  the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion of non-convertible debt securities over a three-year period; and
     
  the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering.

 

Inaddition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period providedin Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for complying with new or revisedaccounting standards, but we have irrevocably opted out of the extended transition period and, as a result, we will adopt new or revisedaccounting standards on the relevant dates in which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies.

 

5

 

 

THEOFFERING

 

Units offered  

4,000,000 units (or 4,600,000 units, if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional units), each unit consisting of one Class A common share and one warrant to purchase one Class A common share.
     
Class A common stock outstanding before the offering   9,000,000 shares.
     
Class A common stock outstanding after the offering   13,000,000 shares (or 13,600,000 shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock in full).
     
Class B common stock outstanding after the offering  

1,000,000 shares.

     
Over-allotment option   We have granted to the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase from us up to an additional 15% of the shares of Class A common stock and/or warrants sold in the offering in any combination thereof, solely to cover over-allotments, if any, at the initial public offering price, less the underwriting discounts.
     
Representative’s warrants   We have agreed to issue to the representative of the several underwriters warrants to purchase the number of shares of Class A common stock in the aggregate equal to 5% of the shares of Class A common stock to be issued and sold in this offering (including any shares of Class A common stock sold upon exercise of the over-allotment option). The warrants are exercisable for a price per share equal to 125% of the public offering price. The warrants are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, during the four-and-a-half-year period commencing six (6) months from the date of commencement of sales of the offering.
     
Use of proceeds   We expect to receive approximately $16,380,000 of the net proceeds from this offering (assuming an initial public offering price of $4.50 per unit, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus) from the sale of the units offered by us (or approximately $18,837,000 if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional units) after deducting underwriter discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Each $1.00 change in the assumed initial public offering price would change our net proceeds by approximately $3,640,000 after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
     
    We intend to use the net proceeds we receive from this offering to fund our expansion and development of new corporate-owned locations, expand our distribution capabilities, develop our franchise program and for general corporate purposes.  See “Use of Proceeds”.

 

6

 

 

Voting rights  

Each share of Class A common stock will entitle its holder to one vote on all matters to be voted on by stockholders generally.

 

James Chae will hold all of the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock and will also hold 7,110,900 shares of our Class A common stock. Each share of Class B common stock will entitle its holder to 10 votes on all matters to be voted on by stockholders generally. Upon completion of this offering, we will be controlled by James Chae, which will hold approximately 74.4% of the combined voting power of our outstanding Class A common stock and Class B common stock, or approximately 72.3% if the underwriters exercise their option to an additional 15% of the shares of Class A common stock and/or warrants sold in the offering in any combination thereof.

     
    Holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock will generally vote together as a single class, unless otherwise required by applicable law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. See “Description of Securities” for more information.
     
Conversion rights   Our Class B common stock is convertible as follows:

 

  at such time as any shares of Class B common stock cease to be beneficially owned by James Chae, such shares of Class B common stock will be automatically converted into shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis;
     
  all of the Class B common stock will automatically convert into Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis on such date when the number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock beneficially owned by James Chae represents less than 25% of the total number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding as set forth in the share exchange agreement; and
     
  at the election of the holder of Class B common stock, any share of Class B common stock may be converted into one share of Class A common stock.

 

Controlled company   Following this offering we will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure” and “Management—Controlled Company.”
     
Lock-up   We, all of our directors and officers and all of our existing shareholders have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell, transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any of our Class A common stock, Class B common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our Class A or Class B common stock for a period of 12 months after the date of the final prospectus. See “Underwriting” for more information.
     
Dividend policy   We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends to holders of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock in the foreseeable future. See “Dividend Policy” for additional information.

 

7

 

 

Risk factors   See “Risk Factors” for a discussion of factors that you should consider carefully before deciding whether to purchase shares of our securities.
     
Proposed Nasdaq Capital Market symbols   In connection with this offering, we have filed an application to list our shares of Class A common stock under the symbol “YOSH” and our warrants under the symbol “YOSHW,” both on the Nasdaq Capital Market.  We do not intend that the units trade and we will not apply for listing of the units on any securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the units will be limited.  The closing of this offering is contingent upon the successful listing of our common stock and warrants on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

 

Thenumber of Class A common stock and Class B common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 9,000,000 shares ofClass A common stock and 1,000,000 shares of Class B common stock outstanding as of         , 2022.

 

Exceptas otherwise indicated, the number of Class A common stock and Class B common stock to be outstanding after this offering referred toabove and all other information in this prospectus:

 

  assumes the effectiveness of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws included as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, which we will adopt prior to the completion of this offering;
     
  assumes no exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option to purchase up to 600,000 additional shares of Class A common stock and/or warrants from us at an initial public offering price of $4.50 per unit, which represents the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus;
     
  excludes [500,000] shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the [Yoshiharu Global Co. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan]; and
     
  excludes shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants and the representative’s warrants.

 

 

8

 

 

SUMMARYHISTORICAL FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA

 

Thefollowing table summarizes our historical financial and operating data for the periods and as of the dates indicated. The statementsof income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2019and December 31, 2020 have been derived from our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The statements ofincome data for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2021 and the balance sheet data as of September 30, 2021 havebeen derived from our unaudited interim financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The financial data presented includesall normal and recurring adjustments that we consider necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operationsfor such periods.

 

Thehistorical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. This informationshould be read in conjunction with “Risk Factors,” “Selected Financial Data,” “Management’s Discussionand Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our audited financial statements and unaudited interim financialstatements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

   Years Ended December 31,   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2020   2019   2021   2020 
                 
Revenue:                    
Food and beverage  $3,170,925   $4,058,739   $4,449,354   $1,918,930 
Total revenue   3,170,925    4,058,739    4,449,354    1,918,930 
                     
Restaurant operating expenses:                    
Food, beverages and supplies   903,313    1,533,959    1,344,672    909,670 
Labor   1,542,796    1,241,075    1,999,084    1,075,751 
Rent and utilities   437,972    504,430    465,677    280,837 
Delivery and service fees   245,163    219,412    384,050    183,477 
Depreciation   114,478    102,416    94,294    83,181 
Total restaurant operating expenses   3,243,722    3,601,292    4,287,777    2,532,916 
                     
Net operating restaurant operating income   (72,797)   457,447    161,577    (613,986)
                     
Operating expenses:                    
General and administrative   330,739    501,192    428,926    324,416 
Advertising and marketing   30,054    20,721    12,437    33,868 
Total operating expenses   360,793    521,913    441,363    358,284 
                     
Loss from operations   (433,590)   (64,466)   (279,786)   (972,270)
                     
Other income (expense):                    
PPP loan forgiveness   -    -    269,887    - 
Other income   53,929    16,934    25,000    40,718 
Interest   (51,590)   (64,036)   (44,145)   (73,356)
Total other income (expense)   2,339    (47,102)   250,742    (32,638)
                     
Income before income taxes   (431,251)   (111,568)   (29,044)   (1,004,908)
                     
Income tax provision   18,877    22,557    13,924    9,978 
                     
Net loss  $(450,128)  $(134,125)  $(42,968)  $(1,014,886)
                     
Loss per share:                    
Basic and diluted  $(0.36)  $(0.13)  $(0.01)  $(0.84)
                     
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:                    
Basic and diluted   1,236,836    1,035,959    3,131,740    1,205,000 

 

 

9

 

 

   As of December 31,  

As of

September 30,

 
   2020   2019   2021 
             
Cash  $-   $78,117   $53,299 
Total assets  $3,014,424   $2,134,165   $4,791,007 
Total liabilities  $4,385,804   $2,450,223   $6,901,426 
Total stockholders’ deficit  $(1,371,380)  $(316,058)  $(2,110,419)

 

   Years Ended December 31,   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2020   2019   2021   2020 
                 
Key Financial and Operational Metrics                    
Restaurants at the end of period   5    4    6    5 
Average unit volumes (1)  $904,745   $1,091,364    N/A    N/A 
Comparable restaurant sales growth (2)   -29.3%   7.4%   63.4%   32.3%
EBITDA (3)   (265,183)   54,884    109,395    (848,371)
Adjusted EBITDA (3)   (265,183)   54,884    (167,318)   (848,371)
as a percentage of sales   -8.4%   1.4%   -3.8%   -44.2%
Operating income   (433,590)   (64,466)   (279,786)   (972,270)
Operating profit margin   -13.7%   -1.6%   -6.3%   -50.7%
Restaurant-level Contribution (3)   41,681    559,863    255,871    (530,805)
Restaurant-level Contribution Margin (3)   1.3%   13.8%   5.8%   -27.7%

 

  (1) Average Unit Volumes (AUVs) consist of the average annual sales of all restaurants that have been open for 3 months or longer at the end of the fiscal year presented. The AUVs measure has been adjusted for restaurants that were not open for the entire fiscal year presented (such as a restaurant closed for renovation) to annualize sales for such period of time. Since AUVs are calculated based on annual sales for the fiscal year presented, they are not shown on an interim basis for the nine-months ended September 30, 2020 and 2021. See “Additional Financial Measures and Other Data” for the definition of AUVs.
  (2) Comparable restaurant sales growth represents the change in year-over-year sales for restaurants open for at least 3 months prior to the start of the accounting period presented, including those temporarily closed for renovations during the year. The comparable restaurant sales growth measure is calculated excluding the West Hollywood and Lynwood, California restaurants, which closed in fiscal year 2019 due to under performance.
  (3) EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin are intended as supplemental measures of our performance that are neither required by, nor presented in accordance with, GAAP. We are presenting EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin because we believe that they provide useful information to management and investors regarding certain financial and business trends relating to our financial condition and operating results. Additionally, we present Restaurant-level Contribution because it excludes the impact of general and administrative expenses which are not incurred at the restaurant-level. We also use Restaurant-level Contribution to measure operating performance and returns from opening new restaurants.

 

10

 

 

Thefollowing table presents a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:

 

   Years Ended December 31,   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2020   2019   2021   2020 
                 
Net loss, as reported  $(450,128)  $(134,125)  $(42,968)  $(1,014,886)
Interest, net   51,590    64,036    44,145    73,356 
Taxes   18,877    22,557    13,924    9,978 
Depreciation and amortization   114,478    102,416    94,294    83,181 
EBITDA   (265,183)   54,884    109,395    (848,371)
PPP loan forgiveness (a)   -    -    (276,713)   - 
Adjusted EBITDA  $(265,183)  $54,884   $(167,318)  $(848,371)

 

  (a) Represents income recorded upon the forgiveness of payroll protection loans from the SBA.

 

Thefollowing table presents a reconciliation of net restaurant operating income (loss) to Restaurant-level Contribution:

 

   Years Ended December 31,   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2020   2019   2021   2020 
                 
Net restaurant operating income (loss), as reported  $(72,797)  $457,447  $161,577  $(613,986)
Depreciation and amortization   114,478    102,416    94,294    83,181 
Restaurant-level Contribution  $41,681   $559,863   $255,871   $(530,805)
Operating profit margin   -13.7%   -1.6%   -6.3%   -50.7%
Restaurant-level Contribution Margin   1.3%   13.8%   5.8%   -27.7%

 

 

11

 

 

RISKFACTORS

 

Aninvestment in our Class A common stock and warrants, which we refer to in this prospectus as our “securities,” involves ahigh degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below before deciding whether to purchase sharesof our Class A common stock. In assessing these risks, you should also refer to the other information contained in this prospectus, includingour financial statements and related notes. If any of the risks described below actually occur, our business, financial condition orresults of operations could be materially adversely affected. In any such case, the trading price of our Class A common stock or warrantscould decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks anduncertainties not currently known to us or those we currently view to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business,properties, operating results or financial condition.

 

RisksRelated to Our Business and Industry

 

Ourlong-term success is highly dependent on our ability to successfully identify and secure appropriate sites and timely develop and expandour operations in existing and new markets.

 

Oneof the key means of achieving our growth strategies will be through opening and operating new restaurants on a profitable basis for theforeseeable future. We opened one new restaurant in fiscal year 2019 and one new restaurant in fiscal year 2020 by utilizing approximately25% of the net proceeds of this offering. We have opened one new restaurant in fiscal year 2021. We currently have 3 locationsunder construction, and we expect to open an additional 8 new restaurants (4 of which have been identified) in fiscal year2022. We identify target markets where we can enter or expand, taking into account numerous factors such as the locations of our currentrestaurants, demographics, traffic patterns and information gathered from various sources. We may not be able to open our planned newrestaurants within budget or on a timely basis, if at all, given the uncertainty of these factors, which could adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations. As we operate more restaurants, our rate of expansion relative to the size of our restaurantbase will eventually decline.

 

Thenumber and timing of new restaurants opened during any given period may be negatively impacted by a number of factors including, withoutlimitation:

 

  identification and availability of locations with the appropriate size, traffic patterns, local retail and business attractions and infrastructure that will drive high levels of guest traffic and sales per unit;
     
  competition in existing and new markets, including competition for restaurant sites;
     
  the ability to negotiate suitable lease terms;
     
  the lack of development and overall decrease in commercial real estate due to a macroeconomic downturn;
     
  recruitment and training of qualified personnel in the local market;
     
  our ability to obtain all required governmental permits, including zonal approvals, on a timely basis;
     
  our ability to control construction and development costs of new restaurants;
     
  landlord delays;
     
  the proximity of potential sites to an existing restaurant, and the impact of cannibalization on future growth;
     
  anticipated commercial, residential and infrastructure development near our new restaurants; and
     
  the cost and availability of capital to fund construction costs and pre-opening costs.

 

12

 

 

Accordingly,we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully expand as we may not correctly analyze the suitability of a location or anticipateall of the challenges imposed by expanding our operations. Our growth strategy, and the substantial investment associated with the developmentof each new restaurant, may cause our operating results to fluctuate and be unpredictable or adversely affect our business, financialcondition or results of operations. If we are unable to expand in existing markets or penetrate new markets, our ability to increaseour sales and profitability may be materially harmed or we may face losses.

 

Ourrestaurant base is geographically concentrated in California, and we could be negatively affected by conditions specific to California.

 

Adversechanges in demographic, unemployment, economic, regulatory or weather conditions in California have had, and may continue to have, materialadverse effects on our business, financial condition or results of operations. As a result of our concentration in California, we havebeen, and in the future may be, disproportionately affected by adverse conditions in this specific market compared to other chain restaurantswith a national footprint.

 

Ourexpansion into new markets may present increased risks due in part to our unfamiliarity with the areas and may make our future resultsunpredictable.

 

Asof September 30, 2021, we have opened one new restaurant in fiscal year 2021 and we currently have 3 locations under construction.We plan to continue to increase the number of our restaurants in the next several years as part of our expansion strategy and expectto open an additional 8 new restaurants (4 of which have been identified) in 2022 by utilizing approximately 25% ofthe net proceeds of this offering. We may in the future open restaurants in markets where we have little or no operating experience.This growth strategy and the substantial investment associated with the development of each new restaurant may cause our operating resultsto fluctuate and be unpredictable or adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Restaurants we openin new markets may take longer to reach expected sales and profit levels on a consistent basis and may have higher construction, occupancyor operating costs than restaurants we open in existing markets, thereby affecting our overall profitability. New markets may have competitiveconditions, consumer tastes and discretionary spending patterns that are more difficult to predict or satisfy than our existing marketsand there may be little or no market awareness of our brand in these new markets. We may need to make greater investments than we originallyplanned in advertising and promotional activity in new markets to build brand awareness. We also may find it more difficult in new marketsto hire, motivate and keep qualified employees who share our vision, passion and business culture. If we do not successfully executeour plans to enter new markets, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

 

Newrestaurants, once opened, may not be profitable, and the increases in average restaurant sales and comparable restaurant sales that wehave experienced in the past may not be indicative of future results.

 

Newrestaurants may not be profitable and their sales performance may not follow historical patterns. In addition, our average restaurantsales and comparable restaurant sales may not increase at the rates achieved over the past several years. Our ability to operate newrestaurants profitably and increase average restaurant sales and comparable restaurant sales will depend on many factors, some of whichare beyond our control, including:

 

  consumer awareness and understanding of our brand;
     
  general economic conditions, which can affect restaurant traffic, local labor costs and prices we pay for the food products and other supplies we use;
     
  changes in consumer preferences and discretionary spending;
     
  competition, either from our competitors in the restaurant industry or our own restaurants;
     
  temporary and permanent site characteristics of new restaurants; and
     
  changes in government regulation.

 

Ifour new restaurants do not perform as planned, our business and future prospects could be harmed. In addition, if we are unable to achieveour expected average restaurant sales, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

13

 

 

Oursales and profit growth could be adversely affected if comparable restaurant sales are less than we expect.

 

Thelevel of comparable restaurant sales growth, which represents the change in year-over-year sales for restaurants open for at least 3months, could affect our sales growth. Our ability to increase comparable restaurant sales depends in part on our ability to successfullyimplement our initiatives to build sales. It is possible such initiatives will not be successful, that we will not achieve our targetcomparable restaurant sales growth or that the change in comparable restaurant sales could be negative, which may cause a decrease inour profitability and would materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. See “Management’sDiscussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

Ourfailure to manage our growth effectively could harm our business and operating results.

 

Ourgrowth plan includes opening new restaurants. Our existing restaurant management systems, financial and management controls and informationsystems may be inadequate to support our planned expansion. Managing our growth effectively will require us to continue to enhance thesesystems, procedures and controls and to hire, train and retain managers and team members. We may not respond quickly enough to the changingdemands that our expansion will impose on our management, restaurant teams and existing infrastructure which could harm our business,financial condition or results of operations.

 

Ourlimited number of restaurants, the significant expense associated with opening new restaurants, and the unit volumes of our new restaurantsmakes us susceptible to significant fluctuations in our results of operations.

 

Asof September 30, 2021, we operate 6 restaurants. We opened one new restaurant in fiscal year 2019 and one new restaurant in fiscal year2020. We have opened one new restaurant in fiscal year 2021. We currently have 3 locations under construction, and we expect toopen 8 new restaurants (4 of which have been identified) in fiscal year 2022 by utilizing approximately 25% of the netproceeds of this offering. The capital resources required to develop each new restaurant are significant. On average, we estimatethat our restaurants require a cash build-out cost of approximately $350,000-$550,000 per restaurant, net of landlord tenant improvementallowances and pre-opening costs and assuming that we do not purchase the underlying real estate. Actual costs may vary significantlydepending upon a variety of factors, including the site and size of the restaurant and conditions in the local real estate and labormarkets. The combination of our relatively small number of existing restaurants, the significant investment associated with each newrestaurant, variance in the operating results in any one restaurant, or a delay or cancellation in the planned opening of a restaurantcould materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Adecline in visitors to any of the retail centers, shopping malls, lifestyle centers, or entertainment centers where our restaurants arelocated could negatively affect our restaurant sales.

 

Ourrestaurants are primarily located in high-activity areas such as retail centers, shopping malls, lifestyle centers, and entertainmentcenters. We depend on high visitor rates at these centers to attract guests to our restaurants. Factors that may result in decliningvisitor rates include economic or political conditions, anchor tenants closing in retail centers or shopping malls in which we operate,changes in consumer preferences or shopping patterns, changes in discretionary consumer spending, increasing petroleum prices, or otherfactors, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

We have incurred operating losses and may not be profitable inthe future. Our plans to maintain and increase liquidity may not be successful. The report of the independent registered public accountingfirm includes a going concern uncertainty explanatory paragraph.

 

We incurreda net loss of $42,968 for the nine months ended September 20, 2021 and had an accumulated deficit of $2,586,790 and cash of $53,299on September 30, 2021. These factors raise substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern, and our independent registeredpublic accounting firm has included a going concern uncertainty explanatory paragraph in their report dated December 15, 2021. The Companycurrently generates its cash flow through its operating profit, sales of common shares and borrowings from banks. The Company also had cash flow from operationsof $591,452 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and $82,354 for the year ended December 31, 2020. As of the date of this prospectus,the Company has not experienced any difficulty in raising funds through bank loans, and has not experienced any liquidity problems insettling payables in the normal course of business and repaying bank loans when they fall due. Successful renewal of our bank loans,however, is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. In addition, the increasingly competitive industry conditions under which weoperate have negatively impacted our results of operations and cash flows and may continue to do so in the future. These factors raisesubstantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

 

Wedepend on our senior management team and other key employees, and the loss of one or more key personnel or an inability to attract, hire,integrate and retain highly skilled personnel could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Oursuccess depends largely upon the continued services of our key executives, including James Chae. We also rely on our leadership teamin setting our strategic direction, operating our business, identifying, recruiting and training key personnel, identifying expansionopportunities, arranging necessary financing, and for general and administrative functions. From time to time, there may be changes inour executive management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives, which could disrupt our business. The loss or replacementof one or more of our executive officers or other key employees could have a serious adverse effect on our business, financial conditionor results of operations.

 

Tocontinue to execute our growth strategy, we also must identify, hire and retain highly skilled personnel. We might not be successfulin continuing to attract and retain qualified personnel. Failure to identify, hire and retain necessary key personnel could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

14

 

 

Openingnew restaurants in existing markets may negatively affect sales at our existing restaurants.

 

Theconsumer target area of our restaurants varies by location, depending on a number of factors, including population density, other localretail and business attractions, area demographics and geography. As a result, the opening of a new restaurant in or near markets inwhich we already have restaurants could adversely affect the sales of these existing restaurants and thereby adversely affect our business,financial condition or results of operations. Existing restaurants could also make it more difficult to build our consumer base for anew restaurant in the same market. Our core business strategy does not entail opening new restaurants that we believe will materiallyaffect sales at our existing restaurants, but we may selectively open new restaurants in and around areas of existing restaurants thatare operating at or near capacity to effectively serve our guests. Sales cannibalization between our restaurants may become significantin the future as we continue to expand our operations and could affect our sales growth, which could, in turn, materially adversely affectour business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Ouroperating results and growth strategies will be closely tied to the success of our future franchise partners and we will have limitedcontrol with respect to their operations. Additionally, our franchise partners’ interests may conflict or diverge with our interestsin the future, which could have a negative impact on our business.

 

Aswe grow, we will depend on the financial success and cooperation of our future franchise partners for our success. Our franchise partnerswill be independent business operators and will not be our employees, and as such we have limited control over how our franchise partnerswill run their businesses, and their inability to operate successfully could adversely affect our operating results.

 

Wewill receive royalties, franchise fees, contributions to our marketing development fund, and other fees from our franchise partners.Additionally, we will sell proprietary products to our franchise partners at a markup over our cost to produce. We expect to establishoperational standards and guidelines for our franchise partners; however, we will have limited control over how our franchise partners’businesses are run, including day to day operations. Even with these operation standards and guidelines, the quality of franchised storesmay be diminished by any number of factors beyond our control. Consequently, our franchise partners may not successfully operate storesin a manner consistent with our standards and requirements, such as quality, service and cleanliness, or may not hire and train qualifiedstore managers and other store personnel or may not implement marketing programs and major initiatives such as store remodels or equipmentor technology upgrades, which may require financial investment. Even if such unsuccessful operations do not rise to the level of breachingthe related franchise documents, they may be attributed by customers to our brand and could have a negative impact on our business.

 

Ourfranchise partners may not be able to secure adequate financing to open or continue operating their stores. If they incur too much debtor if economic or sales trends deteriorate such that they are unable to repay existing debt, our franchise partners could experiencefinancial distress or even bankruptcy. If a significant number of our franchise partners were to become financially distressed, it couldharm our operating results through reduced royalty revenue, marketing fees, and proprietary product sales and the impact on our profitabilitycould be greater than the percentage decrease in these revenue streams.

 

Whilewe are responsible for ensuring the success of our entire system of stores and for taking a longer term view with respect to system improvements,our franchise partners will have individual business strategies and objectives, which might conflict with our interests. Our future franchisepartners may from time to time disagree with us and our strategies and objectives regarding the business or our interpretation of ourrespective rights and obligations under the franchise agreement and the terms and conditions of the franchise partner relationship. Thismay lead to disputes with our franchise partners and we expect such disputes to occur from time to time in the future. Such disputesmay result in legal action against us. To the extent we have such disputes, the attention, time and financial resources of our managementand our future franchise partners will be diverted from our stores, which could harm our business even if we have a successful outcomein the dispute.

 

15

 

 

Actionsor omissions by our future franchise partners in violation of various laws may be attributed to us or result in negative publicity thataffects our overall brand image, which may decrease consumer demand for our products. Franchise partners may engage in online activityvia social media or activity in their personal lives that negatively impacts public perception of our franchise partners’ or ouroperations or our brand as a whole. This activity may negatively affect franchise partners’ sales and in turn impact our revenue.

 

Inaddition, various state and federal laws govern our relationship with our future franchise partners and our potential sale of a franchise.A future franchise partner and/or a government agency may bring legal action against us based on the franchisee/franchisor relationshipsthat could result in the award of damages to a franchise partner and/or the imposition of fines or other penalties against us.

 

Operatingresults at our restaurants could be significantly affected by competition in the restaurant industry in general and, in particular, withinthe dining segments of the restaurant industry in which we compete.

 

Weface significant competition from a variety of restaurants offering both Asian and non-Asian cuisine, as well as takeout offerings fromgrocery stores and other outlets where Asian food is sold. These segments are highly competitive with respect to, among other things,product quality, dining experience, ambience, location, convenience, value perception, and price. Our competition continues to intensifyas competitors increase the breadth and depth of their product offerings and open new locations. These competitors may have, among otherthings, chefs who are widely known to the public that may generate more notoriety for those competitors as compared to our brand. Wealso compete with many restaurant and retail establishments for site locations and restaurant-level employees.

 

Severalof our competitors offering Asian and related choices may look to compete with us on price, quality and service. Any of these competitivefactors may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Negativepublicity relating to one of our restaurants could reduce sales at some or all of our other restaurants.

 

Oursuccess is dependent in part upon our ability to maintain and enhance the value of our brand and consumers’ connection to our brand.We may, from time to time, be faced with negative publicity relating to food quality, restaurant facilities, guest complaints or litigationalleging illness or injury, health inspection scores, integrity of our or our suppliers’ food processing, employee relationshipsor other matters, regardless of whether the allegations are valid or whether we are held to be responsible. The negative impact of adversepublicity relating to one restaurant may extend far beyond the restaurant involved to affect some or all of our other restaurants, therebycausing an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. A similar risk exists with respect to unrelatedfood service businesses, if consumers associate those businesses with our own operations.

 

Theconsiderable expansion in the use of social media over recent years can further amplify any negative publicity that could be generatedby such incidents. Many social media platforms immediately publish the content their subscribers and participants post, often withoutfilters or checks on accuracy of the content posted. Information posted on such platforms may be adverse to our interests and/or maybe inaccurate. The dissemination of inaccurate or irresponsible information online could harm our business, reputation, prospects, financialcondition, or results of operations, regardless of the information’s accuracy. The damage may be immediate without affording usan opportunity for redress or correction.

 

Additionally,employee claims against us based on, among other things, wage and hour violations, discrimination, harassment or wrongful terminationmay also create negative publicity that could adversely affect us and divert our financial and management resources that would otherwisebe used to benefit the future performance of our operations. A significant increase in the number of these claims or an increase in thenumber of successful claims could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Consumer demandfor our restaurants and our brand’s value could diminish significantly if any such incidents or other matters create negative publicityor otherwise erode consumer confidence in us or our restaurants, which would likely result in lower sales and could materially adverselyaffect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

16

 

 

Foodsafety and foodborne illness concerns could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Wecannot guarantee that our internal controls and training will be fully effective in preventing all food safety issues at our restaurants,including any occurrences of foodborne illnesses such as salmonella, E. coli and hepatitis A. In addition, there is no guarantee thatour restaurant locations will maintain the high levels of internal controls and training we require at our restaurants. Furthermore,we rely on third-party vendors, making it difficult to monitor food safety compliance and increasing the risk that foodborne illnesswould affect multiple locations rather than a single restaurant. Some foodborne illness incidents could be caused by third-party vendorsand transporters outside of our control. New illnesses resistant to our current precautions may develop in the future, or diseases withlong incubation periods could arise, that could give rise to claims or allegations on a retroactive basis. One or more instances of foodborneillness in any of our restaurants or markets or related to food products we sell could negatively affect our restaurant sales nationwideif highly publicized on national media outlets or through social media. This risk exists even if it were later determined that the illnesswas wrongly attributed to us or one of our restaurants. A number of other restaurant chains have experienced incidents related to foodborneillnesses that have had a material adverse effect on their operations. The occurrence of a similar incident at one or more of our restaurants,or negative publicity or public speculation about an incident, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition orresults of operations.

 

Governmentalregulation may adversely affect our ability to open new restaurants or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition orresults of operations.

 

Weare subject to various federal, state and local regulations. Our restaurants are subject to state and local licensing and regulationby health, alcoholic beverage, sanitation, food and occupational safety and other agencies. We may experience material difficulties orfailures in obtaining the necessary licenses, approvals or permits for our restaurants, which could delay planned restaurant openingsor affect the operations at our existing restaurants. In addition, stringent and varied requirements of local regulators with respectto zoning, land use and environmental factors could delay or prevent development of new restaurants in particular locations.

 

Weare subject to the U.S. Americans with Disabilities Act and similar state laws that give civil rights protections to individuals withdisabilities in the context of employment, public accommodations and other areas, including our restaurants. We may in the future haveto modify restaurants, for example, by adding access ramps or redesigning certain architectural fixtures, to provide service to or makereasonable accommodations for disabled persons. The expenses associated with these modifications could be material.

 

Ouroperations are also subject to the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act, which governs worker health and safety, the U.S. Fair LaborStandards Act, which governs such matters as minimum wages and overtime, and a variety of similar federal, state and local laws thatgovern these and other employment law matters. In addition, federal, state and local proposals related to paid sick leave or similarmatters could, if implemented, materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Werely significantly on certain vendors and suppliers, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Ourability to maintain consistent price and quality throughout our restaurants depends in part upon our ability to acquire specified foodproducts and supplies in sufficient quantities from third-party vendors and suppliers at a reasonable cost. We do not control the businessesof our vendors and suppliers and our efforts to specify and monitor the standards under which they perform may not be successful. Furthermore,certain food items are perishable, and we have limited control over whether these items will be delivered to us in appropriate conditionfor use in our restaurants. If any of our vendors or other suppliers are unable to fulfill their obligations to our standards, or ifwe are unable to find replacement providers in the event of a supply or service disruption, we could encounter supply shortages and incurhigher costs to secure adequate supplies, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Inaddition, we use various third-party vendors to provide, support and maintain most of our management information systems. We also outsourcecertain accounting, payroll and human resource functions to business process service providers. The failure of such vendors to fulfilltheir obligations could disrupt our operations. Additionally, any changes we may make to the services we obtain from our vendors, ornew vendors we employ, may disrupt our operations. These disruptions could materially adversely affect our business, financial conditionor results of operations.

 

17

 

 

Changesin food and supply costs could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. 

 

Our profitabilitydepends in part on our ability to anticipate and react to changes in food and supply costs, especially in light of recent supply chaindisruptions. For example, we believe that the cost of certain essential supplies (i.e. gloves and canola oil) has increased as a resultof lower supply attributable to supply chain interruptions. Shortages or interruptions in the availability of certain supplies causedby unanticipated demand, problems in production or distribution, food contamination, inclement weather or other conditions could adverselyaffect the availability, quality and cost of our ingredients, which could harm our operations. Any further increase in the pricesof the food products most critical to our menu, such as canola oil, rice, meats, fish and other seafood, as well as fresh vegetables,could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results from operations. Although we try to managethe impact that these fluctuations have on our operating results, we remain susceptible to continued increases in food andother essential supply costs as a result of factors beyond our control, such as the current supply chain interruptions, generaleconomic conditions, seasonal fluctuations, weather conditions, demand, food safety concerns, generalized infectious diseases, productrecalls and government regulations.

 

Ifany of our distributors or suppliers performs inadequately, or our distribution or supply relationships are disrupted for any reason,our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be adversely affected. If we cannot replace or engage distributorsor suppliers who meet our specifications in a short period of time, that could increase our expenses and cause shortages of food andother items at our restaurants, which could cause a restaurant to remove items from its menu. If that were to happen, affected restaurantscould experience significant reductions in sales during the shortage or thereafter, if guests change their dining habits as a result.In addition, because we provide moderately priced food, we may choose not to, or may be unable to, pass along commodity price increasesto consumers. These potential changes in food and supply costs could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition orresults of operations.

 

Failureto receive frequent deliveries of fresh food ingredients and other supplies could harm our business, financial condition or results ofoperations.

 

Our ability tomaintain our menu depends in part on our ability to acquire ingredients that meet our specifications from reliable suppliers. To date,notwithstanding the current supply chain disruptions which we believe have attributed to increased costs, deliveries have been consistentand not a source of material disruption to our business. However, shortages or interruptions in the supply of ingredients causedby unanticipated demand, problems in production or distribution, food contamination, inclement weather or other conditions could adverselyaffect the availability and quality of our ingredients in the future, which could harm our business, financial conditionor results of operations. If any of our distributors or suppliers performs inadequately, or our distribution or supply relationshipsare materially disrupted for any reason, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.If we cannot replace or engage distributors or suppliers who meet our specifications in a short period of time, that could increase ourexpenses and cause shortages of food and other items at our restaurants, which could cause a restaurant to remove items from its menu.If that were to happen, affected restaurants could experience significant reductions in sales during the shortage or thereafter, if guestschange their dining habits as a result. This reduction in sales could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition orresults of operations.

 

Inaddition, our approach to competing in the restaurant industry depends in large part on our continued ability to provide authentic andtraditional Japanese cuisine that is free from artificial ingredients. As we increase our use of these ingredients, the ability of oursuppliers to expand output or otherwise increase their supplies to meet our needs may be constrained. We could face difficulties to obtaina sufficient and consistent supply of these ingredients on a cost-effective basis.

 

Labordisputes may disrupt our operations and affect our profitability, thereby causing a material adverse effect on our business, financialcondition or results of operations.

 

Asan employer, we are presently, and may in the future be, subject to various employment-related claims, such as individual or class actionsor government enforcement actions relating to alleged employment discrimination, employee classification and related withholding, wage-hour,labor standards or healthcare and benefit issues. Any future actions if brought against us and successful in whole or in part, may affectour ability to compete or could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

18

 

 

Theminimum wage, particularly in California, continues to increase and is subject to factors outside of our control.

 

Wehave a substantial number of hourly employees who are paid wage rates based on the applicable federal or state minimum wage. Since January1, 2021, the State of California has a minimum wage of $14.00 per hour. Effective January 1, 2022, the State of California will havea minimum wage of $15.00 per hour. Moreover, municipalities may set minimum wages above the applicable state standards, including inthe municipalities in which we operate.

 

Thefederal minimum wage has been $7.25 per hour since July 24, 2009. Any of federally-mandated, state-mandated or municipality-mandatedminimum wages may be raised in the future which could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition or resultsof operations. If menu prices are increased by us to cover increased labor costs, the higher prices could adversely affect sales andthereby reduce our margins and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Changesin employment laws may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

 

Variousfederal and state labor laws govern the relationship with our employees and affect operating costs. These laws include employee classificationas exempt/non-exempt for overtime and other purposes, minimum wage requirements, tips and gratuity payments, unemployment tax rates,workers’ compensation rates, immigration status and other wage and benefit requirements. Significant additional government-imposedincreases in the following areas could materially affect our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flow:

 

  minimum wages;
     
  tips and gratuities;
     
  mandatory health benefits;
     
  vacation accruals;
     
  paid leaves of absence, including paid sick leave; and
     
  tax reporting.

 

Ifwe face labor shortages, increased labor costs or unionization activities, our growth, business, financial condition and operating resultscould be adversely affected.

 

Labor is aprimary component in the cost of operating our restaurants. We are currently experiencing labor shortages which is a risk that weshare with our competitors. Availability of qualified employees is scarce. Additionally, labor costs have increased due to recentminimum wage increases in California and the fact that we employ fewer employees who are working extended hours and therefore we areexperiencing an increase of overtime payable to such employees, If we continue to face labor shortages or increased laborcosts because of these factors or as a result of increased competition for employees, higher employee turnover rates,additional increases in federal, state or local minimum wage rates or other employee benefits costs (including costs associatedwith health insurance coverage), our operating expenses could increase and our growth could be adversely affected. In addition, oursuccess depends in part upon our ability to attract, motivate and retain a sufficient number of well-qualified restaurant operatorsand management personnel, as well as a sufficient number of other qualified employees, to keep pace with our expansion schedule.Qualified individuals needed to fill these positions are in short supply in some geographic areas. In addition, restaurants havetraditionally experienced relatively high employee turnover rates. We are experiencing problems in recruiting andretaining employees, and our ability to recruit and retain such individuals may delay the planned openings of new restaurantsor result in higher employee turnover in existing restaurants, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financialcondition or results of operations.

 

Ifwe are unable to recruit and retain sufficiently qualified individuals, our business and our growth could be adversely affected, therebyadversely affecting or business, financial condition or results of operations. Competition for these employees could require us to payhigher wages, which could result in higher labor costs. In addition, additional increases in the minimum wage would increase ourlabor costs. Additionally, costs associated with workers’ compensation are rising, and these costs may continue to rise in thefuture. We may be unable to increase our menu prices in order to pass these increased labor costs on to consumers, in which case ourmargins would be negatively affected, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Althoughnone of our employees are currently covered under collective bargaining agreements, our employees may elect to be represented by laborunions in the future. If a significant number of our employees were to become unionized and collective bargaining agreement terms weresignificantly different from our current compensation arrangements, it could adversely affect our business, financial condition or resultsof operations.

 

19

 

 

Ourbusiness could be adversely affected by a failure to obtain visas or work permits or to properly verify the employment eligibility ofour employees.

 

Althoughwe require all workers to provide us with government-specified documentation evidencing their employment eligibility, some of our employeesmay, without our knowledge, be unauthorized workers. Unauthorized workers are subject to deportation and may subject us to fines or penalties,and if any of our workers are found to be unauthorized, we could experience adverse publicity that may negatively impact our brand andmay make it more difficult to hire and keep qualified employees. Termination of a significant number of employees who are unauthorizedemployees may disrupt our operations, cause temporary increases in our labor costs as we train new employees and result in adverse publicity.We could also become subject to fines, penalties and other costs related to claims that we did not fully comply with all recordkeepingobligations of federal and state immigration compliance laws. These factors could materially adversely affect our business, financialcondition or results of operations.

 

Compliancewith environmental laws may negatively affect our business.

 

Weare subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning waste disposal, pollution, protection of the environment, andthe presence, discharge, storage, handling, release and disposal of, and exposure to, hazardous or toxic substances. These environmentallaws provide for significant fines and penalties for noncompliance and liabilities for remediation, sometimes without regard to whetherthe owner or operator of the property knew of, or was responsible for, the release or presence of hazardous toxic substances. Third partiesmay also make claims against owners or operators of properties for personal injuries and property damage associated with releases of,or actual or alleged exposure to, such hazardous or toxic substances at, on or from our restaurants. Environmental conditions relatingto releases of hazardous substances at prior, existing or future restaurant sites could materially adversely affect our business, financialcondition or results of operations. Further, environmental laws, and the administration, interpretation and enforcement thereof, aresubject to change and may become more stringent in the future, each of which could materially adversely affect our business, financialcondition or results of operations.

 

Changesin economic conditions could materially affect our ability to maintain or increase sales at our restaurants or open new restaurants.

 

Therestaurant industry depends on consumer discretionary spending. The United States in general or the specific markets in which we operatemay suffer from depressed economic activity, recessionary economic cycles, higher fuel or energy costs, low consumer confidence, highlevels of unemployment, reduced home values, increases in home foreclosures, investment losses, personal bankruptcies, reduced accessto credit or other economic factors that may affect consumers’ discretionary spending. Sales in our restaurants could decline ifconsumers choose to dine out less frequently or reduce the amount they spend on meals while dining out. Negative economic conditionsmight cause consumers to make long-term changes to their discretionary spending behavior, including dining out less frequently on a permanentbasis. If restaurant sales decrease, our profitability could decline as we spread fixed costs across a lower level of sales. Reductionsin staff levels, asset impairment charges and potential restaurant closures could result from prolonged negative restaurant sales, whichcould materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Newinformation or attitudes regarding diet and health could result in changes in regulations and consumer consumption habits that couldadversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Changesin attitudes regarding diet and health or new information regarding the adverse health effects of consuming certain foods could resultin changes in government regulation and consumer eating habits that may impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.These changes have resulted in, and may continue to result in, laws and regulations requiring us to disclose the nutritional contentof our food offerings, and they have resulted in, and may continue to result in, laws and regulations affecting permissible ingredientsand menu offerings. For example, a number of jurisdictions have enacted menu labeling laws requiring multi-unit restaurant operatorsto disclose to consumers certain nutritional information, or have enacted legislation restricting the use of certain types of ingredientsin restaurants. These requirements may be different or inconsistent with requirements we are subject to under the Patient Protectionand Affordable Care Act of 2010, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, collectively, the “ACA,”which establishes a uniform, federal requirement for certain restaurants to post nutritional information on their menus. Specifically,the ACA requires chain restaurants with 20 or more locations operating under the same name and offering substantially the same menusto publish the total number of calories of standard menu items on menus and menu boards, along with a statement that puts this calorieinformation in the context of a total daily calorie intake. The ACA also requires covered restaurants to provide to consumers, upon request,a written summary of detailed nutritional information for each standard menu item, and to provide a statement on menus and menu boardsabout the availability of this information upon request. Unfavorable publicity about, or guests’ reactions to, our menu ingredients,the size of our portions or the nutritional content of our menu items could negatively influence the demand for our offerings, therebyadversely affecting our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

20

 

 

Compliancewith current and future laws and regulations regarding the ingredients and nutritional content of our menu items may be costly and time-consuming.Additionally, if consumer health regulations or consumer eating habits change significantly, we may be required to modify or discontinuecertain menu items, and we may experience higher costs associated with the implementation of those changes, as well as adversely affectthe attractiveness of our restaurants to new or returning guests. We cannot predict the impact of any new nutrition labeling requirements.The risks and costs associated with nutritional disclosures on our menus could also impact our operations, particularly given differencesamong applicable legal requirements and practices within the restaurant industry with respect to testing and disclosure, ordinary variationsin food preparation among our own restaurants, and the need to rely on the accuracy and completeness of nutritional information obtainedfrom third-party suppliers.

 

Wemay not be able to effectively respond to changes in consumer health perceptions or successfully implement the nutrient content disclosurerequirements and to adapt our menu offerings to trends in eating habits. The imposition of menu labeling laws and an inability to keepup with consumer eating habits could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, as wellas our position within the restaurant industry in general.

 

Failureto comply with antibribery or anticorruption laws could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition or results ofoperations.

 

TheU.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other similar applicable laws prohibiting bribery of government officials and other corrupt practicesare the subject of increasing emphasis and enforcement around the world. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designedto promote compliance with these laws, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors, agents, or other third parties willnot take actions in violation of our policies or applicable law. Any such violations or suspected violations could subject us to civilor criminal penalties, including substantial fines and significant investigation costs, and could also materially damage our reputation,brands, international expansion efforts and growth prospects, business, financial condition and results of operations. Publicity relatingto any noncompliance or alleged noncompliance could also harm our reputation and adversely affect our business, financial condition orresults of operations.

 

Wemay need capital in the future, and we may not be able to raise that capital on favorable terms.

 

Developingour business will require significant capital in the future. To meet our capital needs, we expect to rely on equipment financing andfacility improvements, cash flows from operations, the proceeds from this offering, future offerings and other third-party financing.Third-party financing in the future may not, however, be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. Our ability to obtain additionalfunding will be subject to various factors, including market conditions, our operating performance, lender sentiment. These factors maymake the timing, amount, or terms and conditions of additional financings unattractive. Our inability to raise capital could impede ourgrowth and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

The Company, from time to time, has received borrowings froma related party controlled by James Chae, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, which may become repayable on demand.Any unexpected calls for repayment of a significant amount of such borrowings may adversely affect our business.

 

The Company, from time to time, has received unsecured borrowings fromAPIIS Financial Group, a company controlled by our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Chae, which is unsecured, non-interest bearing,and is repayable on demand. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the balance was $1,337,590 and $911,411, respectively. IfAPIIS Financial Group chooses to call for repayment of a significant of such borrowings, the Company may be unable to procure the cashnecessary and may need to liquidate some of its assets in order to make such payment, which may adversely impact our operations. Anyfailure to service such indebtedness or comply with any such obligations may also cause us to incur legal fees if lender brings an actionfor breach of contract, or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operation and prospects.

 

Weare subject to all of the risks associated with leasing space subject to long-term non-cancelable leases.

 

Wedo not own any real property. Payments under our operating leases account for a significant portion of our operating expenses and weexpect the new restaurants we open in the future will similarly be leased. The majority of our operating leases have lease terms of 10years, inclusive of customary extensions which are at the option of the Company. Most of our leases require a fixed annual rent whichgenerally increases each year, and some require the payment of additional rent if restaurant sales exceed a negotiated amount. Generally,our leases are “net” leases, which require us to pay all of the cost of insurance, taxes, maintenance and utilities. We generallycannot cancel these leases. Additional sites that we lease are likely to be subject to similar long-term non-cancelable leases. If anexisting or future restaurant is not profitable, and we decide to close it, we may nonetheless be committed to perform our obligationsunder the applicable lease including, among other things, paying the base rent for the balance of the lease term. In addition, as eachof our leases expires, we may fail to negotiate renewals, either on commercially acceptable terms or at all, which could cause us topay increased occupancy costs or to close restaurants in desirable locations. If we fail to negotiate renewals, we may have to disposeof assets at such restaurant locations and incur closure costs as well as impairment of property and equipment. Furthermore, if we failto negotiate renewals, we may incur additional costs associated with moving transferable furniture, fixtures and equipment. These potentialincreased occupancy and moving costs, as well as closures of restaurants, could materially adversely affect our business, financial conditionor results of operations.

 

21

 

 

Macroeconomicconditions, including economic downturns, may cause landlords of our leases to be unable to obtain financing or remain in good standingunder their existing financing arrangements, resulting in failures to pay required tenant improvement allowances or satisfy other leasecovenants to us. In addition, tenants at shopping centers in which we are located or have executed leases, or to which our locationsare near, may fail to open or may cease operations. Decreases in total tenant occupancy in shopping centers in which we are located,or to which our locations are near, may affect traffic at our restaurants. All of these factors could have a material adverse impacton our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Wemay become involved in lawsuits involving Yoshiharu Asset Co. as the owner of intellectual property, or us as a licensee of intellectualproperty from Yoshiharu Asset Co., to protect or enforce intellectual property rights, which could be expensive, time consuming, andunsuccessful.

 

Thirdparties may sue Yoshiharu Asset Co., our wholly owned subsidiary, or us for alleged infringement of their proprietary rights. The partyclaiming infringement might have greater resources than we do to pursue its claims, and we could be forced to incur substantial costsand devote significant management resources to defend against such litigation, even if the claims are meritless and even if we ultimatelyprevail. If the party claiming infringement were to prevail, we could be forced to pay significant damages, or enter into expensive royaltyor licensing arrangements with the prevailing party. In addition, any payments we are required to make, and any injunction we are requiredto comply with as a result of such infringement, could harm our reputation and our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Infringementson Yoshiharu Asset Co.’s intellectual property rights, including Yoshiharu Asset Co.’s service marks and trade secrets, couldresult in additional expense and could devalue our brand equity, as well as substantially affect our business, financial condition orresults of operations.

 

Otherparties may infringe on our intellectual property rights, including those which we develop or otherwise license to use, and may therebydilute our brand in the marketplace. Any such infringement of our intellectual property rights would also likely result in a commitmentof our time and resources to protect these rights through litigation or otherwise.

 

Ourbusiness prospects depend in part on our ability to develop favorable consumer recognition of the Yoshiharu name. Although the “YOSHIHARURAMEN” word and design marks are federally registered marks owned by Yoshiharu Asset Co., such marks could be imitated in waysthat we or Yoshiharu Asset Co. cannot prevent. Alternatively, third parties may attempt to cause us to change our name or not operatein a certain geographic region if our name is confusingly similar to their name. In addition, we rely on trade secrets, proprietary know-how,concepts, and recipes, some of which we license from Yoshiharu Asset Co. Our methods or Yoshiharu Asset Co.’s methods of protectingthis information may not be adequate. Moreover, we or Yoshiharu Asset Co. may face claims of misappropriation or infringement of thirdparties’ rights that could interfere with our use of this information. Defending these claims may be costly and, if unsuccessful,may prevent us from continuing to use this proprietary information in the future, and may result in a judgment or monetary damages. Wedo not maintain confidentiality and non-competition agreements with all of our executives, key personnel, or suppliers. If competitorsindependently develop or otherwise obtain access to the trade secrets, proprietary know-how, concepts, or recipes we rely upon to operateour restaurants, some of which we license from Yoshiharu Asset Co., the appeal of our restaurants could be significantly reduced andour business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

22

 

 

Abreach of security of confidential consumer information related to our electronic processing of credit and debit card transactions, aswell as a breach of security of our employee information, could substantially affect our reputation, business, financial condition ofresults of operations.

 

Themajority of our restaurant sales are by credit or debit cards. Other restaurants and retailers have experienced security breaches inwhich credit and debit card information has been stolen. We may in the future become subject to claims for purportedly fraudulent transactionsarising out of the actual or alleged theft of credit or debit card information, and we may also be subject to lawsuits or other proceedingsrelating to these types of incidents. We may ultimately be held liable for the unauthorized use of a cardholder’s card number inan illegal activity and be required by card issuers to pay charge-back fees. In addition, most states have enacted legislation requiringnotification of security breaches involving personal information, including credit and debit card information. Any such claim or proceedingcould cause us to incur significant unplanned expenses, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or resultsof operations. Further, adverse publicity resulting from these allegations may have a material adverse effect on us and could substantiallyaffect our reputation and business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Inaddition, our business requires the collection, transmission and retention of large volumes of guest and employee data, including personallyidentifiable information, in various information technology systems that we maintain and in those maintained by third parties with whomwe contract to provide services. The collection and use of such information is regulated at the federal and state levels, as well asat the international level, in which regulatory requirements have been increasing. As our environment continues to evolve in the digitalage and reliance upon new technologies becomes more prevalent, it is imperative we secure the privacy and sensitive information we collect.Failure to do so, whether through fault of our own information systems or those of outsourced third-party providers, could not only causeus to fail to comply with these laws and regulations, but also could cause us to face litigation and penalties that could adversely affectour business, financial condition or results of operations. Our brand’s reputation and image as an employer could also be harmedby these types of security breaches or regulatory violations.

 

Werely significantly on information technology, and any material failure, weakness, interruption or breach of security could prevent usfrom effectively operating our business.

 

Werely significantly on information systems, including point-of-sale processing in our restaurants for management of our supply chain,payment of obligations, collection of cash, credit and debit card transactions and other processes and procedures. Our ability to efficientlyand effectively manage our business depends significantly on the reliability and capacity of these systems. Failures of these systemsto operate effectively, maintenance problems, upgrading or transitioning to new platforms, or a breach in security of these systems couldresult in delays in customer service and reduce efficiency in our operations. Remediation of such problems could result in significant,unplanned capital investments.

 

Ourmarketing programs may not be successful, and our new menu items, advertising campaigns and restaurant designs and remodels may not generateincreased sales or profits.

 

Weincur costs and expend other resources in our marketing efforts on new menu items, advertising campaigns and restaurant designs and remodelsto raise brand awareness and attract and retain guests. These initiatives may not be successful, resulting in expenses incurred withoutthe benefit of higher sales. Additionally, some of our competitors have greater financial resources, which enable them to spend significantlymore on marketing and advertising and other initiatives than we are able to. Should our competitors increase spending on marketing andadvertising and other initiatives or our marketing funds decrease for any reason, or should our advertising, promotions, new menu itemsand restaurant designs and remodels be less effective than our competitors, there could be a material adverse effect on our business,financial condition or results of operations.

 

Ourinability or failure to recognize, respond to and effectively manage the accelerated impact of social media could materially adverselyimpact our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Ourmarketing efforts rely heavily on the use of social media. In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the use of social mediaplatforms, including weblogs (blogs), mini-blogs, chat platforms, social media websites, and other forms of Internet-based communicationswhich allow individuals access to a broad audience of consumers and other interested persons. Many of our competitors are expanding theiruse of social media, and new social media platforms are rapidly being developed, potentially making more traditional social media platformsobsolete. As a result, we need to continuously innovate and develop our social media strategies in order to maintain broad appeal withguests and brand relevance. We also continue to invest in other digital marketing initiatives that allow us to reach our guests acrossmultiple digital channels and build their awareness of, engagement with, and loyalty to our brand. These initiatives may not be successful,resulting in expenses incurred without the benefit of higher sales or increased brand recognition.

 

23

 

 

Wecould be party to litigation that could adversely affect us by distracting management, increasing our expenses or subjecting us to materialmoney damages and other remedies.

 

Ourguests may file complaints or lawsuits against us alleging we caused an illness or injury they suffered at or after a visit to our restaurants,or that we have problems with food quality or operations. We may also be subject to a variety of other claims arising in the ordinarycourse of our business, including personal injury claims, contract claims and claims alleging violations of federal and state law regardingworkplace and employment matters, equal opportunity, discrimination and similar matters, and we are presently subject to class actionand other lawsuits with regard to certain of these matters and could become subject to additional class action or other lawsuits relatedto these or different matters in the future. Regardless of whether any claims against us are valid, or whether we are ultimately heldliable, claims may be expensive to defend and may divert time and money away from our operations and hurt our performance. A judgmentin excess of our insurance coverage for any claims could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or resultsof operations. Any adverse publicity resulting from these allegations may also materially and adversely affect our reputation or prospects,which in turn could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Weare subject to state and local “dram shop” statutes, which may subject us to uninsured liabilities. These statutes generallyallow a person injured by an intoxicated person to recover damages from an establishment that wrongfully served alcoholic beverages tothe intoxicated person. Because a plaintiff may seek punitive damages, which may not be fully covered by insurance, this type of actioncould have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations. A judgment in such an action significantlyin excess of, or not covered by, our insurance coverage could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.Further, adverse publicity resulting from any such allegations may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Ourcurrent insurance may not provide adequate levels of coverage against claims.

 

Thereare types of losses we may incur that cannot be insured against or that we believe are not economically reasonable to insure. Such lossescould have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, our current insurancepolicies may not be adequate to protect us from liabilities that we incur in our business in areas such as workers’ compensation,general liability, auto and property. In the future, our insurance premiums may increase, and we may not be able to obtain similar levelsof insurance on reasonable terms, or at all. Any substantial inadequacy of, or inability to obtain, insurance coverage could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. As a public company, we intend to obtain directors’and officers’ insurance. While we expect to obtain such coverage, we may not be able to obtain such coverage at all or at a reasonablecost now or in the future. Failure to obtain and maintain adequate directors’ and officers’ insurance would likely adverselyaffect our ability to attract and retain qualified officers and directors.

 

Failureto obtain and maintain required licenses and permits or to comply with alcoholic beverage or food control regulations could lead to theloss of our liquor and food service licenses and, thereby, harm our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Therestaurant industry is subject to various federal, state and local government regulations, including those relating to the sale of foodand alcoholic beverages. Such regulations are subject to change from time to time. The failure to obtain and maintain licenses, permitsand approvals relating to such regulations could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Typically,licenses must be renewed annually and may be revoked, suspended or denied renewal for cause at any time if governmental authorities determinethat our conduct violates applicable regulations. Difficulties or failure to maintain or obtain the required licenses and approvals couldadversely affect our existing restaurants and delay or result in our decision to cancel the opening of new restaurants, which would adverselyaffect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

24

 

 

Alcoholicbeverage control regulations generally require our restaurants to apply to a state authority and, in certain locations, county or municipalauthorities for a license that must be renewed annually and may be revoked or suspended for cause at any time. Alcoholic beverage controlregulations relate to numerous aspects of daily operations of our restaurants, including minimum age of patrons and employees, hoursof operation, advertising, trade practices, wholesale purchasing, other relationships with alcohol manufacturers, wholesalers and distributors,inventory control and handling, storage and dispensing of alcoholic beverages. Any future failure to comply with these regulations andobtain or retain liquor licenses could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. 

 

Ifwe fail to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately reportour financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in our company.

 

Ifmaterial weaknesses or control deficiencies occur in the future, we may be unable to report our financial results accurately on a timelybasis, which could cause our reported financial results to be materially misstated and result in the loss of investor confidence or delistingand cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

 

Wehave not performed an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting, such as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-OxleyAct, nor have we engaged our independent registered public accounting firm to perform an audit of our internal control over financialreporting as of any balance sheet date or for any period reported in our financial statements.

 

Changesto accounting rules or regulations may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Changesto existing accounting rules or regulations may impact our business, financial condition or results of operations. Other new accountingrules or regulations and varying interpretations of existing accounting rules or regulations have occurred and may occur in the future.For instance, accounting regulatory authorities have recently issued new accounting rules which require lessees to capitalize operatingleases in their financial statements in the next few years. When adopted, such change would require us to record significant operatinglease obligations on our balance sheet and make other changes to our financial statements. This and other future changes to accountingrules or regulations could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Wewill incur increased costs as a result of being a public company.

 

Asa public company, we expect to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company, particularlyafter we are no longer an “emerging growth company” as defined under the JOBS Act. In addition, new and changing laws, regulationsand standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Dodd-Frank Act and the rules and regulations promulgatedand to be promulgated thereunder, as well as under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the JOBS Act, have created uncertainty for public companiesand increased costs and time that boards of directors and management must devote to complying with these rules and regulations. The Sarbanes-OxleyAct and related rules of the SEC and the Nasdaq Stock Market regulate corporate governance practices of public companies. We expect compliancewith these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and lead to a diversion of management time andattention from sales-generating activities. For example, we will be required to adopt new internal controls and disclosure controls andprocedures. In addition, we will incur additional expenses associated with our SEC reporting requirements and increased compensationfor our management team. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we will incur as a public company or the specifictiming of such costs.

 

25

 

 

Weare an “emerging growth company,” and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting and disclosure requirements applicableto emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

 

Foras long as we remain an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act, we may take advantage of certain exemptionsfrom various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.”These exceptions provide for, but are not limited to, relief from the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-OxleyAct, less extensive disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, exemptionsfrom the requirements to hold a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute paymentsnot previously approved and an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. We may take advantageof these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” We will remain an “emerging growthcompany” until the earliest of: (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have $1.07 billion or more in annual gross revenues;(ii) the date on which we become a “large accelerated filer” (which means the year-end at which the total market value ofour common equity securities held by non-affiliates is $700 million or more as of the last business day of our most recently completedsecond fiscal quarter); (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion of non-convertible debt securities over a three-yearperiod; and (iv) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering. We cannot predict ifinvestors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stockto be less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and the market price of our commonstock may be more volatile.

 

Ourmanagement does not have experience managing a U.S. public company and our current resources may not be sufficient to fulfill our publiccompany obligations.

 

Followingthe closing of this offering, we will be subject to various regulatory requirements, including those of the SEC and Nasdaq Stock Market.These requirements include recordkeeping, financial reporting and corporate governance rules and regulations. Our management team doesnot have experience in managing a U.S. public company and, historically, has not had the resources typically found in a public company.Our internal infrastructure may not be adequate to support our increased reporting obligations and we may be unable to hire, train orretain necessary staff and may be reliant on engaging outside consultants or professionals to overcome our lack of experience or employees.Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected if our internal infrastructure is inadequate,including if we are unable to engage outside consultants or are otherwise unable to fulfill our public company obligations.

 

Pursuantto the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internalcontrol over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for so long as we are an “emerging growth company.”

 

Section404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting,starting with the second annual report that we file with the SEC as a public company, and generally requires in the same report a reportby our independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. However,under the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internalcontrol over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act until we are no longer an “emerging growth company.”We will be an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of: (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have $1.07billion or more in annual gross revenues; (ii) the date on which we become a “large accelerated filer” (which means the year-endat which the total market value of our common equity securities held by non-affiliates is $700 million or more as of the last businessday of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter); (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion of non-convertibledebt securities over a three-year period; and (iv) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial publicoffering.

 

Inaddition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extendedtransition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. An “emerginggrowth company” can therefore delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply toprivate companies. However, we are choosing to “opt out” of such extended transition period and, as a result, we will complywith new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growthcompanies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that our decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with newor revised accounting standards is irrevocable.

 

Theongoing COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, our operations, financial condition, liquidityand financial results.

 

Ourbusiness has been significantly adversely affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States. This contagious virus, which has continuedto spread, has adversely affected workforces, customers, economies and financial markets globally. In response to this outbreak, manystate and local authorities had mandated the temporary closure of non-essential businesses and dine-in restaurant activity or limitedindoor dining capacities. The Company felt direct impact through reduced revenues through periods of time in 2020 and 2021 when restaurantlocations were forced into closure or into limited capacities. Revenues were $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, comparedto $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The three restaurant locations that were open through all of 2020 each experiencedsignificant sales declines. Combined average monthly sales for these locations decreased 36.8% for the year ended December 31, 2020.The Company attempted to mitigate the impact of reduced inside dining through expansion of food delivery operations during the pandemicaffected periods.

 

Aprolonged occurrence of COVID-19 may result in restaurant re-closures, prohibition on indoor dining, and further restrictions, includingpossible travel restrictions and additional restrictions on the restaurant industry. Our efforts to mitigate the effect of COVID-19 onour business or the economic downturn may be unsuccessful, and we may not be able to commence operations in a timeframe that is sufficientor otherwise take actions in response to developments with regard to the pandemic. The future sales levels of our restaurants and ourability to implement our growth strategy remain highly uncertain, as the full impact and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic continuesto evolve.

 

26

 

 

RisksRelated to Ownership of Our Securities

 

Theremay be an adverse effect on the value and liquidity of our Class A common stock and our warrants due to the disparate voting rights ofour Class A common stock and our Class B common stock.

 

Withthe exception of voting rights and certain conversion rights for the Class B common stock, holders of our Class A common stock and ClassB common stock have identical rights. On all matters to be voted on by stockholders, holders of our Class A common stock are entitledto one vote per share while holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to 10 votes per share. The difference in the voting rightsof our Class A common stock and Class B common stock could adversely affect the value of the Class A common stock to the extent thatany investor or potential future purchaser of our Class A common stock ascribes value to the superior voting rights of our Class B commonstock. The existence of two separate classes of common stock could result in less liquidity for our Class A common stock than if therewere only one class of our common stock. In addition, if we issue additional shares of Class B common stock in the future, there willbe further dilution to investors or potential future purchasers of our Class A common stock. See “Description of Capital Stock”for a description of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock and the rights associated with them.

 

Thereis no existing market for our common stock or our warrants and we do not know if one will develop. Even if a market does develop, thestock prices in the market may not exceed the offering price.

 

Priorto this offering, there has not been a public market for our securities or any of our equity interests. We cannot predict the extentto which investor interest in our company will lead to the development of an active trading market on the Nasdaq Capital Market, or howliquid that market may become. An active public market for our Class A common stock or warrants may not develop or be sustained afterthe offering. If an active trading market does not develop or is not sustained, you may have difficulty selling any shares that you buy.

 

Theinitial public offering price for the units will be determined by negotiations among us and the representative of the underwriters basedupon several factors, including prevailing market conditions, our historical performance, estimates of our business potential and earningsprospects, and the market valuations of similar companies, and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the open market followingthis offering. The price at which our securities are traded after this offering may decline below the initial public offering price,meaning that you may experience a decrease in the value of your Class A common stock and warrants regardless of our operating performanceor prospects.

 

Ourquarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly and could fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors dueto seasonality and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, resulting in a decline in our stock price.

 

  Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly because of several factors, including:
     
  the timing of new restaurant openings and related expense;
     
  restaurant operating costs for our newly-opened restaurants, which are often materially greater during the first several months of operation than thereafter;
     
  labor availability and costs for hourly and management personnel;
     
  profitability of our restaurants, especially in new markets;
     
  changes in interest rates;
     
  increases and decreases in Average Unit Volumes and comparable restaurant sales;
     
  impairment of long-lived assets and any loss on restaurant closures;

 

27

 

 

  macroeconomic conditions, both nationally and locally;
     
  negative publicity relating to the consumption of meat or seafood or other food products we serve;
     
  changes in consumer preferences and competitive conditions;
     
  expansion in existing and new markets;
     
  increases in infrastructure costs; and
     
  fluctuations in commodity prices.

 

Seasonalfactors and the timing of holidays also cause our sales to fluctuate from quarter to quarter. As a result of these factors, our quarterlyand annual operating results and comparable restaurant sales may fluctuate significantly. Accordingly, results for any one quarter arenot necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other quarter or for any year and comparable restaurant sales for any particularfuture period may decrease. In addition, as we expand by opening more restaurants in cold weather climates, the seasonality of our businessmay be amplified. In the future, operating results may fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. In that event,the price of our securities could be adversely impacted.

 

Theprice of our securities may be volatile and you may lose all or part of your investment.

 

Themarket price of our securities could fluctuate significantly, and you may not be able to resell your securities at or above the offeringprice. Those fluctuations could be based on various factors in addition to those otherwise described in this prospectus, including thosedescribed under “—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry” and the following:

 

  our operating performance and the performance of our competitors or restaurant companies in general;
     
  the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC;
     
  changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by research analysts who follow us or other companies in our industry;
     
  global, national or local economic, legal and regulatory factors unrelated to our performance;
     
  the number of securities to be publicly traded after this offering;
     
  future sales of our common stock or our equity interests by our officers, directors and significant stockholders;
     
  the arrival or departure of key personnel; and
     
  other developments affecting us, our industry or our competitors.

 

Inaddition, in recent years the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. These fluctuations may be unrelatedto the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may cause declines in the market price of our securities.The price of our securities could fluctuate based upon factors that have little or nothing to do with our business, financial conditionor results of operations, and those fluctuations could adversely impact the market price of our securities.

 

28

 

 

Futuresales of our common stock, or the perception that such sales may occur, could depress the market price of our securities.

 

Salesof a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur, following thisoffering could depress the market price of our securities. This would include sales by James Chae, as detailed below under “RiskFactors—Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure—Future sales of our shares by James Chae could depress the marketprice of our securities.” Our executive officers and directors and holders of all of our options and equity interests, includingJames Chae, have agreed with the underwriters not to offer, sell, dispose of or hedge any shares of common stock or securities convertibleinto or exchangeable for shares of common stock (including shares of our Class B common stock), subject to specified limited exceptionsand extensions described elsewhere in this prospectus, during the period ending 12 months after the date of the final prospectus, exceptwith the prior written consent of the representative of the underwriters. See “Underwriting.”

 

Ourcertificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 49,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 1,000,000 shares of Class B commonstock, of which, as of the date of this prospectus, 9,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 1,000,000 shares of ClassB common stock are outstanding. The shares of Class A common stock offered in this offering will be freely tradable without restrictionunder the Securities Act, except for any shares of our common stock that may be held or acquired by our directors, executive officers,a consultant and other affiliates, as that term is defined in the Securities Act, which will be restricted securities under the SecuritiesAct. Restricted securities may not be sold in the public market unless the sale is registered under the Securities Act or an exemptionfrom registration is available.

 

Afterthe expiration of the lock-up agreements, shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock held by our affiliates will continueto be subject to the volume and other restrictions of Rule 144 under the Securities Act. The representative of the underwriters may,in its sole discretion and at any time without notice, release all or any portion of the shares subject to the lock-up. See “Underwriting.”

 

Thewarrants may not have any value.

 

Thewarrants will be exercisable for five years from the date of initial issuance at an initial exercise price equal to 125% of the publicoffering price per unit set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. There can be no assurance that the market price of our sharesof Class A common stock will ever equal or exceed the exercise price of the warrants. In the event that the stock price of our sharesof Class A common stock does not exceed the exercise price of the warrants during the period when the warrants are exercisable, the warrantsmay not have any value.

 

Holdersof warrants purchased in this offering will have no rights as stockholders until such holders exercise their warrants and acquire ourshares of common stock.

 

Untilholders of the warrants purchased in this offering acquire shares of common stock upon exercise thereof, such holders will have no rightswith respect to the shares of common stock underlying the warrants. Upon exercise of the warrants, the holders will be entitled to exercisethe rights of a stockholder only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the date they were entered in the register of membersof the Company as a stockholder.

 

Ifyou purchase shares of our common stock sold in this offering, you will incur immediate and substantial dilution.

 

If you purchase shares of our Class A common stock in this offering,you will incur immediate and substantial dilution in the amount of $3.15 per share (or $3.21 per share if theunderwriters exercise their over-allotment option) because the initial public offering price of $4.50 per share issubstantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our outstanding Class A common stock. This dilution isdue in large part to the fact that our first shareholders paid substantially less than the initial public offering price when theypurchased their shares. See “Dilution.”

 

29

 

 

Ifsecurities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our marketprice and trading volume could decline.

 

Thetrading market for our securities will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish aboutus or our business. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by securities and industry analysts. If no securitiesor industry analysts commence coverage of our company, the trading price for our securities would be negatively impacted. If we obtainsecurities or industry analyst coverage and if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrades our securities or publishes inaccurateor unfavorable research about our business, our market price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage ofus or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our securities could decrease, which could cause our market prices and tradingvolume to decline.

 

Wedo not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

 

Wemay retain future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion and debt repayment and have no current plans to pay any cash dividendsfor the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare and pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directorsand will depend on, among other things, our financial condition, results of operations, cash requirements, contractual restrictions andsuch other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. Our ability to pay dividends may also be limited by covenants under anyfuture outstanding indebtedness we, our subsidiaries or affiliates incur. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investmentin our common stock unless you sell our common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it. See “Dividend Policy.”

 

Provisionsin our charter documents and Delaware law may delay or prevent our acquisition by a third party.

 

Ourcertificate of incorporation and bylaws, and Delaware law, contain several provisions that may make it more difficult for a third partyto acquire control of us without the approval of our board of directors. These provisions may make it more difficult or expensive fora third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding equity interests. These provisions also may delay, prevent or deter a merger,acquisition, tender offer, proxy contest or other transaction that might otherwise result in our stockholders receiving a premium overthe market price for their common stock. See “Description of Securities.”

 

Ourbylaws, each to be effective in connection with the completion of this offering, will contain an exclusive forum provision, which couldlimit a stockholder’s ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees.

 

Ourbylaws, to be effective in connection with the completion of this offering, will contain an exclusive forum provision providing thatthe Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding broughton our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by, or other wrongdoing by, any of our directors,officers, employees, agents or stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim that is governed by the internalaffairs doctrine. However, Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce anyduty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the exclusive forum provision willnot apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courtshave exclusive jurisdiction. In addition, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courtsover all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result,the exclusive forum provisions will not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or anyother claim for which the federal and state courts have concurrent jurisdiction, and our stockholders will not be deemed to have waivedour compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

 

Anyperson purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to haveconsented to this provision of our bylaws which we will adopt prior to the completion of this offering. The exclusive forum provisions,if enforced, may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with usor our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find the exclusiveforum provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such actionin other jurisdictions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growthprospects. For example, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware recently determined that a provision stating that U.S. federaldistrict courts are the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act is notenforceable.

 

30

 

 

Nasdaqmay delist our securities from trading on its exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our securitiesand subject us to additional trading restrictions.

 

Weintend to apply to have our Class A common stock and warrants listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Although after giving effect to thisoffering we expect to meet, on a pro forma basis, the minimum initial listing standards set forth in the Nasdaq listing standards, wecannot assure you that our securities will be, or will continue to be, listed on Nasdaq in the future.

 

IfNasdaq delists our securities from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our securities on another national securitiesexchange, we expect our securities could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant materialadverse consequences, including:

 

  a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;

 

  reduced liquidity for our securities;

 

  a determination that our Class A common stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our Class A common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;

 

  a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and

 

  a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

 

Ourwarrant agreement will designate the courts of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District ofNew York as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by holders of our warrantswhich could limit the ability of warrant to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with our Company.

 

Ourwarrant agreement will provide that, subject to applicable law, (i) any action, proceeding or claim against us arising out of or relatingin any way to the warrant agreement, including under the Securities Act, will be brought and enforced in the courts of the State of NewYork or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and (ii) that we irrevocably submit to such jurisdiction,which jurisdiction shall be the exclusive forum for any such action, proceeding or claim. We will waive any objection to such exclusivejurisdiction and that such courts represent an inconvenient forum.

 

Notwithstandingthe foregoing, these provisions of the warrant agreement will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created bythe Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal district courts of the United States of America are the sole and exclusiveforum. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any of our warrants or rights shall be deemed to have noticeof and to have consented to the forum provisions in our warrant agreement or rights agreement, as applicable. If any action, the subjectmatter of which is within the scope the forum provisions of the warrant agreement or rights agreement, is filed in a court other thana court of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (a “foreign action”)in the name of any holder of our warrants or rights, such holder shall be deemed to have consented to: (x) the personal jurisdictionof the state and federal courts located in the State of New York in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce theforum provisions (an “enforcement action”), and (y) having service of process made upon such warrant holder or right holderin any such enforcement action by service upon such warrant or right holder’s counsel in the foreign action as agent for such warrantor right holder.

 

Thischoice-of-forum provision may limit a warrant holder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable fordisputes with our Company, which may discourage such lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find this provision of our warrant agreementinapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costsassociated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial conditionand results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our management and board of directors.

 

31

 

 

RisksRelated to Our Organizational Structure

 

Weare controlled by James Chae, whose interests may differ from those of our other stockholders.

 

Immediatelyfollowing this offering and the application of net proceeds from this offering, James Chae will control approximately 74.4% ofthe combined voting power of our equity interests through their ownership of both Class A common stock and Class B common stock. JamesChae will, for the foreseeable future, have significant influence over corporate management and affairs, and will be able to controlvirtually all matters requiring stockholder approval so long as James Chae owns a majority of the combined voting power of our outstandingequity interests. Following this offering, if James Chae continues to own at least 1,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, JamesChae will own a majority of the combined voting power of our outstanding equity interests, and effectively control the outcome of matterssubmitted to stockholders that require a majority vote assuming 13,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 1,000,000shares of Class B common stock outstanding as of the completion of this offering. James Chae is able to, subject to applicable law, electa majority of the members of our board of directors and control actions to be taken by us and our board of directors, including amendmentsto our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and approval of significant corporate transactions, including, among other matters, mergersand sales of substantially all of our assets, as well as incurrence of indebtedness by us. The directors so elected will have the authority,subject to the terms of our indebtedness and applicable rules and regulations, to issue additional stock, implement stock repurchaseprograms, declare dividends and make other decisions. It is possible that the interests of James Chae may in some circumstances conflictwith our interests and the interests of our other stockholders, including you. For example, James Chae may have different tax positionsfrom us that could influence their decisions regarding whether and when to dispose of assets and whether and when to incur new or refinanceexisting indebtedness. Such indebtedness could contain covenants that prevent us from declaring dividends to stockholders. In addition,the determination of future tax reporting positions and the structuring of future transactions may take into consideration James Chae’stax or other considerations, which may differ from our considerations or our other stockholders. For additional information about ourrelationships with James Chae, you should read the information under the headings “Principal Stockholders” and “CertainRelationships and Related Party Transactions”.

 

Weare a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq listing standards and, as a result, will qualify for, and intendto rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. You will not have the same protections afforded to stockholdersof companies that are subject to such requirements.

 

Immediatelyfollowing this offering and the application of net proceeds from this offering, James Chae will control approximately 74.4% ofthe combined voting power of our equity interests through their ownership of both Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Becauseof the voting power of James Chae, we are considered a “controlled company” for the purposes of the Nasdaq Stock Market.As such, we are exempt from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market, including the requirement that(i) a majority of our board of directors consist of independent directors, (ii) director nominees be selected or recommendedto the board by independent directors or an independent nominating committee, and (iii) we have a compensation committee thatis composed entirely of independent directors. While we have elected to comply with the requirements that a majority of our boardconsist of independent directors and that our compensation committee be composed entirely of independent directors, we will not havea Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Further, so long as we are considered a “controlled company” under the NasdaqStock Market requirements, our Compensation Committee may not always consist entirely of independent directors. Accordingly, you willnot have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirementsof the Nasdaq Stock Market.

 

Theinterests of James Chae may conflict with ours or yours in the future.

 

Variousconflicts of interest between James Chae and us could arise. Ownership interests of directors or officers of James Chae in our commonstock, could create or appear to create potential conflicts of interest when those directors and officers are faced with decisions thatcould have different implications for James Chae. These decisions could, for example, relate to:

 

  disagreement over corporate opportunities;

 

32

 

 

  management stock ownership;
     
  employee retention or recruiting;
     
  our dividend policy; and
     
  the services and arrangements from which we benefit as a result of its relationship with James Chae.

 

Potentialconflicts of interest could also arise if we enter into any new commercial arrangements with James Chae in the future.

 

Futuresales of our shares by James Chae could depress the price of our securities.

 

Afterthis offering, and subject to the lock-up period described below, James Chae may sell all or a portion of the shares of our Class A commonstock and Class B common stock that he owns (which shares of Class B common stock would be converted automatically into Class A sharesin connection with any sale). Sales by James Chae in the public market could depress the price of our securities. James Chae is not subjectto any contractual obligation to maintain any ownership position in our shares, except that it has agreed not to sell or otherwise disposeof any of our equity interests for a period ending 12 months after the date of the final prospectus without the prior written consentof the representative of the underwriters, subject to specified limited exceptions and extensions described in “Underwriting.”Consequently, James Chae may decide not to maintain his ownership of our equity interests once the lock-up period expires.

 

SPECIALNOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

Thisprospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are contained principallyin “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditionand Results of Operations” and “Business.” In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms suchas “target,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “objective,” “intend,” “should,”“could,” “can,” “would,” “expect,” “believe,” “design,” “estimate,”“continue,” “predict,” “potential,” “plan,” “anticipate” or the negativeof these terms, and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current views withrespect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties. Given these assumptions, risks and uncertainties,you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertaintiesthat may cause actual results to differ materially from those that we expected, including:

 

  our ability to successfully maintain increases in our comparable restaurant sales and AUVs;
     
  our ability to successfully execute our growth strategy and open new restaurants that are profitable;
     
  our ability to expand in existing and new markets;
     
  our projected growth in the number of our restaurants;
     
  macroeconomic conditions and other economic factors;
     
  our ability to compete with many other restaurants;
     
  our ability to successfully implement a franchise program;
     
  our reliance on vendors, suppliers and distributors;
     
  concerns regarding food safety and foodborne illness;
     
  changes in consumer preferences and the level of acceptance of our restaurant concept in new markets;

 

33

 

 

  minimum wage increases and mandated employee benefits that could cause a significant increase in our labor costs;
     
  the failure of our automated equipment or information technology systems or the breach of our network security;
     
  the loss of key members of our management team;
     
  the impact of governmental laws and regulations; and
     
  volatility in the price of our listed securities.

 

Wediscuss many of these risks in this prospectus in greater detail under the heading “Risk Factors.” Also, these forward-lookingstatements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this prospectus. Unless required by United States federal securitieslaws, we do not intend to update any of these forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the statementis made.

 

Themarket data and certain other statistical information used throughout this prospectus are based on independent industry publications,governmental publications, reports by market research firms or other independent sources. Some data are also based on our good faithestimates. Although we believe these third-party sources are reliable, we have not independently verified the information attributedto these third-party sources and cannot guarantee its accuracy and completeness. Similarly, our estimates have not been verified by anyindependent source.

 

Youshould read this prospectus and the documents that we reference in this prospectus and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement,of which this prospectus is a part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially differentfrom what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

 

34

 

 

USEOF PROCEEDS

 

Weestimate that the net proceeds we will receive from this offering will be approximately $16,380,000 based on an assumed initialpublic offering price of $4.50 per unit, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus, afterdeducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us and excluding proceeds received fromthe exercise of our warrants. If the underwriters’ option to purchase additional units in this offering from us is exercised infull, our net proceeds will be approximately $18,837,000 after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimatedoffering expenses payable by us and excluding proceeds received from the exercise of our warrants.

 

Each$1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $4.50 per unit, after deducting estimated underwritingdiscounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, would increase (decrease) net proceeds to us from this offeringby approximately $3,640,000, that the number of units offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remainsthe same. We may also increase or decrease the number of units we are offering. Each 100,000 increase (decrease) in the number of unitswe are offering would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $410,000, assuming no changein the assumed initial public offering price per unit.

 

Weplan to use the net proceeds of this offering as follows:

 

  25% of the net proceeds (approximately $4.4 million without the over-allotment option, or approximately $4.7 million with the over-allotment option) for our expansion and development of new corporate owned restaurant locations during the year ending December 31, 2022;
  25% of the net proceeds (approximately $4.4 million without the over-allotment option, or approximately $4.7 million with the over-allotment option) for the expansion of our distribution capabilities, including centralized warehousing, storage and delivery;
  25% of the net proceeds (approximately $4.4 million without the over-allotment option, or approximately $4.7 million with the over-allotment option) for the development of our franchise program. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not have a franchise program; and
  25% of the net proceeds (approximately $4.4 million without the over-allotment option, or approximately $4.7 million with the over-allotment option) for general working capital and other corporate purposes.

 

Ourexpected use of net proceeds from this offering represents our current intentions based upon our present plans and business condition.As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot predict with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to be received uponthe completion of this offering or the amounts that we will actually spend. The amounts and timing of our actual use of net proceedswill vary depending on numerous factors. As a result, our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceedsof this offering, and investors will be relying on our judgment regarding the application of the net proceeds.

 

Pending other uses, we intend to invest the proceeds to us in investment-grade,interest-bearing securities such as money market funds, certificates of deposit, or direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government,or hold as cash. We cannot predict whether the proceeds invested will yield a favorable return.

 

35

 

 

DIVIDENDPOLICY

 

Nodividends have been declared or paid on our equity interests. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on shares of our Class Acommon stock or Class B common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain any earnings to finance the developmentand expansion of our business. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and willbe dependent upon then-existing conditions, including our earnings, capital requirements, results of operations, financial condition,business prospects and other factors that our board of directors considers relevant. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysisof Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” for additionalinformation regarding our financial condition.

 

36

 

 

CAPITALIZATION

 

Thefollowing table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of September 30, 2021:

 

  on an actual basis, effective immediately prior to the completion of this offering; and
     
  on an as adjusted basis, which gives effect to 1) the sale of 4,600,000 shares of Class A common stock in this offering, assuming no shares issuable upon exercise of warrants, at an assumed initial public offering price of $4.50 per unit (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and the application of the net proceeds thereof; and 2) the compensation expense to be recorded upon the issuance of 549,100 shares of Class A common stock to directors and consultants.

 

Youshould read the following table in conjunction with the sections entitled “Use of Proceeds,” “Selected Financial Data,”“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our financial statementsand related notes included in this prospectus.

 

   As of September 30, 2021 
   Actual   As Adjusted 
Cash  $53,299  

$

18,890,299

 
                          
Debt (current and non-current):          
Bank notes payables   1,195,569      
Loan payable, PPP   385,900      
Loan payable, EIDL   450,000      
Due to related party   1,337,590      
Restaurant revitalization fund   700,454      
           
Stockholders’ Deficit          
Class A Common Stock - $0.0001 par value; 49,000,000 authorized shares; no shares issued and outstanding; 13,600,000 pro forma adjusted shares at September 30, 2021   -    

1,360

 
Class B Common Stock - $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 authorized shares; no shares issued and outstanding; 1,000,000 pro forma adjusted shares at September 30, 2021   -    

100

 
Additional paid-in-capital   476,371    

21,782,861

 
Accumulated deficit   (2,586,790)   

(5,057,740

) 
Total stockholders’ deficit   (2,110,419)   

16,726,581

 

 

37

 

 

DILUTION

 

Currently we have, and upon completion of this offering we will have,two classes of equity interests issued and outstanding: Class A common stock, which is being sold in this offering and to which we referin this prospectus as “common stock,” and Class B common stock. Dilution is the amount by which the initial public offeringprice paid by purchasers of shares of our equity interests exceeds the net tangible book value per share of our equity interests immediatelyfollowing the completion of the offering. Net tangible book value represents the amount of our total tangible assets reduced by our totalliabilities. Net tangible book value per share represents our net tangible book value divided by the number of shares of our equity interestsoutstanding. For purposes of dilution calculations, the number of outstanding shares after the IPO includes the 1,000,000 shares ofClass B common stock as it would be exchangeable on a one-to-one basis into Class A shares and would reflect maximum dilution at thattime. The Company defines total tangible assets as total assets less intangible assets (including deferred tax assets and deferredoffering costs). As of September 30, 2021, prior to giving effect to the offering, our net tangible book value was $2,506,926and our net tangible book value per share was $0.25.

 

After giving effect to the issuance and sale of the 4,000,000 units offeredin this offering and the application of the estimated net proceeds of the offering received by us, as described in “Use of Proceeds,”based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $4.50 per unit, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the coverof this prospectus, and assuming that no warrants are exercised, our net tangible book value as of September 30, 2021 would have beenapproximately $18,887,000, or $1.35 per share of equity interest. This represents an immediate increase in net tangiblebook value to our existing stockholders (including James Chae) of $1.10 per share and an immediate dilution to new investors inthis offering of $3.15 per share. The following table illustrates this per share dilution net tangible book value to new investorsafter giving effect to this offering:

 

Assumed initial public offering price per unit           $ 4.50  
Net tangible book value per share as of September 30, 2021   $ 0.25          
Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors   $ 1.10          
Adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering           $ 1.35  
Dilution per share to new investors           $ 3.15  

 

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering priceof $4.5 per unit would increase (decrease) our net tangible book value by $3,640,000, the net tangible book value per share afterthis offering by $0.26 and the dilution per share to new investors by $0.74, assuming the number of shares offered by us,as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissionsand estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, thenet tangible book value per share of our Class A common stock after giving effect to this offering would be $1.29 per share, whichamount represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $1.04 per share to existing stockholders (including JamesChae) and the immediate dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering of $3.21 per share.

 

Thefollowing table presents, as of September 30, 2021, the differences between the number of shares purchased from us, the total considerationpaid to us, and the average price per share paid by existing stockholders (including James Chae) and by new investors purchasing ClassA common stock at the assumed initial offering price of $4.50 per unit, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth onthe cover page of this prospectus, before deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expensespayable by us.

 

   Shares Purchased   Total Consideration   Average Price 
   Number   Percent   Amount   Percent   Per Share 
Existing stockholders (including James Chae)                  %  $              %  $       
New investors                         
Total        %  $    %  $ 

 

Ifthe underwriters were to fully exercise their option to purchase 600,000 additional shares of our Class A common stock, the percentageof shares of our Class A common stock held by James Chae after this offering would be 51.9%, and the percentage of shares of ourClass A common stock held by new investors after this offering would be 33.8%.

 

38

 

 

Tothe extent any outstanding options or other equity awards are exercised or become vested or any additional options or other equity awardsare granted and exercised or become vested or other issuances of shares of our common stock are made, there may be further economic dilutionto new investors.

 

SELECTEDFINANCIAL DATA

 

Thefollowing table summarizes our historical financial and operating data for the periods and as of the dates indicated. The statementsof income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2019and December 31, 2020 have been derived from our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We have derivedthe statements of income data for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2021 and the balance sheet data as of September30, 2021 from our unaudited interim financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The financial data presented includesall normal and recurring adjustments that we consider necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operationsfor such periods.

 

Thehistorical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. This informationshould be read in conjunction with “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditionand Results of Operations” and our audited financial statements and unaudited interim financial statements and the related notesincluded elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

   Years Ended December 31,   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2020   2019   2021   2020 
                 
Revenue:                    
Food and beverage  $3,170,925   $4,058,739   $4,449,354   $1,918,930 
Total revenue   3,170,925    4,058,739    4,449,354    1,918,930 
                     
Restaurant operating expenses:                    
Food, beverages and supplies   903,313    1,533,959    1,344,672    909,670 
Labor   1,542,796    1,241,075    1,999,084    1,075,751 
Rent and utilities   437,972    504,430    465,677    280,837 
Delivery and service fees   245,163    219,412    384,050    183,477 
Depreciation   114,478    102,416    94,294    83,181 
Total restaurant operating expenses   3,243,722    3,601,292    4,287,777    2,532,916 
                     
Net operating restaurant operating income   (72,797)   457,447    161,577    (613,986)
                     
Operating expenses:                    
General and administrative   330,739    501,192    428,926    324,416 
Advertising and marketing   30,054    20,721    12,437    33,868 
Total operating expenses   360,793    521,913    441,363    358,284 
                     
Loss from operations   (433,590)   (64,466)   (279,786)   (972,270)
                     
Other income (expense):                    
PPP loan forgiveness   -    -    269,887    - 
Other income   53,929    16,934    25,000    40,718 
Interest   (51,590)   (64,036)   (44,145)   (73,356)
Total other income (expense)   2,339    (47,102)   250,742    (32,638)
                     
Income before income taxes   (431,251)   (111,568)   (29,044)   (1,004,908)
                     
Income tax provision   18,877    22,557    13,924    9,978 
                     
Net loss  $(450,128)  $(134,125)  $(42,968)  $(1,014,886)
                     
Loss per share:                    
Basic and diluted  $(0.36)  $(0.13)  $(0.01)  $(0.84)
                     
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:                    
Basic and diluted   1,236,836    1,035,959    3,131,740    1,205,000 

 

39

 

 

   As of December 31,   As of September 30, 
   2020   2019   2021 
             
Cash  $-   $78,117   $53,299 
Total assets  $3,014,424   $2,134,165   $4,791,007 
Total liabilities  $4,385,804   $2,450,223   $6,901,426 
Total stockholders’ deficit  $(1,371,380)  $(316,058)  $(2,110,419)

 

   Years Ended December 31,   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2020   2019   2021   2020 
                 
Key Financial and Operational Metrics                    
Restaurants at the end of period   5    4    6    5 
Average unit volumes (1)  $904,745   $1,091,364    N/A    N/A 
Comparable restaurant sales growth (2)   -29.3%   7.4%   63.4%   32.3%
EBITDA (3)   (265,183)   54,884    109,395    (848,371)
Adjusted EBITDA (3)   (265,183)   54,884    (167,318)   (848,371)
as a percentage of sales   -8.4%   1.4%   -3.8%   -44.2%
Operating income   (433,590)   (64,466)   (279,786)   (972,270)
Operating profit margin   -13.7%   -1.6%   -6.3%   -50.7%
Restaurant-level Contribution (3)   41,681    559,863    255,871    (530,805)
Restaurant-level Contribution Margin (3)   1.3%   13.8%   5.8%   -27.7%

 

(1)Average Unit Volumes (AUVs) consist of the average annual sales of all restaurants that have been open for 3 months or longer at the end of the fiscal year presented. The AUVs measure has been adjusted for restaurants that were not open for the entire fiscal year presented (such as a restaurant closed for renovation) to annualize sales for such period of time. Since AUVs are calculated based on annual sales for the fiscal year presented, they are not shown on an interim basis for the nine-months ended September 30, 2020 and 2021. See “Additional Financial Measures and Other Data” for the definition of AUVs.
 (2)Comparable restaurant sales growth represents the change in year-over-year sales for restaurants open for at least 3 months prior to the start of the accounting period presented, including those temporarily closed for renovations during the year. The comparable restaurant sales growth measure is calculated excluding the West Hollywood and Lynwood, California restaurants, which closed in fiscal year 2019 due to underperformance.
 (3)EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin are intended as supplemental measures of our performance that are neither required by, nor presented in accordance with, GAAP. We are presenting EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin because we believe that they provide useful information to management and investors regarding certain financial and business trends relating to our financial condition and operating results. Additionally, we present Restaurant-level Contribution because it excludes the impact of general and administrative expenses which are not incurred at the restaurant-level. We also use Restaurant-level Contribution to measure operating performance and returns from opening new restaurants.

 

EBITDAis calculated as net income before interest expense, provision (benefit) for income taxes and depreciation and amortization. AdjustedEBITDA further adjusts EBITDA to reflect the additions and eliminations described in the table below. Restaurant-level Contribution representsoperating income plus depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, non-cash rent expense, asset disposals, closurecosts and restaurant impairments, general and administrative expenses, less corporate-level stock-based compensation expense. Restaurant-levelContribution margin is defined as Restaurant-level Contribution divided by sales.

 

Webelieve that the use of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin provides an additionaltool for investors to use in evaluating ongoing operating results and trends and in comparing the Company’s financial measureswith those of comparable companies, which may present similar non-GAAP financial measures to investors. However, you should be awarethat Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin are financial measures which are not indicative of overallresults for the Company, and Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin do not accrue directly to the benefitof stockholders because of corporate-level expenses excluded from such measures. In addition, you should be aware when evaluating EBITDA,Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin that in the future we may incur expenses similarto those excluded when calculating these measures. Our presentation of these measures should not be construed as an inference that ourfuture results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Our computation of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contributionand Restaurant-level Contribution margin may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies, becauseall companies may not calculate EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin in thesame fashion.

 

Becauseof these limitations, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin should not be consideredin isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by relyingprimarily on our GAAP results and using EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution marginon a supplemental basis. Our management recognizes that EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contributionmargin have limitations as analytical financial measures, including the following:

 

  EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin do not reflect our capital expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures;
     
  EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin do not reflect interest expense or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments associated with our indebtedness;

 

40

 

 

  EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin do not reflect depreciation and amortization, which are non-cash charges, although the assets being depreciated and amortized will likely have to be replaced in the future, and do not reflect cash requirements for such replacements;
     
  Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin do not reflect the costs of stock-based compensation expense, non-cash rent expense, and asset disposals, closure costs and restaurant impairments;
     
  Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; and
     
  other companies in our industry may calculate these measures differently, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.

 

Areconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is provided below:

 

   Years Ended December 31,   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2020   2019   2021   2020 
                 
Net loss, as reported  $(450,128)  $(134,125)  $(42,968)  $(1,014,886)
Interest, net   51,590    64,036    44,145    73,356 
Taxes   18,877    22,557    13,924    9,978 
Depreciation and amortization   114,478    102,416    94,294    83,181 
EBITDA   (265,183)   54,884    109,395    (848,371)
PPP loan forgiveness (a)   -    -    (276,713)   - 
Adjusted EBITDA  $(265,183)  $54,884   $(167,318)  $(848,371)

 

 (a)Represents income recorded upon the forgiveness of payroll protection loans from the SBA.

 

Thefollowing table presents a reconciliation of net restaurant operating income (loss) to Restaurant-level Contribution:

 

   Years Ended December 31,   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2020   2019   2021   2020 
                 
Net restaurant operating income (loss), as reported  $(72,797)  $457,447  $161,577  $(613,986)
Depreciation and amortization   114,478    102,416    94,294    83,181 
Restaurant-level Contribution  $41,681   $559,863   $255,871   $(530,805)
Operating profit margin   -13.7%   -1.6%   -6.3%   -50.7%
Restaurant-level Contribution Margin   1.3%   13.8%   5.8%   -27.7%

 

41

 

 

MANAGEMENT’SDISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

Youshould read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the “SelectedFinancial Data” and our financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus.Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this prospectus, including information withrespect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You shouldreview the “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” sections of this prospectusfor a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied bythe forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

 

Overviewof Yoshiharu

 

Yoshiharuis a fast-growing Japanese restaurant operator and was borne out the idea of introducing the modernized Japanese dining experience tocustomers all over the world. Specializing in authentic Japanese ramen, Yoshiharu gained recognition as a leading ramen restaurant inSouthern California within six months of our 2016 debut and has continued to expand our top-notch restaurant service across SouthernCalifornia, currently owning and operating 6 restaurant stores with an additional 3 in development and 8 expected to openin 2022.

 

Wetake pride in our warm, hearty, smooth, and rich bone broth, which is slowly boiled for over 12 hours. Customers can taste and experiencesupreme quality and deep flavors. Combining the broth with the fresh, savory, and highest-quality ingredients, Yoshiharu serves the perfect,ideal ramen, as well as offers customers a wide variety of sushi, bento menu and other favorite Japanese cuisine. Our acclaimed signatureTonkotsu Black Ramen has become a customer favorite with its slow cooked pork bone broth and freshly made, tender chashu (braised porkbelly).

 

Ourmission is to bring ramen and Japanese cuisine to the mainstream, by providing a meal that customers find comforting. Since the inceptionof the business, we have been making our own ramen broth and other key ingredients such as pork chashu and flavored eggs from scratch,whereby upholding the quality and taste of our foods, including the signature texture and deep, rich flavor of our handcrafted broth.Moreover, we believe that slowly cooking the bone broth makes it high in collagen and rich in nutrients. Yoshiharu also strives to presentfood that is not only healthy, but also affordable. We feed, entertain and delight our customers, with our active kitchens and bustlingdining rooms providing happy hours, student and senior discounts, and special holiday events. As a result of our vision, customers cancomfortably enjoy our food in a friendly and welcoming atmosphere.

Oursuccess has resulted in strong financial results as illustrated by the following:

 

  Revenue grew from $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, to $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
     
  We continue to accelerate the pace of new “corporate-owned” (i.e., directly owned by Yoshiharu Holdings) restaurant openings and expect to operate over 20 corporate-owned locations by year end 2022.
     
 

We operate in a large and rapidly growing market. We believe the consumer appetite for Asian cuisine is widespread across many demographics and have an opportunity to expand in both existing and new U.S. markets, as well as internationally. In 2022, we expect to open 8 new corporate-owned restaurants by utilizing approximately 25% of the net proceeds of this offering. Based on our experience and our internal analysis, we believe that over the long-term we have the potential to grow our current domestic corporate-owned restaurants and international footprint to at least 250 restaurants domestically and at least 750 restaurants internationally by opening corporate-owned restaurants in new and existing markets. The rate of future restaurant growth in any particular period is inherently uncertain and is subject to numerous factors that are outside of our control. As a result, we do not currently have an anticipated timeframe for such expansion.

     
  Yoshiharu is in the process of registering its franchise program (which it expects to be complete by the end of 2022) , and once that is complete, we plan on providing franchisee opportunities to open both domestically and internationally. In the U.S., we believe there is a potential to open 20 stores per year by franchisees. Globally, we are also exploring the idea of granting country-wide exclusivity to franchisees, which we believe will help expand our global footprint considerably. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not have a franchise program.

 

42

 

 

  Average sales per guest is moderate and increasing. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the average sales per guest in our stores was $13.51, which grew 15.4% to $15.59 during the year ended December 31, 2020. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, average sales per guest in our restaurants was $15.74.

 

Ourflexible physical footprint, which has allowed us to open restaurants in size ranging from 1,500 to 2,500 square feet, allows us to openin-line and end-cap restaurant formats at strip malls and shopping centers and penetrate markets in both suburban and urban areas.

 

OurGrowth Strategies

 

PursueNew Restaurant Development.

 

Wehave pursued a disciplined new corporate owned growth strategy. Having expanded our concept and operating model across varying restaurantsizes and geographies, we plan to leverage our expertise opening new restaurants to fill in existing markets and expand into new geographies.While we currently aim to achieve in excess of 100% annual unit growth rate over the next three to five years, we cannot predict thetime period of which we can achieve any level of restaurant growth or whether we will achieve this level of growth at all. Our abilityto achieve new restaurant growth is impacted by a number of risks and uncertainties beyond our control, including those described underthe caption “Risk Factors.” In particular, see “Risk Factors—Our long-term success is highly dependent on ourability to successfully identify and secure appropriate sites and timely develop and expand our operations in existing and new markets”for specific risks that could impede our ability to achieve new restaurant growth in the future. We believe there is a significant opportunityto employ this strategy to open additional restaurants in our existing markets and in new markets with similar demographics and retailenvironments.

DeliverConsistent Comparable Restaurant Sales Growth.

 

Wehave achieved positive comparable restaurant sales growth in recent periods. We believe we will be able to generate future comparablerestaurant sales growth by growing traffic through increased brand awareness, consistent delivery of a satisfying dining experience,new menu offerings, and restaurant renovations. We will continue to manage our menu and pricing as part of our overall strategy to drivetraffic and increase average check. We are also exploring initiatives to grow sales of alcoholic beverages at our restaurants, includingthe potential of a larger format restaurant with a sake bar concept.

 

FranchiseProgram Development.

 

Weexpect to initiate sales of franchises beginning in 2022. We expect to submit an application for franchise registration in California,and we expect to submit franchise applications in additional states over the next few months. While our initial franchise developmentwill focus on the United States, we also believe the Yoshiharu concept will attract future franchise partners around the world.

 

IncreaseProfitability.

 

Wehave invested in our infrastructure and personnel, which we believe positions us to continue to scale our business operations. As wecontinue to grow, we expect to drive higher profitability by taking advantage of our increasing buying power with suppliers and leveragingour existing support infrastructure. Additionally, we believe we will be able to optimize labor costs at existing restaurants as ourrestaurant base matures and AUVs increase. We believe that as our restaurant base grows, our general and administrative costs will increaseat a slower rate than our sales.

 

HeightenBrand Awareness.

 

Weintend to continue to pursue targeted local marketing efforts and plan to increase our investment in advertising. We also are exploringthe development of instant ramen noodles which we would distribute through retail channels. We intend to explore partnerships with groceryretailers to provide for small-format Yoshiharu kiosks in stores to promote a limited selection of Yoshiharu cuisine.

 

CorporateOverview

 

InDecember 2021, Yoshiharu Holdings was formed by James Chae as an S corporation for the purpose of acquiring all of the equity in eachof the 6 restaurant store entities which were previously founded and wholly owned directly by James Chae in exchange for an issuanceof 10,000,000 shares to James Chae, which constituted all of the issued and outstanding equity in Yoshiharu Holdings Co.

 

43

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. was incorporated on December 9, 2021 in Delawareby James Chae for purposes of effecting this offering. On December 9, 2021, James Chae contributed 100% of the equity in Yoshiharu HoldingsCo. to Yoshiharu Global Co. in exchange for the issuance by Yoshiharu Global Co. of 9,450,900 shares of Class A common stock to JamesChae. On December 10, 2021, the Company redeemed 670,000 shares of Class A common stock from James Chae at par ($0.0001 per share). InDecember 2021, the Company conducted a private placement solely to accredited investors and sold 670,000 shares of Class A common stockat $2.00 per share, which the Company’s board of directors determined to reflect the then current fair market value of the Company’sClass A common stock. The Company shall exchange 1,000,000 shares held by James Chae into 1,000,000 shares of Class B common stock immediatelyprior to the execution of the underwriting agreement.

 

Following the closing of this offering, James Chae will own all ofour Class B common stock (1,000,000) and 7,110,900 shares of our Class A common stock, representing approximately 74.4% of the combinedvoting power of our outstanding capital stock, or 72.3% if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional units. See “PrincipalStockholders.” As a result, we will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance rulesof the Nasdaq Stock Market, and James Chae will be able to exert significant voting influence over fundamental and significant corporatematters and transactions and may have interests that differ from yours. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our OrganizationalStructure.”

 

Onall matters to be voted on by stockholders, holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share while holders of ourClass B common stock are entitled to 10 votes per share. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible into one share of Class Acommon stock at the option of the holder, upon transfer or in certain specified circumstances. With the exception of voting rights andconversion rights, holders of Class A and Class B common stock will have identical rights. We do not intend to list Class B common stockon any stock exchange.

 

COVID-19Impact on Concentration of Risk

 

TheCOVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted health and economic conditions throughout the United States and globally, aspublic concern about becoming ill with the virus has led to the issuance of recommendations and/or mandates from federal, state andlocal authorities to practice social distancing or self-quarantine. The Company felt direct impact through reduced revenuesthrough periods of time in 2020 and 2021 when restaurant locations were forced into closure or into limited capacities. Revenueswere $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The threerestaurant locations that were open through all of 2020 each experienced significant sales declines. Combined average monthly salesfor these locations decreased 36.8% for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company attempted to mitigate the impact of reducedinside dining through expansion of food delivery operations during the pandemic affected periods. The Company intends to continueselling through these delivery channels, even with a return to full capacity inside dining. Revenues were $4.4 million for the ninemonths ended September 30, 2021, compared to $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, so the Company has alreadyexperienced significant recovery from the impact of the pandemic on customer traffic during 2020. The combined average monthly salesfor the 4 restaurant locations that were open through all of 2020 increased 71.7% for the nine-month period ended September 30,2021, from the comparable period in the prior year.

 

KeyPerformance Indicators

 

Sales

 

Salesrepresents sales of food and beverages in restaurants, as shown on our statements of income. Several factors affect our restaurant salesin any given period including the number of restaurants in operation, guest traffic and average check.

 

EBITDAand Adjusted EBITDA

 

Thefollowing table presents a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:

 

   Years Ended December 31,   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2020   2019   2021   2020 
                 
Net loss, as reported  $(450,128)  $(134,125)  $(42,968)  $(1,014,886)
Interest, net   51,590    64,036    44,145    73,356 
Taxes   18,877    22,557    13,924    9,978 
Depreciation and amortization   114,478    102,416    94,294    83,181 
EBITDA   (265,183)   54,884    109,395    (848,371)
PPP loan forgiveness (a)   -    -    (276,713)   - 
Adjusted EBITDA  $(265,183)  $54,884   $(167,318)  $(848,371)

 

 (a)Represents income recorded upon the forgiveness of payroll protection loans from the SBA.

 

44

 

 

Restaurant-levelContribution and Restaurant-level Contribution Margin

 

Restaurant-levelContribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin are intended as supplemental measures of our performance that are neither requiredby, nor presented in accordance with, GAAP. We believe that Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin provideuseful information to management and investors regarding certain financial and business trends relating to our financial condition andoperating results. We expect Restaurant-level Contribution to increase in proportion to the number of new restaurants we open and ourcomparable restaurant sales growth.

 

Wepresent Restaurant-level Contribution because it excludes the impact of general and administrative expenses, which are not incurred atthe restaurant-level. We also use Restaurant-level Contribution to measure operating performance and returns from opening new restaurants.Restaurant- level Contribution margin allows us to evaluate the level of Restaurant-level Contribution generated from sales.

 

However,you should be aware that Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin are financial measures which are notindicative of overall results for the Company, and Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin do not accruedirectly to the benefit of stockholders because of corporate-level expenses excluded from such measures.

 

Inaddition, when evaluating Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin, you should be aware that in the futurewe may incur expenses similar to those excluded when calculating these measures. Our presentation of these measures should not be construedas an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Our computation of Restaurant-level Contributionand Restaurant- level Contribution margin may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies, becauseall companies may not calculate Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin in the same fashion. Restaurant-levelContribution and Restaurant- level Contribution margin have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider it in isolationor as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP.

 

Thefollowing table reconciles operating income to Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin for the fiscalyears ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2021, respectively:

 

   Years Ended December 31,   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2020   2019   2021   2020 
                 

Net restaurant operating income (loss),

as reported
  $(72,797)  $457,447  $

161,577

  $(613,986)
Depreciation and amortization   114,478    102,416    94,294    83,181 
Restaurant-level Contribution  $41,681   $559,863   $255,871   $(530,805)
Operating profit margin   -13.7%   -1.6%   -6.3%   -50.7%
Restaurant-level Contribution Margin   1.3%   13.8%   5.8%   -27.7%

 

45

 

 

AverageUnit Volumes (AUVs)

 

“AverageUnit Volumes” or “AUVs” consist of the average annual sales of all restaurants that have been open for 3 months orlonger at the end of the fiscal year presented. AUVs are calculated by dividing (x) annual sales for the fiscal year presented for allsuch restaurants by (y) the total number of restaurants in that base. We make fractional adjustments to sales for restaurants that werenot open for the entire fiscal year presented (such as a restaurant closed for renovation) to annualize sales for such period of time.This measurement allows management to assess changes in consumer spending patterns at our restaurants and the overall performance ofour restaurant base. The AUVs measure is calculated excluding the West Hollywood and Lynwood, California restaurants, which closed infiscal year 2019 due to underperformance. Since AUVs are calculated based on annual sales for the fiscal year presented, theyare not presented in this prospectus on an interim basis for the nine-months ended September 30, 2020 and 2021.

 

Thefollowing table shows the AUVs for the fiscal years for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020, respectively:

 

   Years ended December 31, 
   2020   2019 
           
Average Unit Volumes  $904,745   $1,091,364 

 

ComparableRestaurant Sales Growth

 

Measuringour comparable restaurant sales growth allows us to evaluate the performance of our existing restaurant base. Various factors impactcomparable restaurant sales, including:

 

  consumer recognition of our brand and our ability to respond to changing consumer preferences;
     
  overall economic trends, particularly those related to consumer spending;
     
  our ability to operate restaurants effectively and efficiently to meet consumer expectations;
     
  pricing;
     
  guest traffic;
     
  per-guest spend and average check;
     
  marketing and promotional efforts;
     
  local competition; and
     
  opening of new restaurants in the vicinity of existing locations.

 

Thefollowing table shows the comparable restaurant sales growth for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020, andfor the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2021, respectively

 

   Years ended December 31,   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2020   2019   2021   2020 
                 
Comparable restaurant sales growth (%)   -29.3%   7.4%   63.4%   -32.3%
Comparable restaurant base   4    6    5    4 

 

46

 

 

Numberof Restaurant Openings

 

Thefollowing table shows the growth in our restaurant base for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020, andfor the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2021, respectively:

 

   Years ended December 31,   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2020   2019   2021   2020 
                 
Restaurant activity:                    
Beginning of period   4    5    5    4 
Openings   1    1    1    1 
Closing   -    (2)   -    - 
End of period   5    4    6    5 

 

KeyFinancial Definitions

 

Revenues.Revenues represent sales of food and beverages in restaurants. Restaurant sales in a given period are directly impacted by thenumber of restaurants we operate and comparable restaurant sales growth.

 

Foodand beverage. Food and beverage costs are variable in nature, change with sales volume and are influenced by menu mix and subjectto increases or decreases based on fluctuations in commodity costs. Other important factors causing fluctuations in food and beveragecosts include seasonality and restaurant-level management of food waste. Food and beverage costs are a substantial expense and are expectedto grow proportionally as our sales grows.

 

Labor.Labor includes all restaurant-level management and hourly labor costs, including wages, employee benefits and payroll taxes.Similar to the food and beverage costs that we incur, labor and related expenses are expected to grow proportionally as our sales increase.Factors that influence fluctuations in our labor and related expenses include minimum wage and payroll tax legislation, the frequencyand severity of workers’ compensation claims, healthcare costs and the performance of our restaurants.

 

Rentand utilities. Rent and utilities include rent for all restaurant locations and related taxes.

 

Depreciationand amortization expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses are periodic non-cash charges that consist of depreciationof fixed assets, including equipment and capitalized leasehold improvements. Depreciation is determined using the straight-line methodover the assets’ estimated useful lives, ranging from three to ten years.

 

Deliveryand service fees. The Company’s customers may order online through third party service providers such as Uber Eats, DoorDash, Grubhub and others. These third-party service providers charge delivery and order fees to the Company.

 

Generaland administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses include expenses associated with corporate and regional supervisionfunctions that support the operations of existing restaurants and development of new restaurants, including compensation and benefits,travel expenses, stock-based compensation expenses for corporate-level employees, legal and professional fees, marketing costs, informationsystems, corporate office rent and other related corporate costs. General and administrative expenses are expected to grow as our salesgrows, including incremental legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses incurred as a public company.

 

47

 

 

Advertisingand marketing expenses. Advertising and marketing expenses include expenses associated with marketing campaigns and periodicadvertising. Advertising and marketing expenses are expected to grow leading up to planned openings of restaurant locations and is expectedto stabilize as an average by location as our sales grows.

 

Interestexpense. Interest expense includes non-cash charges related to our capital lease obligations and bank notes payable.

 

Incometax provision (benefit). Provision for income taxes represents federal, state and local current and deferred income tax expense.

 

Resultsof Operations

 

Ninemonths ended September 30, 2020 Compared to Nine months ended September 30, 2021

 

Thefollowing table presents selected comparative results of operations from our unaudited financial statements for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2021. Our financial results for these periods are not necessarily indicativeof the financial results that we will achieve in future periods. Certain totals for the table below may not sum to 100% due to rounding.

 

   Nine months ended September 30,   Increase / (Decrease) 
   2021   2020   Dollars   Percentage 
                 
Revenue  $4,449,354   $1,918,930   $2,530,424    131.9%
Restaurant operating expenses:                    
Food, beverages and supplies   1,344,672    909,670    435,002    47.8%
Labor   1,999,084    1,075,751    923,333    85.8%
Rent and utilities   465,677    280,837    184,840    65.8%
Delivery and service fees   384,050    183,477    200,573    109.3%
Depreciation   94,294    83,181    11,113    13.4%
Total restaurant operating expenses   4,287,777    2,532,916    1,754,861    69.3%
Net operating restaurant operating income (loss)   161,577    (613,986)   775,563    -126.3%
General and administrative   428,926    324,416    104,510    32.2%
Advertising and marketing   12,437    33,868    (21,431)   -63.3%
Total operating expenses   441,363    358,284    83,079    23.2%
Loss from operations   (279,786)   (972,270)   692,484    -71.2%
Other income (expense):                    
PPP loan forgiveness   269,887    -    269,887    n/a 
Other income   25,000    40,718    (15,718)   -38.6%
Interest   (44,145)   (73,356)   29,211    -39.8%
Income before income taxes   (29,044)   (1,004,908)   975,864    -97.1%
Income tax provision   13,924    9,978    3,946    39.5%
Net income (loss)  $(42,968)  $(1,014,886)  $971,918    -95.8%

 

48

 

 

   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2021   2020 
   (as a percentage of revenues) 
Revenue   100.0%   100.0%
Restaurant operating expenses:          
Food, beverages and supplies   30.2%   47.4%
Labor   44.9%   56.1%
Rent and utilities   10.5%   14.6%
Delivery and service fees   8.6%   9.6%
Depreciation   2.1%   4.3%
Total restaurant operating expenses   96.4%   132.0%
Net operating restaurant operating income (loss)   3.6%   -32.0%
General and administrative   9.6%   16.9%
Advertising and marketing   0.3%   1.8%
Total operating expenses   9.9%   18.7%
Loss from operations   -6.3%   -50.7%
Other income (expense):          
PPP loan forgiveness   6.1%   0.0%
Other income   0.6%   2.1%
Interest   -1.0%   -3.8%
Income before income taxes   -0.7%   -52.4%
Income tax provision   0.3%   0.5%
Net income (loss)   -1.0%   -52.9%

 

Revenues.Revenues were $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $1.9 million for the nine months ended September30, 2020, representing an increase of approximately $2.5 million, or 131.9%. The increase in sales for the nine-month period was primarilydriven by $1.4 million in sales for the period from two new restaurants opened in August 2020 and July 2021. The location that openedin 2020 accounted for approximately $117,000 of revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The remainder of the increaseis considered to be attributable to recovery from the impact of the pandemic on customer traffic during 2020. The four restaurant locationsthat were open through all of 2020 each experienced significant sales growth in the current year. Combined average monthly sales forthese locations increased 71.7% for the nine month period ended September 30, 2021 from the comparable period in the prior year.

 

Food,beverage and supplies. Food, beverage and supplies costs were $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 comparedto $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, representing an increase of approximately $0.4 million, or 47.8%. The increasein costs for the nine month period was primarily driven by increases in revenues from two new restaurants opened and from the recoveryfrom lower volume experienced during the pandemic. As a percentage of sales, food, beverage and supplies costs decreased to 30.2% inthe nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to 47.4% in the nine month ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in costs as a percentageof sales was primarily driven by the increases in our menu prices and seasonal fluctuations in cost of ingredients.

 

Labor.Labor and related costs were $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $1.1 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020, representing an increase of approximately $923,000, or 85.8%. The increase in costs was largely driven by additionallabor costs incurred with respect to two new restaurants opened. As a percentage of sales, labor and related costs decreased to 44.9%in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to 56.1% in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in costs as apercentage of sales was primarily driven by recovery in sales volume from levels experienced during the pandemic without commensurateincreases in labor costs. This is largely a result of the Company maintaining staffing levels through the pandemic effected period, partiallyfunded by pandemic assistance made available in the form of loans from government entities.

 

49

 

 

Rentand utilities. Rent and utilities expenses were approximately $466,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $281,000for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, representing an increase of approximately $185,000, or 65.8%. The increase was primarilya result of additional occupancy expenses incurred with respect to two new restaurants opened. As a percentage of sales, rent and utilitiesexpenses decreased to 10.5% in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 14.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.The decrease in costs as a percentage of sales was primarily driven by the increases in sales and relatively fixed occupancy costs forestablished locations.

 

Depreciationand amortization expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses incurred were approximately $94,000 for the nine months ended September30, 2021 compared to $83,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, representing an increase of approximately $11,000, or 13.4%.The increase was primarily due to increased depreciation for the two new restaurants opened. As a percentage of sales, depreciation andamortization expenses decreased to 2.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to 4.3% for the comparable period in theprior year. The change is largely driven by the increases in sales from period to period.

 

Deliveryand service fees. Delivery and service fees incurred were approximately $384,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 comparedto $183,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, representing an increase of approximately $201,000, or 109.3%. The increaseis primarily due to the significant growth of the food delivery operations during the pandemic affected period when inside dining operationswere limited and continued into the recovery period. As a percentage of sales, delivery and service fees decreased to 8.6% for the ninemonths ended September 30, 2021 compared to 9.6% for the comparable period in the prior year. The change is largely driven by the increasesin sales from period to period.

 

Generaland administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses were approximately $429,000 for the nine months ended September30, 2021 compared to $324,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, representing an increase of approximately $104,000, or 32.2%.This increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to the hiring of additional administrative employees, increasesin professional services and corporate-level costs to support growth plans, the opening of new restaurants, as well as costs associatedwith outside administrative, legal and professional fees and other general corporate expenses associated with preparing to become a publiccompany. As a percentage of sales, general and administrative expenses decreased to 9.6% in the nine months ended September 30, 2021from 16.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to the significant increase in sales outpacing the increase innecessary corporate costs mentioned above.

 

Resultsof Operations

 

FiscalYear Ended December 31, 2019 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2020

 

Thefollowing table presents selected comparative results of operations from our audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December31, 2019 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. Our financial results for these periods are not necessarily indicativeof the financial results that we will achieve in future periods. Certain totals for the table below may not sum to 100% due to rounding.

 

   Years Ended December 31,   Increase / (Decrease) 
   2020   2019   Dollars   Percentage 
                 
Revenue  $3,170,925   $4,058,739   $(887,814)   -21.9%
Restaurant operating expenses:                    
Food, beverages and supplies   903,313    1,533,959    (630,646)   -41.1%
Labor   1,542,796    1,241,075    301,721    24.3%
Rent and utilities   437,972    504,430    (66,458)   -13.2%
Delivery and service fees   245,163    219,412    25,751    11.7%
Depreciation   114,478    102,416    12,062    11.8%
Total restaurant operating expenses   3,243,722    3,601,292    (357,570)   -9.9%
Net operating restaurant operating income (loss)   (72,797)   457,447    (530,244)   -115.9%
General and administrative   330,739    501,192    (170,453)   -34.0%
Advertising and marketing   30,054    20,721    9,333    45.0%
Total operating expenses   360,793    521,913    (161,120)   -30.9%
Loss from operations   (433,590)   (64,466)   (369,124)   572.6%
Other income (expense):                    
Other income   53,929    16,934    36,995    218.5%
Interest   (51,590)   (64,036)   12,446    -19.4%
Income before income taxes   (431,251)   (111,568)   (319,683)   286.5%
Income tax provision   18,877    22,557    (3,680)   -16.3%
Net income (loss)  $(450,128)  $(134,125)  $(316,003)   235.6%

 

50

 

 

   Years Ended December 31, 
   2020   2019 
   (as a percentage of revenues) 
Revenue   100.0%   100.0%
Restaurant operating expenses:          
Food, beverages and supplies   28.5%   37.8%
Labor   48.7%   30.6%
Rent and utilities   13.8%   12.4%
Delivery and service fees   7.7%   5.4%
Depreciation   3.6%   2.5%
Total restaurant operating expenses   102.3%   88.7%
Net operating restaurant operating income (loss)   -2.3%   11.3%
General and administrative   10.4%   12.3%
Advertising and marketing   0.9%   0.5%
Total operating expenses   11.4%   12.9%
Loss from operations   -13.7%   -1.6%
Other income (expense):          
Other income   1.7%   0.4%
Interest   -1.6%   -1.6%
Income before income taxes   -13.6%   -2.7%
Income tax provision   0.6%   0.6%
Net income (loss)   -14.2%   -3.3%

 

Revenues.Revenues were $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, representinga decrease of approximately $0.9 million, or 21.9%. The decrease in sales for the year was primarily driven by closures and reduced customertraffic as a result of the pandemic. The Company also closed two stores in mid-2019 and opened one new store in August 2020, so therewas a net decrease of one location from year to year. The three restaurant locations that were open through all of 2020 each experiencedsignificant sales declines in the current year. Combined average monthly sales for these locations decreased 36.8% for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 from prior year.

 

Food,beverage and supplies. Food, beverage and supplies costs were approximately $900,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 comparedto $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, representing a decrease of approximately $0.6 million, or 41.3%. The decrease incosts for the year was primarily driven by decrease in sales for the year. As a percentage of sales, food, beverage and supplies costsdecreased to 28.4% in the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 37.7% in the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease in costs asa percentage of sales was primarily driven by the increases in our menu prices and seasonal fluctuations in cost of ingredients.

 

51

 

 

Labor.Labor and related costs were $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $1.2 million for the year ended December31, 2019, representing an increase of approximately $302,000, or 24.3%. The increase in costs was largely driven by additional laborcosts incurred with respect to one new restaurant opened while maintaining staffing at other locations despite pandemic pressures. Asa percentage of sales, labor and related costs increased to 48.7% in the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 30.6% in year endedDecember 31, 2019. The increase in costs as a percentage of sales was primarily driven by the decline in sales volume during the pandemicwithout commensurate decreases in labor costs. This is largely a result of the Company maintaining staffing levels through the pandemiceffected period, partially funded by pandemic assistance made available in the form of loans from government entities.

 

Rentand utilities. Rent and utilities expenses were approximately $438,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $504,000for the year ended December 31, 2019, representing a decrease of approximately $66,000, or 13.2%. The decrease was primarily a resultof reduced occupancy expenses from the net decrease of one restaurant location. As a percentage of sales, rent and utilities expensesincreased to 13.8% in the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 12.4% for the year ended December 31, 2019, The increase in costsas a percentage of sales was primarily driven by the decreases in sales outpacing the and relatively fixed occupancy costs for establishedlocations.

 

Depreciationand amortization expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses incurred were approximately $114,000 for the year ended December31, 2020 compared to $102,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019, representing an increase of approximately $12,000, or 11.8%. Theincrease was primarily due to continued depreciation of equipment additions for locations in the prior year. As a percentage of sales,depreciation and amortization expenses increased to 3.6% for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2.5% for the comparable periodin the prior year. The change is largely driven by the decreases in sales from period to period.

 

Deliveryand service fees. Delivery and service fees incurred were approximately $245,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to$219,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019, representing an increase of approximately $26,000, or 11.7%. The increase is primarilydue to the significant growth of the food delivery operations during the pandemic affected period when inside dining operations werelimited and continued into the recovery period. As a percentage of sales, delivery and service fees increased to 7.7% for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 compared to 5.4% for the comparable period in the prior year. The change is largely driven by the increased costs despitedecreases in sales from period to period.

 

Generaland administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses were approximately $331,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020compared to $501,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019, representing a decrease of approximately $170,000, or 34.0%. This decreasein general and administrative expenses was primarily due to more conservative spending during the uncertain pandemic affected period.Management purposely reduced discretionary expenses to focus available funding on restaurant operations. As a percentage of sales, generaland administrative expenses decreased to 10.4% in the year ended December 31, 2020 from 12.3% in the year ended December 31, 2019, primarilydue to the purposeful decrease in administrative expenditures as mentioned above.

 

52

 

 

Quarterly Results of Operations

 

Thefollowing tables summarize our selected unaudited quarterly statements of operations data for each of the 11 fiscal quarters throughthe period ended September 30, 2021. The information for each of these fiscal quarters has been prepared on a basis consistent with ouraudited financial statements and, in the opinion of management, includes all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature that are necessaryfor the fair statement of the results of operations for these periods in accordance with GAAP. The data should be read in conjunctionwith our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative ofthe results that may be expected for a full year or in any future period.

 

   Three months ended 
   (amounts in thousands) 
   Sep. 30, 2021   Jun. 30, 2021   Mar. 31, 2021   Dec. 31, 2020   Sep. 30, 2020   Jun. 30, 2020   Mar. 31, 2020 
                             
Revenue:                                   
Food and beverage  $1,842   $1,382   $1,225   $1,252   $696   $355   $868 
Total revenue   1,842    1,382    1,225    1,252    696    355    868 
                                    
Restaurant operating expenses:                                   
Food, beverages and supplies   588    382    375    (7)   432    197    281 
Rent and utilities   197    130    139    157    131    68    82 
Labor   923    572    504    467    519    214    343 
Delivery and service fees   131    126    127    62    81    60    42 
Depreciation   32    31    31    31    29    27    27 
Total restaurant operating expenses   1,871    1,241    1,176    710    1,192    566    775 
                                    
Operating expenses:                                   
General and administrative   194    117    118    7    189    71    64 
Advertising and marketing   10    2    -    (4)   22    4    8 
Total operating expenses   204    119    118    3    211    75    72 
                                    
Total restaurant and operating expenses   2,075    1,360    1,294    713    1,403    641    847 
                                    
Loss from operations   (233)   22    (69)   539    (707)   (286)   21 
                                    
Other income (expense):                                   
PPP loan forgiveness   270    -    -    -    -    -    - 
Other income   -    25    -    13    31    10    - 
Interest   (14)   (17)   (13)   22    (41)   (17)   (16)
Total other income (expense)   256    8    (13)   35    (10)   (7)   (16)
                                    
Income before income taxes   23    30    (82)   574    (717)   (293)   5 
                                    
Income tax provision   7    7    -    9    9    -    1 
                                    
Net income (loss)  $16   $23   $(82)  $565   $(726)  $(293)  $4 

 

53

 

 

Thefollowing table sets forth our unaudited quarterly results of operations data for each of the periods indicated as a percentage of sales:

 

   Three months ended 
   Sep. 30, 2021   Jun. 30, 2021   Mar. 31, 2021   Dec. 31, 2020   Sep. 30, 2020   Jun. 30, 2020   Mar. 31, 2020 
                             
Revenue:                                   
Food and beverage   100.0%   100.0%   100.0%   100.0%   100.0%   100.0%   100.0%
Total revenue   100.0%   100.0%   100.0%   100.0%   100.0%   100.0%   100.0%
                                    
Restaurant operating expenses:                                   
Food, beverages and supplies   31.9%   27.6%   30.6%   -0.6%   62.1%   55.5%   32.4%
Rent and utilities   10.7%   9.4%   11.3%   12.5%   18.8%   19.2%   9.4%
Labor   50.1%   41.4%   41.1%   37.3%   74.6%   60.3%   39.5%
Delivery and service fees   7.1%   9.1%   10.4%   5.0%   11.6%   16.9%   4.8%
Depreciation   1.7%   2.2%   2.5%   2.5%   4.2%   7.6%   3.1%
Total restaurant operating expenses   101.6%   89.8%   96.0%   56.7%   171.3%   159.4%   89.3%
                                    
Operating expenses:                                   
General and administrative   10.5%   8.5%   9.6%   0.6%   27.2%   20.0%   7.4%
Advertising and marketing   0.5%   0.1%   0.0%   -0.3%   3.2%   1.1%   0.9%
Total operating expenses   11.1%   8.6%   9.6%   0.2%   30.3%   21.1%   8.3%
                                    
Total restaurant and operating expenses   112.6%   98.4%   105.6%   56.9%   201.6%   180.6%   97.6%
                                    
Loss from operations   -12.6%   1.6%   -5.6%   43.1%   -101.6%   -80.6%   2.4%
                                    
Other income (expense):                                   
PPP loan forgiveness   14.7%   0.0%   0.0%   0.0%   0.0%   0.0%   0.0%
Other income   0.0%   1.8%   0.0%   1.0%   4.5%   2.8%   0.0%
Interest   -0.8%   -1.2%   -1.1%   1.8%   -5.9%   -4.8%   -1.8%
Total other income (expense)   13.9%   0.6%   -1.1%   2.8%   -1.4%   -2.0%   -1.8%
                                    
Income before income taxes   1.2%   2.2%   -6.7%   45.8%   -103.0%   -82.5%   0.6%
                                    
Income tax provision   0.4%   0.5%   0.0%   0.7%   1.3%   0.0%   0.1%
                                    
Net income (loss)   0.9%   1.7%   -6.7%   45.1%   -104.3%   -82.5%   0.5%

 

54

 

 

QuarterlySales Trends

 

Weexperienced a decline in total sales in the early part of 2020, primarily driven by closures and reduced customer traffic as a resultof the pandemic. The Company also closed two stores in mid-2019 and opened one new store in August 2020, so there was a net decreaseof one location when comparing quarterly results from 2020 to comparable periods in 2019. However, our sales started to increase againin the third quarter of 2020 and throughout 2021 primarily attributable to recovery from the impact of the pandemic on customer trafficexperienced in early part of 2020 and to the addition of one additional location in July 2021. The four restaurant locations that wereopen through all of 2020 each experienced significant sales growth the first three quarters of 2021, resulting in comparable period salesgrowth of 63.4% when compared to the comparable period in the prior year. Sales for the three months ended September 30, 2021 were 33.4%higher than the prior quarter and 164.8% higher than the comparable period in the prior year, even though there was only a net increaseof one location over these periods. The Irvine location had just opened during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and the salesfor this store are considered to still be in an early growth stage. Once the sales for this location reach its expectation and we openthe additional planned locations, sales are expected to continue to trend upward.

 

QuarterlyRestaurant Operating Expense Trends

 

Ourtotal quarterly operating restaurant expenses decreased in the early part of 2020 primarily due to reduced customer traffic as a resultof the pandemic and the net reduction of one location. However, the costs did not decrease at a rate consistent with sales. As a percentageof sales, costs increased over the early part of 2020 and then decreased back to expected levels as sales increased as discussed above.For the three month periods ended June 30 and September 30, 2020, the restaurant operating expenses as a percentage of sales were 159.4%and 171.3%, respectively. For comparison, for the three months ended June 30 and September 30, 2021, these expenses as a percentage ofsales were 89.8% and 101.6%. This is largely attributable to maintaining staffing at locations despite pandemic pressures.

 

QuarterlyGeneral and Administrative Trends

 

Theoverall increase in quarterly general and administrative expenses over the course of the periods presented was primarily due to the hiringof additional administrative employees, increases in professional services and corporate-level costs to support growth plans, the openingof new restaurants, as well as costs associated with outside administrative, legal and professional fees and other general corporateexpenses associated with preparing to become a public company. The decrease in general and administrative expenses in the early partof 2020 was primarily due to more conservative spending during the uncertain pandemic affected period. Management purposely reduced discretionaryexpenses to focus available funding on restaurant operations.

 

QuarterlyDepreciation and Amortization Trends

 

Depreciationand amortization expenses remained relatively consistent through the quarters presented, primarily to the consistency in the number ofoperating locations. The company closed two stores in 2019, and then opened one new location in each of 2020 and 2021 to date, thus thenumber of operating stores had not net change over the periods presented.

 

55

 

 

Liquidityand Capital Resources

 

Ourprimary uses of cash are for operational expenditures and capital investments, including new restaurants, costs incurred for restaurantremodels and restaurant fixtures. Historically, our main sources of liquidity have been cash flows from operations, borrowings from banks,and sales of common shares. In recent periods, the Company received significant assistance from governmental funds available in responseto closures and impact on the business as a result of the pandemic. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company received approximately$723,000 in loans from these government assistance programs, and received additional loans amounting to approximately $1,360,000 duringthe nine-month period ended September 30, 2021. Certain of these loans are eligible for forgiveness under the government plans. Duringthe nine months ended September 30, 2021, PPP loans amounting to approximately $277,000 were forgiven. See Note 4 (Bank Note Payables)and Note 5 (Loan Payables, PPP) to the unaudited financial statements report for a more detailed discussion.

 

TheCompany has suffered recurring losses from operations and has a significant accumulated deficit. During the audited years ended December31, 2019 and December 31, 2020, and the nine month period ended September 30, 2021, the Company had net loss of $134,125, $450,128 and$42,968, respectively. In addition, the company continues to experience negative cash flow from operations and has a significant accumulateddeficit, which was $2,586,790 at September 30, 2021. These factors raise a substantial doubt about the company’s ability to continueas a going concern, and our independent registered public accounting firm has included a going concern uncertainty explanatory paragraphin their report dated December 15, 2021.

 

Thesignificant components of our working capital are liquid assets such as cash and short term receivables and inventories, reduced by accountspayable and accrued expenses. Our working capital position benefits from the fact that we generally collect cash from sales to gueststhe same day or, in the case of credit or debit card transactions, within several days of the related sale, while we typically have longerpayment terms with our vendors.

 

Webelieve that expected cash flow from operations and the establishment of a credit facility will be adequate to fund operating lease obligations,capital expenditures and working capital obligations for at least the next 12 months. However, our ability to continue to meet theserequirements and obligations will depend on, among other things, our ability to achieve anticipated levels of sales and cash flow andour ability to manage costs and working capital successfully. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—Wemay need capital in the future, and we may not be able to raise that capital on favorable terms.”

 

Summaryof Cash Flows

 

Thefollowing table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:

 

   Years ended December 31,   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2020   2019   2021   2020 
                 
Statement of Cash Flow Data:                    
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities  $82,354   $690,613   $591,452   $(92,714)
Net cash used in investing activities   (545,235)   (52,550)   (814,163)   (514,315)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities   384,764    (624,329)   276,010    530,149 

 

CashFlows Provided by Operating Activities

 

Netcash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $584,626, which resulted from net loss of $42,968,non-cash charges of $94,294 for depreciation and amortization, and net cash in-flows of $533,300 from changes in operating assets andliabilities. The net cash in-flows from changes in operating assets and liabilities were primarily the result of increases in inventoriesof $14,499 and other assets of $65,732 and a decrease in payables to related parties of $426,179, partially offset by increases of $121,652in accounts payable and accrued expenses and $65,700 in other payables. The decrease in payables to related parties was the result ofrepayment of expenditures incurred by the related parties in connection with the opening of new restaurants during 2019 and 2020 Theincrease in accounts payable was primarily due to the timing of cash payments.

 

Netcash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $92,714, which resulted from net loss of $1,014,886,non-cash charges of $838,991 for depreciation and amortization, and net cash inflows of $838,991 from changes in operating assets andliabilities. The net loss was significantly higher for the period relative to prior periods as a result of closures and reduced customertraffic as a result of the pandemic. The net cash inflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities were primarily the resultof increased payables to related parties of $921,102, partially offset by an increase of $5,452 in inventories and a decrease of $76,178in accounts payable and accrued expenses. The increase in payables to related parties was the result of expenditures incurred by therelated parties in connection with the opening of new restaurants. The decrease in accounts payable was primarily due to the timing ofcash payments.

 

56

 

 

Netcash provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 was $82,354, which resulted from net loss of $450,128,non-cash charges of $114,478 for depreciation and amortization, and net cash inflows of $418,004 from changes in operating assets andliabilities. The net loss was significantly higher for the period relative to prior periods as a result of closures and reduced customertraffic as a result of the pandemic. The net cash inflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities were primarily the resultof increased payables to related parties of $535,265, partially offset by increases of $1,661 in inventories and $20,199 in other assetsand a decrease of $94,920 in accounts payable and accrued expenses. The increase in payables to related parties was the result of expendituresincurred by the related parties in connection with the opening of new restaurants. The decrease in accounts payable was primarily dueto the timing of cash payments.

 

Netcash provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2019 was $772,308, which resulted from net loss of $134,125,non-cash charges of $102,416 for depreciation and amortization, and net cash inflows of $804,017 from changes in operating assets andliabilities. The net cash inflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities were primarily the result of increases in payablesto related parties of $650,052, in accounts payable of $114,037, and in other payables of $23,218 and a decrease in inventories of $20,757,partially offset by a decrease of $4,047 in other assets. The increase in payables to related parties was the result of expendituresincurred by the related parties in connection with the opening of new restaurants. The increase in accounts payable was primarily dueto the timing of cash payments.

 

CashFlows Used in Investing Activities

 

Netcash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $814,163 and $514,315, respectively, andduring the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $545,235 and $134,245, respectively. These expenditures in each period are primarilyrelated to purchases of property and equipment in connection with current and future restaurant openings and maintaining our existingrestaurants.

 

CashFlows Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities

 

Netcash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $282,836, primarily due to $1.6 million cashreceived through borrowings from banks and from pandemic relief funds available from government agencies, offset by $294,974 of repaymentof borrowings and a reduction of $276,713 related to the PPP loan forgiveness, and shareholder distributions of $696,071, net of shareholdercontributions.

 

Netcash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $530,149, primarily due to $937,230 cash receivedthrough borrowings from banks and from pandemic relief funds available from government agencies, net of repayments. This was partiallyoffset by $467,081 in shareholder distributions.

 

Netcash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 was $384,764, primarily due to approximately $961,000 cashreceived through borrowings from banks and from pandemic relief funds available from government agencies, net of repayments. This waspartially offset by $605,194 in shareholder distributions, net of shareholder contributions.

 

Netcash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2019 was $624,329, primarily due to $44,934 of repayment of borrowingsand $684,396 of shareholder distributions, net of shareholder contributions.

 

57

 

 

ContractualObligations

 

Thefollowing table presents our commitments and contractual obligations as of September 30, 2021, as well as our long-term obligations:

 

   Payments due by period as of September 30, 2021 
   Total   2021   2022-2023   2024-2025   Thereafter 
Capital lease payments  $2,904,468   $98,933   $697,513   $739,366   $1,368,656 
Bank note payables   1,191,429    51,284    468,288    453,222    218,096 
PPP loan payables   385,900    7,718    185,232    185,232    7,718 
EIDL loan payables   450,000    8.621    31,034    31,034    379,310 
Restaurant revitalization fund loan payable   700,454    -    700,454    -    - 
Total contractual obligations  $5,632,251   $167,096   $2,082,521   $1,408,854   $1,973,780 

 

Off-BalanceSheet Arrangements

 

Asof September 30, 2021, we did not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements

 

Quantitativeand Qualitative Disclosure of Market Risks

 

Commodityand Food Price Risks

 

Ourprofitability is dependent on, among other things, our ability to anticipate and react to changes in the costs of key operating resources,including food and beverage and other commodities. We have been able to partially offset cost increases resulting from a number of factors,including market conditions, shortages or interruptions in supply due to weather or other conditions beyond our control, governmentalregulations and inflation, by increasing our menu prices, as well as making other operational adjustments that increase productivity.However, substantial increases in costs and expenses could impact our operating results to the extent that such increases cannot be offsetby menu price increases or operational adjustments.

 

InflationRisk

 

Theprimary inflationary factors affecting our operations are food and beverage costs, labor costs, and energy costs. Our restaurant operationsare subject to federal and state minimum wage and other laws governing such matters as working conditions, overtime and tip credits.Significant numbers of our restaurant personnel are paid at rates related to the federal and/or state minimum wage and, accordingly,increases in the minimum wage increase our labor costs. To the extent permitted by competition and the economy, we have mitigated increasedcosts by increasing menu prices and may continue to do so if deemed necessary in future years. Substantial increases in costs and expensescould impact our operating results to the extent such increases cannot be passed through to our guests. Historically, inflation has nothad a material effect on our results of operations. Severe increases in inflation, however, could affect the global and U.S. economiesand could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Whilewe have been able to partially offset inflation and other changes in the costs of core operating resources by gradually increasing menuprices, coupled with more efficient purchasing practices, productivity improvements and greater economies of scale, there can be no assurancethat we will be able to continue to do so in the future. From time to time, competitive conditions could limit our menu pricing flexibility.In addition, macroeconomic conditions could make additional menu price increases imprudent. There can be no assurance that future costincreases can be offset by increased menu prices or that increased menu prices will be fully absorbed by our guests without any resultingchange to their visit frequencies or purchasing patterns. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will generate same sales growthin an amount sufficient to offset inflationary or other cost pressures.

 

58

 

 

CriticalAccounting Policies and Estimates

 

Ourdiscussion and analysis of operating results and financial condition are based upon our financial statements. The preparation of ourfinancial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, sales, expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on past experience andother assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, and we evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis.

 

Ourcritical accounting policies are those that materially affect our financial statements and involve subjective or complex judgments bymanagement. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact usin the future, actual results may be materially different from the estimates. We believe the following critical accounting policies areaffected by significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements and that the judgments and estimatesare reasonable.

 

Operatingand Capital Leases

 

Wecurrently lease all of our restaurant locations, corporate offices, and some of the equipment used in our restaurants. In accordancewith ASC 842, Leases, the Company determines whether an arrangement contains a lease at inception. A lease is a contract that providesthe right to control an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. For identified leases, the Company determineswhether it should be classified as an operating or finance lease. Operating leases are recorded in the balance sheet as: right-of-useasset (“ROU asset”) and operating lease liability. ROU asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying assetfor the lease term and lease liability represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assetsand operating lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease and measured based on the present value of leasepayments over the lease term. The ROU asset also includes deferred rent liabilities. The Company’s lease arrangement generallydo not provide an implicit interest rate. As a result, in such situations the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on theinformation available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company includes options to extendor terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option in the measurement of its ROU asset and liability.Lease expense for the operating lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has a lease agreement withlease and non-lease components, which are accounted for as a single lease component.

 

Impairmentof Long-Lived Assets

 

Whencircumstances, such as adverse market conditions, indicate that the carrying value of a long-lived asset may be impaired, the Companyperforms an analysis to review the recoverability of the asset’s carrying value, which includes estimating the undiscounted cashflows (excluding interest charges) from the expected future operations of the asset. These estimates consider factors such as expectedfuture operating income, operating trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors. If the analysisindicates that the carrying value is not recoverable from future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that thecarrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. Any impairment losses are recorded as operating expenses, which reduce net income.

 

JumpstartOur Business Startups Act of 2012

 

OnApril 5, 2012, the JOBS Act was enacted. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of theextended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards.In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwiseapply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, wewill adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other non-emerginggrowth companies.

 

Weare in the process of evaluating the benefits of relying on other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBSAct. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if as an emerging growth company we choose to rely on such exemptions,we may not be required to, among other things, (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our systems of internal controlsover financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that maybe required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Act, (iii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted bythe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providingadditional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis), and (iv) disclose certain executivecompensation-related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the Chief ExecutiveOfficer’s compensation to median employee compensation. These exemptions will apply until we no longer meet the requirements ofbeing an emerging growth company. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (1) the last day of the fiscal yearfollowing the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, (2) the last day of the fiscal year in which we havetotal annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, (3) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which meansyear-end at which the total market value of our common equity securities held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last businessday of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and (4) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertibledebt during the prior three-year period.

 

59

 

 

BUSINESS

 

Overviewof Yoshiharu

 

Yoshiharuis a fast-growing Japanese restaurant operator and was borne out the idea of introducing the modernized Japanese dining experience tocustomers all over the world. Specializing in authentic Japanese ramen, Yoshiharu gained recognition as a leading ramen restaurant inSouthern California within six months of our 2016 debut and has continued to expand our top-notch restaurant service across SouthernCalifornia, currently operating 6 restaurants with an additional 3 in development and 8 expected to open in 2022. We takepride in our warm, hearty, smooth, and rich bone broth, which is slowly boiled for over 12 hours. Customers can taste and experiencesupreme quality and deep flavors. Combining the broth with the fresh, savory, and highest-quality ingredients, Yoshiharu serves the perfect,ideal ramen, as well as offers customers a wide variety of sushi, bento menu and other favorite Japanese cuisine. Our acclaimed signatureTonkotsu Black Ramen has become a customer favorite with its slow cooked pork bone broth and freshly made, tender chashu (braised porkbelly).

 

Ourmission is to bring ramen and Japanese cuisine to the mainstream, by providing a meal that customers find comforting. Since the inceptionof the business, we have been making our own ramen broth and other key ingredients such as pork chashu and flavored eggs from scratch,whereby upholding the quality and taste of our foods, including the signature texture and deep, rich flavor of our handcrafted broth.Moreover, we believe that slowly cooking the bone broth makes it high in collagen and rich in nutrients. Yoshiharu also strives to presentfood that is not only healthy, but also affordable. We feed, entertain and delight our customers, with our active kitchens and bustlingdining rooms providing happy hours, student and senior discounts, and special holiday events. As a result of our vision, customers cancomfortably enjoy our food in a friendly and welcoming atmosphere.

 

OurStrengths

 

ExperiencedManagement Team Dedicated to Growth.

 

Ourteam is led by experienced and passionate senior management who are committed to our mission. We are led by our Chief Executive Officer,James Chae. Mr. Chae founded Yoshiharu in 2016 and has helped grow the business since that time. Mr. Chae leads a team of talented professionalswith deep financial, operational, culinary, and real estate experience.

 

60

 

 

CompellingValue Proposition with Broad Appeal.

 

Guestscan enjoy our signature ramen dishes or select from our variety of fresh sushi, bento, and other Japanese cuisine. The high-quality dishesat affordable prices are the result of our efficient operations. In addition, we believe our commitment to high-quality and fresh ingredientsin our food is at the forefront of current dining trends as customers continue to seek healthy food options.

 

AttractiveRestaurant-Level Economics.

 

AtYoshiharu, we believe our rapid customer turnover, combined with our ability to deliver in 2 major dayparts with lunch and dinner, allowsfor robust and efficient sales in each of our restaurants. Our average unit volume (“AUV”, as defined herein) was $1.1 millionin 2019 and $0.9 million in 2020.

 

Qualityof Food and Excellence in Customer Service.

 

Weplace a premium on serving high quality authentic Japanese cuisine. We believe in customer convenience and satisfaction and have createdstrong, loyal and repeat customers who help expand the Yoshiharu network to their friends, family and co-workers.

 

Flexibilityto Pivot to Online and Delivery.

 

Duringthe onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, we were able to efficiently transition from primarily in-store sales to a diversified mix of channelsincluding takeout and delivery. As our customers habits adapt post-pandemic, we intend to invest further in our delivery and takeoutprograms, which currently rely on third-party providers. Yoshiharu’s ramen and Japanese cuisine is ideally suited for to-go packagingand transport. Due to our flexibility in pivoting to online and delivery, and we achieved out-of-store sales of $1.2 million for thenine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $815,301 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, or a growth rate of over 42.5%.

 

OurGrowth Strategies

 

PursueNew Restaurant Development.

 

Wehave pursued a disciplined new corporate owned growth strategy. Having expanded our concept and operating model across varying restaurantsizes and geographies, we plan to leverage our expertise opening new restaurants to fill in existing markets and expand into new geographies.While we currently aim to achieve in excess of 100% annual unit growth rate over the next three to five years, we cannot predict thetime period of which we can achieve any level of restaurant growth or whether we will achieve this level of growth at all. Our abilityto achieve new restaurant growth is impacted by a number of risks and uncertainties beyond our control, including those described underthe caption “Risk Factors.” In particular, see “Risk Factors—Our long-term success is highly dependent on ourability to successfully identify and secure appropriate sites and timely develop and expand our operations in existing and new markets”for specific risks that could impede our ability to achieve new restaurant growth in the future. We believe there is a significant opportunityto employ this strategy to open additional restaurants in our existing markets and in new markets with similar demographics and retailenvironments.

DeliverConsistent Comparable Restaurant Sales Growth.

 

Wehave achieved positive comparable restaurant sales growth in recent periods. We believe we will be able to generate future comparablerestaurant sales growth by growing traffic through increased brand awareness, consistent delivery of a satisfying dining experience,new menu offerings, and restaurant renovations. We will continue to manage our menu and pricing as part of our overall strategy to drivetraffic and increase average check. We are also exploring initiatives to grow sales of alcoholic beverages at our restaurants, includingthe potential of a larger format restaurant with a sake bar concept. In addition to the strategies stated above, we expect to initiatesales of franchises in 2022.

 

IncreaseProfitability.

 

Wehave invested in our infrastructure and personnel, which we believe positions us to continue to scale our business operations. As wecontinue to grow, we expect to drive higher profitability both at a restaurant-level and corporate-level by taking advantage of our increasingbuying power with suppliers and leveraging our existing support infrastructure. Additionally, we believe we will be able to optimizelabor costs at existing restaurants as our restaurant base matures and AUVs increase. We believe that as our restaurant base grows, ourgeneral and administrative costs will increase at a slower rate than our sales.

 

61

 

 

HeightenBrand Awareness.

 

Weintend to continue to pursue targeted local marketing efforts and plan to increase our investment in advertising. We also are exploringthe development of instant ramen noodles which we would distribute through retail channels. We intend to explore partnerships with groceryretailers to provide for small-format Yoshiharu kiosks in stores to promote a limited selection of Yoshiharu cuisine.

 

ExperiencedManagement Team Dedicated to Growth.

 

Ourteam is led by experienced and passionate senior management who are committed to our mission. We are led by our Chief Executive Officer,James Chae. Mr. Chae founded Yoshiharu in 2016 and leads a team of talented professionals with deep financial, operational, culinary,and real estate experience.

 

Properties

 

Asof September 30, 2021, we operate 6 restaurants in California. We operate a variety of restaurant formats, including in-line and end-caprestaurants located in retail centers of varying sizes. Our restaurants currently average approximately 1,578 square feet. We lease theproperty for our corporate offices and all of the properties on which we operate our restaurants.

 

Thetable below shows the locations of our restaurants as of January 21, 2022:

 

Store Location   Address   Year Launched
Orange   1891 N Tustin St, Orange, CA 92865   2016
Buena Park   6970 Beach Blvd, #F206 Buena Park, CA 90621   2017
Whittier   8426 Laurel Ave, STE A Whittier, CA 90605   2017
Chino   4004 Grand Ave STE C Chino, CA 91710   2019
Eastvale   4910 Hamner Ave STE 150, Eastvale, CA 91752   2020
Irvine   3935 Portola Pkwy, Irvine, CA 92602   2021
La Mirada   12806 La Mirada Blvd, La Mirada, CA 90638   1Q2022*
Corona   440 N Mckinley St STE 101, Corona, CA 92879   1Q 2022*
Cerritos   11533 South St, Cerritos, CA 90703   1Q 2022*

 

*Underconstruction.

 

Weare obligated under non-cancelable leases for the majority of our restaurants, as well as our corporate offices. The majority of ourrestaurant leases have lease terms of 10 years, inclusive of customary extensions which are at the option of the Company. Our restaurantleases generally require us to pay a proportionate share of real estate taxes, insurance, common area maintenance charges, and otheroperating costs. Some restaurant leases provide for contingent rental payments based on sales thresholds, although we generally do notexpect to pay significant rent on these properties based on the thresholds in those leases. We do not own any real property.

 

Infiscal year 2019, we opened one restaurant, and in fiscal year 2020, we opened one restaurant. We have opened one new restaurant in fiscalyear 2021. We currently have 3 locations under construction, and we expect to open 8 new restaurants (4 of which havebeen identified) in fiscal year 2022 by utilizing approximately 25% of the net proceeds of this offering. The Company has enteredinto construction agreements with Life Construction Development, Inc. for certain tenant improvements to the La Mirada, Corona and Cerritoslocations, respectively, including (i) Contract Agreement, dated February 23, 2021, for tenant improvements to the premises located at12806 La Mirada Boulevard, La Mirada, California in the amount of $393,700, (ii) Contract Agreement, dated March 5, 2021, for tenantimprovements to the premises located at 440 McKinley Street, Suite 101, Corona, California in the amount of $315,000; and (iii) ContractAgreement, dated July 30, 2021, for tenant improvements to the premises located at 11533 South Street, Cerritos California in the amountof $390,000. We have finalized site selection for 4 of the upcoming 2022 restaurants, and are in the process of negotiating the commerciallease terms for the following sites in Orange County: Menifee, Garden Grove, Laguna Niguel, and San Clemente. Site selection is stillongoing for the other 4 upcoming locations. In fiscal year 2019, we closed West Hollywood and Lynwood, California restaurants due tounderperformance. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to open any specific number of restaurants in any year. See “RiskFactors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—Our long-term success is highly dependent on our ability to successfullyidentify and secure appropriate sites and timely develop and expand our operations in existing and new markets.”

 

62

 

 

SiteDevelopment and Expansion

 

SiteSelection Process

 

Weconsider site selection to be instrumental to our success. As part of our strategic site selection process, we receive potential sitelocations from networks of local brokers, which are then reviewed by our Development Team. This examination consists of an analysis ofthe lease terms and conditions, a profitability evaluation, as well as multiple site visits during all times of the day, e.g., lunch,late afternoon, dinner, weekdays and weekends, to test for traffic. The Development Team holds regular meetings for site approval withother members of our senior management team in order to get a balanced perspective on a potential site.

 

Ourcurrent real estate strategy focuses on high-traffic retail centers in markets with a diverse population and above-average householdincome for the state. We believe we are attractive lessees for landlords given our ability to drive strong traffic comprised of above-averagehousehold income guests, and we imagine our bargaining power will become stronger as we accumulate more stores. In site selection, wealso consider factors such as residential and commercial population density, restaurant visibility, traffic patterns, accessibility,availability of suitable parking, proximity to highways, universities, shopping areas and office parks, the degree of competition withinthe market area, and general availability of restaurant-level employees. We also invest in site analytics tools for demographic analysisand data collection for both existing and new market areas, which we believe allows us to further understand the market area and determinewhether to open new restaurants in that location.

 

Ourflexible physical footprint, which has allowed us to open restaurants in size ranging from 1,500 to 2,500 square feet, allows us to openin-line and end-cap restaurant formats at strip malls and shopping centers and penetrate markets in both suburban and urban areas. Webelieve we have the ability to open additional restaurants in our existing metropolitan areas. We also believe there is significant opportunityto employ the strategy in new markets with similar demographics across the U.S. and globally.

 

ExpansionStrategy

 

Weplan to pursue a multi-facet expansion strategy by opening new corporate restaurants in both new and existing markets, as well as utilizingthe franchise market. We believe this expansion will be crucial to executing our growth strategy and building awareness of Yoshiharuas a leading Japanese casual dining brand. Expansion into new markets occurs in parallel with ongoing evaluation of existing markets,with the goal of maintaining a pipeline of top-tier development opportunities. As described under Site Selection Process, we use a systematicapproach to identify and review existing and new markets.

 

Uponselecting a new market, we typically build one restaurant to prove concept viability in that market. We have developed a remote managementsystem whereby our senior operations team is able to monitor restaurants in real-time from our headquarters using approximately 20 to30 cameras installed in each restaurant. We utilize this remote management system to maintain operational quality while minimizing inefficienciescaused by a lack of economies of scale in new markets.

 

Dueto our relatively small restaurant count, new restaurants have an outsized impact on our financial performance. In order to mitigaterisk, we look to expand simultaneously in new and existing markets. We base our site selection on our most successful existing restaurantsand frequently reevaluate our strategy, pacing and markets. We believe we are in the early stages of our growth story and that our restaurantmodel is designed to generate strong cash flow, attractive restaurant-level financial results and high returns on invested capital, whichwe believe provides us with a strong foundation for expansion.

 

63

 

 

RestaurantDesign

 

Restaurantdesign is handled by our Development Team in conjunction with outsourced vendor relationships, e.g., architects and general contractors.Our restaurant size currently averages approximately 1,500 square feet. Seating in our restaurant is comprised of a combination of tableseating and bar seats with an average seating capacity of 40-50 guests.

 

Weare developing two main restaurant layouts. The standard restaurants will be built using our current layout and design which we believeevokes a modern and on-trend Japanese dining atmosphere. The second layout is the larger plan where we will utilize a full service restaurantand bar. We believe the new layout achieves this atmosphere. We believe our see-through kitchens reflecting the cooks preparing firsthand meals, amplify the lively bustle provided by the great casual atmosphere, and serve to highlight the ambiance of getting great foodin a modern Japanese style ambiance.

 

Construction

 

Constructionof a new restaurant takes approximately 12 to 24 weeks once construction permits (e.g., Health and City) are issued. Our DevelopmentTeam oversees the build-out process from engaging architects and contractors to design and build out the restaurant. On average, we estimateour restaurant build-outs to cost approximately $350,000 - $550,000 per standard location, net of tenant allowances and pre-opening costs,but this figure could be significantly higher depending on the market, restaurant size, and condition of the premises upon delivery bylandlord.

 

RestaurantManagement and Operations

 

RestaurantManagement and Employees

 

Ourrestaurants typically employ one restaurant manager, two to three supervisors, and approximately 8 to 12 additional team members. Managers,supervisors and management trainees are cross-trained throughout the restaurant in order to create competency across critical restaurantfunctions, both in the dining area and in the kitchen.

 

Inaddition, our senior operations team monitors restaurants in real-time from our headquarters using our remote management system of approximately8 cameras installed in each restaurant. These team members are responsible for different components of the restaurant: cleanliness, service,and food quality.

 

Trainingand Employee Programs

 

Wedevote significant resources to identifying, selecting, and training restaurant-level employees. Our training covers leadership, teambuilding, food safety certification, alcohol safety programs, sexual harassment training, and other topics. Management trainees undergotraining for approximately 8 to 16 weeks in order to develop a deep understanding of our operations. In addition, we are developing extensivetraining manuals that cover all aspects of restaurant-level operations.

 

Ourtraveling “opening team” provides training to team members in advance of opening a new restaurant. We believe the openingteam facilitates a smooth opening process and efficient restaurant operations from the first day a restaurant opens to the public. Theopening team is typically on-site at new restaurants from two weeks before opening to four weeks after opening.

 

64

 

 

FoodPreparation, Quality and Safety

 

Weare committed to consistently providing our guests high quality, freshly prepared food. For other items we believe hand preparation achievesthe best quality. Hand preparation of menu items includes, but is not limited to, frying tempura, slicing meat and fish and making porkbone broth. We believe guests can taste the difference in freshly prepared food and that adhering to these standards is a competitiveadvantage for our brand.

 

Foodsafety is essential to our success and we have established procedures to help ensure that our guests enjoy safe, quality food. We requireeach employee to complete food handler safety certification upon hiring. We have taken various additional steps to mitigate food qualityand safety risks, including undergoing internal safety audits. We also consider food safety and quality assurance when selecting ourdistributors and suppliers.

 

Menu

 

Weoffer a diverse menu, including our signature ramen dishes, as well as sushi, bento boxes, and other Japanese cuisine. The menu appealsto a wide range of customers, and we continue to improve upon the quality, taste and presentation. Additionally, we are able to servethe menu in a delivery and pickup format, as our food is designed to be enjoyed on premise or at customers’ homes or offices. Wehave entered the catering business through relationships with businesses who place large format orders (i.e., Bento boxes for corporatemeetings or office lunches), for delivery or pick-up. We expect that our catering business, which has a higher-than-average order value,to grow due to the early success we have experienced in the corporate channel.

 

NewMenu Introductions

 

Wefocus advertising efforts on new menu offerings to broaden our appeal to guests and drive traffic. Our menu changes twice per year tointroduce new items and remove underperforming items. We promote these new menu additions through various social media platforms, ourwebsite and in-restaurant signage.

 

65

 

 

 

A picture containing graphical user interface

Description automatically generated

 

66

 

 

Graphical user interface, application

Description automatically generated

 

67

 

 

Graphical user interface, application

Description automatically generated

 

68

 

 

A picture containing timeline

Description automatically generated

 

69

 

 

Graphical user interface

Description automatically generated

 

70

 

 

Graphical user interface, website

Description automatically generated

 

71

 

 

Marketingand Advertising

 

Weuse a variety of marketing and advertising channels to build brand awareness, attract new guests, increase dining frequency, supportnew restaurant openings, and promote Yoshiharu as an authentic Japanese restaurant with high-quality cuisine and a distinctive diningexperience. Our primary advertising channels include digital, social, and print.

 

SocialMedia

 

Wemaintain a presence on several social media platforms including Facebook and Instagram, allowing us to regularly communicate with guests,alert guests of new offerings, and conduct promotions. Our dining experience is built to provide our guests social media shareable moments,which we believe extends our advertising reach.

 

Suppliers

 

Wecarefully select suppliers based on product quality and authenticity and their understanding of our brand, and we seek to develop long-termrelationships with them. All supply arrangements are negotiated and managed at the Yoshiharu corporate-level.

 

Food.Our Vice President of Operations identifies and procures high-quality ingredients at competitive prices. Each store separately makesan order to the specific vendor, and the invoices are submitted and paid by Yoshiharu at the corporate-level. We source mainly throughthe following Japanese-related distributors: JFC, a subsidiary of Kikkoman Corporation, Wismettac, a subsidiary of Nishimoto Co., Ltd.,and Mutual Trading Co., Inc., a California corporation.

 

Paper.Our Vice President of Operations negotiates long term supply agreements for our logo-branded paper including takeout bags and bowls,chopsticks, as well as uniforms. We make a portion of our purchases annually in bulk at fixed prices, and deliver them to our warehousein Anaheim, California. Each restaurant Manager receives the necessary paper supplies from our warehouse.

 

ManagementInformation Systems

 

Weutilize systems provided by Toast, Inc. for point of sale, contactless ordering, handheld ordering, online ordering and delivery, aswell as marketing and payroll management. We believe that Toast’s systems provide us and our customers with streamlined operationsand allows us to efficiently turn tables and improve the sales conversion cycle, while reducing third-party commissions for online orders.

 

RestaurantIndustry Overview

 

Accordingto the National Restaurant Association (the “NRA”), U.S. restaurant industry sales in calendar year 2020 were $659.0 billionand are expected to grow at a growth rate of 19.7% to $789.1 billion in calendar year 2021.

 

Therestaurant industry is divided into several primary segments, including limited-service and full-service restaurants, which are generallycategorized by price, quality of food, service, and location. Yoshiharu sits at the intersection of these two segments offering the experienceand food quality of a full-service restaurant and the speed of service of a limited-service restaurant. We primarily compete with otherfull-service restaurants, which, according to the NRA, had approximately $285 billion of sales in calendar year 2019, prior to the onsetof the COVID-19 pandemic, and an increase of 3.8% over 2019. The limited-service segment generated $309 billion in calendar year 2019,or 3.2% over the prior year. COVID-19 had a material impact on consumer spending at restaurants in 2020, resulting in a decrease comparedto the prior year.

 

However,for 2021, restaurant sales are expected to increase due to rising vaccination numbers and consumers’ pent-up demand. Full-servicerestaurants are expected to generate $255 billion of sales in calendar year 2021, an increase of 27.8% over 2020, while limited-servicerestaurants are expected to generate $339 billion in sales, or 16.8% over the prior year.

 

72

 

 

Webelieve that increased multiculturalism in the United States, driven in part by growth in the Asian demographic, contributes to a favorablemacro environment for Yoshiharu’s future growth. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Asian population is projected to be oneof the fastest growing demographics in the United States, increasing in size from 20 million people in calendar year 2020 to 24.4 millionpeople by calendar year 2030. During this time, the Asian population’s share of the nation’s total population is projectedto increase by 15%, from approximately 6% to 6.9%.

 

Additionally,we believe that Yoshiharu is well-positioned to grow our share of the restaurant market as consumers seek quality, value, healthier options,and authentic global and regional cuisine in their dining choices. According to the National Restaurant Association 2019 State of theIndustry report, more than 60% of customers cite the availability of healthy menu options as a key factor in restaurant choice when eatingout. In addition, as referenced in the same report, ethnic spices, ethnic condiments, and Asian soups were among the projected top 25food trends for limited-service restaurants in calendar year 2019.

 

Wecannot provide assurance that we will benefit from these long-term demographic trends, although we believe the projected growth in theAsian population and the Asian influence on dining trends will result in an increase in demand for Japanese and Asian foods.

 

Competition

 

Weface significant competition from a variety of locally owned restaurants regional, and national chain restaurants offering both Asianand non-Asian cuisine, as well as takeaway options from grocery stores. Direct competition for Yoshiharu comes primarily from Asian restaurantsincluding other ramen noodles restaurants. Jinya Ramen Bar operates approximately 40 locations in the United States and also franchisestheir restaurants. We believe that we compete primarily based on product quality, dining experience, ambience, location, convenience,value perception, and price. Our competition continues to intensify as competitors increase the breadth and depth of their product offeringsand open new restaurants.

 

Seasonality

 

Dueto Yoshiharu’s menu breadth and diversification of offerings, we do not experience significant seasonality.

 

Employees

 

Asof September 30, 2021, we had approximately 120 employees, of whom 15 were exempt employees and the remainder were non-exempt employees.None of our employees are unionized or covered by collective bargaining agreements, and we consider our current employee relations tobe good.

 

GovernmentRegulation and Environmental Matters

 

Weare subject to extensive and varied federal, state and local government regulation, including regulations relating, among others, topublic and occupational health and safety, nutritional menu labeling, healthcare, the environment, sanitation and fire prevention. Weoperate each of our restaurants in accordance with standards and procedures designed to comply with applicable codes and regulations.However, an inability to obtain or retain health department or other licenses would adversely affect our operations. Although we havenot experienced, and do not anticipate, any significant difficulties, delays or failures in obtaining required licenses, permits or approvals,any such problem could delay or prevent the opening of, or adversely impact the viability of, a particular restaurant or group of restaurants.Additionally, difficulties, delays or failure to retain or renew licenses, permits or approvals, or increased compliance costs due tochanged regulations, could adversely affect operations at existing restaurants.

 

73

 

 

Inaddition, in order to develop and construct restaurants, we must comply with applicable zoning, land use and environmental regulations.Federal and state environmental regulations have not had a material effect on our operations to date, but more stringent and varied requirementsof local governmental bodies with respect to zoning, land use and environmental factors could delay or even prevent construction andincrease development costs for new restaurants. We are also required to comply with the accessibility standards mandated by the U.S.Americans with Disabilities Act, which generally prohibits discrimination in accommodation or employment based on disability. We mayin the future have to modify restaurants, for example, by adding access ramps or redesigning certain architectural fixtures, to provideservice to or make reasonable accommodations for disabled persons. While these expenses could be material, our current expectation isthat any such actions will not require us to expend substantial funds.

 

Alcoholicbeverage control regulations require each of our restaurants to apply to a state authority and, in certain locations, county or municipalauthorities for a license that must be renewed annually and may be revoked or suspended for cause at any time. Alcoholic beverage controlregulations relate to numerous aspects of daily operations of our restaurants, including minimum age of patrons and employees, hoursof operation, advertising, trade practices, wholesale purchasing, other relationships with alcohol manufacturers, wholesalers and distributors,inventory control and handling, storage and dispensing of alcoholic beverages. We are also subject in certain states to “dram shop”statutes, which generally provide a person injured by an intoxicated person the right to recover damages from an establishment that wrongfullyserved alcoholic beverages to the intoxicated person. We carry liquor liability coverage as part of our existing comprehensive generalliability insurance.

 

Further,we are subject to the U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act, the U.S. Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, the Occupational Safety andHealth Act and various other federal and state laws governing similar matters including minimum wages, overtime, workplace safety andother working conditions. Significant numbers of our food service and preparation personnel are paid at rates related to the applicableminimum wage, and further increases in the minimum wage or other changes in these laws could increase our labor costs. Our ability torespond to minimum wage increases by increasing menu prices will depend on the responses of our competitors and guests. Our distributorsand suppliers also may be affected by higher minimum wage and benefit standards, which could result in higher costs of goods and servicessupplied by us. We may also be subject to lawsuits from our employees, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or others allegingviolations of federal and state laws regarding workplace and employment matters, discrimination and similar matters.

 

Therehas been increased regulation of certain food establishments in the United States, such as the requirements to maintain a Hazard Analysisand Critical Control Points (“HACCP”) system. HACCP refers to a management system in which food safety is addressed throughthe analysis and control of potential hazards from production, procurement and handling, to manufacturing, distribution and consumptionof the finished product. Many states have required restaurants to develop and implement HACCP systems and the U.S. government continuesto expand the sectors of the food industry that must adopt and implement HACCP programs. We cannot assure you that we will not have toexpend additional time and resources to comply with new food safety requirements either required by current or future federal food safetyregulation or legislation. Additionally, our suppliers may initiate or otherwise be subject to food recalls that may impact the availabilityof certain products, result in adverse publicity or require us to take actions that could be costly for us or otherwise harm our business.

 

Anumber of states, counties and cities have enacted menu labeling laws requiring multi-unit restaurant operators to disclose to consumerscertain nutritional information, or have enacted legislation restricting the use of certain types of ingredients in restaurants. Manyof these requirements are inconsistent or interpreted differently from one jurisdiction to another. These requirements may be differentor inconsistent with requirements that we are subject to under the ACA, which establishes a uniform, federal requirement for certainrestaurants to post nutritional information on their menus. Specifically, the ACA requires chain restaurants with 20 or more locationsin the United States operating under the same name and offering substantially the same menus to publish the total number of caloriesof standard menu items on menus and menu boards, along with a statement that puts this calorie information in the context of a totaldaily calorie intake. The ACA also requires covered restaurants to provide to consumers, upon request, a written summary of detailednutritional information for each standard menu item, and to provide a statement on menus and menu boards about the availability of thisinformation upon request. While our ability to adapt to consumer preferences is a strength of our concepts, the effect of such labelingrequirements on consumer choices, if any, is unclear at this time.

 

74

 

 

Weare subject to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations concerning waste disposal, pollution, protection of the environment,and the presence, discharge, storage, handling, release and disposal of, or exposure to, hazardous or toxic substances (“environmentallaws”). These environmental laws can provide for significant fines and penalties for non-compliance and liabilities for remediation,sometimes without regard to whether the owner or operator of the property knew of, or was responsible for, the release or presence ofthe hazardous or toxic substances. Third parties may also make claims against owners or operators of properties for personal injuriesand property damage associated with releases of, or actual or alleged exposure to, such substances. We are not aware of any environmentallaws that will materially affect our earnings or competitive position, or result in material capital expenditures relating to our restaurants.However, we cannot predict what environmental laws will be enacted in the future, how existing or future environmental laws will be administered,interpreted or enforced, or the amount of future expenditures that we may need to make to comply with, or to satisfy claims relatingto, environmental laws. It is possible that we will become subject to environmental liabilities at our properties, and any such liabilitiescould materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Weare also subject to laws and regulations relating to information security, privacy, cashless payments, gift cards and consumer credit,protection and fraud, and any failure or perceived failure to comply with these laws could harm our reputation or lead to litigation,which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Furthermore,we are subject to import laws and tariffs which could impact our ability to source and secure food products, other supplies and equipmentnecessary to operate our restaurants.

 

Fora discussion of the various risks we face from regulation and compliance matters, see “Risk Factors.”

 

IntellectualProperty and Trademarks

 

YoshiharuAsset Co., our wholly owned subsidiary, owns a number of patents, trademarks and service marks registered or pending with the U.S. Patentand Trademark Office (“PTO”). The Company has registered the following marks with the PTO: YOSHIHARU RAMEN (Trademark Reg.No. 5030823) and Design Mark YOSHIHARU RAMEN (Trademark Reg. No. 5045588). In addition, we have registered the Internet domain name www.yoshiharuramen.com.The information on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this prospectus.

 

Webelieve that the trademarks, service marks and other intellectual property rights that we license from Yoshiharu Asset Co. have significantvalue and are important to the marketing and reputation of our brand. It is our policy to pursue registration of our intellectual propertywhenever possible and to oppose vigorously any infringement thereof. However, we cannot predict whether steps taken to protect such rightswill be adequate or whether Yoshiharu Asset Co. will take steps to enforce such rights with regard to any intellectual property thatwe license from them. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—We may become involved in lawsuitsinvolving Yoshiharu Asset Co. as the owner of intellectual property, or us as a licensee of intellectual property from Yoshiharu AssetCo., to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights, which could be expensive, time consuming, and unsuccessful.” We areaware of third-party restaurants with names similar to our restaurant name in certain limited geographical areas such as in California.However, we believe such uses will not adversely affect us.

 

LegalProceedings

 

Weare currently not involved in litigation that we believe will have a materially adverse effect on our financial condition or resultsof operations. There is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by any court, public board, government agency,self- regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the executive officers of our company or any of our subsidiariesthreatened against or affecting our company, our common stock, any of our subsidiaries or of our company’s or our company’ssubsidiaries’ officers or directors in their capacities as such, in which an adverse decision is expected to have a material adverseeffect.

 

75

 

 

MANAGEMENT

 

Thefollowing table sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers, directors and director nominees as of September 30,2021.

 

Name  Age  Position

James Chae

  58  President, Chief Executive Officer, Director and Chairman of the Board
Kevin Hartley  51  Chief Financial Officer
Jay Kim  59  Director
Helen Lee  57  Director
Ho Suk Kang  58  Director

 

Backgroundof Executive Officers and Directors

 

JamesChae, age 58, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer

 

Mr.Chae founded Yoshiharu in 2016. Led by Mr. Chae, Yoshiharu has expanded to become a leading Japanese cuisine restaurant chain in SouthernCalifornia. The root of Mr. Chae’s business knowledge comes from over two decades leading a wide array of industries includingboth the financial services and retail services segments. Mr. Chae has been a business executive for over 10 years, serving as the Presidentof APIIS Financial Inc., a financial planning and wealth management firm. Prior to APIIS, Mr. Chae served as the Managing Site Partnerfor John Hancock from January 2002 to October 2010. 

 

Mr.Chae immigrated from South Korea to the United States as a teenager, and diligently worked to enroll at UCLA where he studied Economics.Prior to graduation, Mr. Chae began his career at California Korea Bank, one of the first banks to service Koreans living in the UnitedStates. Mr. Chae rose to the position of Loan Adjuster before venturing out on his own as an entrepreneur. While starting his own businesses,Mr. Chae often found comfort in a warm bowl of ramen to uplift him and energize his spirit, which served as the inspiration for Yoshiharu.Mr. Chae’s background in the financial services industry provided him access to restaurants and retailers which helped him understandthe restaurant industry and more importantly, the necessary foundations in building a successful restaurant business. Mr. Chae believedthat there was a large addressable market for ramen, and together with his experience and passion for the business, founded Yoshiharu.As the founder and controlling stockholder of the Company, Mr. Chae possesses invaluable operational knowledge and insight making himqualified to serve as a member of our board of directors.

 

KevinHartley, age 51, Chief Financial Officer

 

Mr.Hartley has almost 30 years of experience, with 23 years in public accounting and consulting and 8 years in various roles with publicand private companies. Mr. Hartley began his career with Price Waterhouse in 1992. After 5 years, he left public practice to pursue opportunitiesoutside of public accountancy and over the subsequent 5 years he was involved with mergers and acquisitions and various debt and equityfinancing transactions. In 2002, Mr. Hartley re-entered public accountancy and spent the next 8 years with Windes & McClaughry’sAudit and Assurance Services practice, where his practice focus included financial reporting, SEC regulatory compliance, and internalcontrol evaluation. In 2010, Mr. Hartley started his own professional accounting and consulting services firm and has been operatingin that capacity since that time, ultimately leading to creation of Hartley Moore Accountancy Corporation in 2012 and then Adaptive CPAin 2016. His current services include operating in the capacity of contract CFO or Controller for a number of clients in addition toproviding project-based accounting services to others.

 

JayKim, age 59

 

Mr.Kim was appointed to serve as a director effective January ___, 2022. Mr. Kim serves as the Chief Executive Officer of RebornCoffee Inc. Prior to Reborn, Mr. Kim founded Wellspring Industry, Inc. in California in 2007 which created the yogurt distribution company“Tutti Frutti” and bakery-café franchise “O’My Buns.” Tutti Frutti grew to approximately 700 agentsworldwide that offered self-serve frozen yogurt. Mr. Kim sold the majority ownership of Wellspring to group of investors in 2017.

 

76

 

 

Priorto founding Wellspring, Mr. Kim was the owner of Coffee Roasters in Riverside, California from 2002 to 2007. Mr. Kim worked as the projectmanager for JES Inc., based in Brea, CA from 1997 to 2002 where he coordinated and managed environmental engineering projects. Mr. Kimworked as a Senior Process Engineer for Allied Signal Environment Catalyst in Tulsa, Oklahoma, from 1992 to 1997 where he coordinatedand implemented projects related to plant productivity and provided leadership and direction to other engineers as required and providedinformation needed for Division product quotations. He also acted as the leader in a start-up plant to be based in Mexico for AlliedSignal. From 1988 to 1992 he worked as the plant start-up engineer for Toyota Auto Body Inc.

 

Mr.Kim has a B.S, in Chemical Engineering from California State University at Long Beach and followed a Chemical office basic at US ArmyChemical School in 1988. He was commissioned 1st. LT. of the US Army in 1986 and retired from the US Army in 1988. Mr. Kim possessesextensive experience in leading and building restaurant and franchise companies making him qualified to serve as a member of our boardof directors and our Audit Committee.

 

HelenLee, age 57, Director

 

Ms.Lee was appointed to serve as a director effective January __, 2022. She has over 20 years of accounting experience helpingbusinesses and individuals manage and grow their financial well-being. She is the founder and leading partner of L&P CPAs,Inc. specializing in tax audit defense and business consulting.

 

Ms.Lee obtained her California CPA license in 2004 and passed the California Bar exam in 2021. Ms. Lee possesses extensive expertise inaudit and financial management, making her qualified to serve as a member of our board of directors and our Compensation Committee.

 

HoSuk Kang, age 59, Director

 

Mr.Gang was appointed to serve as a director effective January __, 2022. He is currently the managing partner of GSK LLP,which provides a variety of audit, tax and business consulting services to clients. He served as Chairman of the Board of Directors atUS Metro Bank, a regional bank with assets of approximately $1 billion. He also has served in various director positions at US MetroBank since 2006, including chairman of the audit committee.

 

Mr.Gang holds a Bachelor of Science degree in business administration major from Seoul National University (Korea). Mr. Gang is a certifiedpublic accountant from the state of California. Mr. Gang possesses extensive expertise and experience in audit and financial management,making him qualified to serve as a member of our board of directors and our Audit Committee.

 

Thereare no family relationships among our board of directors and executive officers.

 

ControlledCompany

 

Uponcompletion of this offering, James Chae will continue to control a majority of the combined voting power of our outstanding equity interests.As a result, we will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market.As a controlled company, exemptions under the standards will free us from the obligation to comply with certain corporate governancerequirements, including the requirements:

 

that a majority of our board of directors consists of “independent directors,” as defined under the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market;
   
that we have, to the extent applicable, a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities;
   
that we have a Compensation Committee composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and
   
for an annual performance evaluation of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Compensation Committee.

 

77

 

 

Sincewe intend to avail ourselves of the “controlled company” exception under the Nasdaq Stock Market rules, we will not havea Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. These exemptions do not modify the independence requirements for our Audit Committee,and we intend to comply with the requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market within the applicabletime frame. These rules require that our Audit Committee be composed of at least three members, a majority of whom will be independentwithin 90 days of the date of this prospectus, and all of whom will be independent within one year of the date of this prospectus.

 

Basedon the Nasdaq Stock Market corporate governance rules and the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act, our boardof directors has determined that Jay Kim, Helen Lee and Ho Suk Kang are each an independent director. We intend that a majorityof our directors will be independent prior to listing on the Nasdaq Capital Markets.

 

CorporateGovernance and Board Structure

 

Ourboard of directors currently consists of four members, and upon the closing of this offering, will continue to consistof four members. Our bylaws that will be effective upon the completion of this offering provides that our board of directors shall consistof at least 3 directors but not more than directors and the authorized number of directors may be fixed from time to time by resolutionof our board of directors. Based on the corporate governance rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market, Jay Kim, Helen Lee and Ho Suk Kangare independent directors.

 

Theauthorized number of directors may be changed by resolution of the board of directors. Vacancies on the board of directors can be filledby the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, and shall hold officeuntil the next annual meeting of the stockholders or until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified. Mr. Chae serves asthe Chairman of our board of directors. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure.”

 

Ourdirectors hold office until the earlier of their death, resignation, retirement, qualification or removal or until their successors havebeen duly elected and qualified.

 

Weexpect that our board of directors will fully implement our corporate governance initiatives at or prior to the closing of this offering.We believe these initiatives comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC adopted thereunder. In addition,we believe our corporate governance initiatives comply with the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market. After this offering, our board of directorswill continue to evaluate, and improve upon as appropriate, our corporate governance principles and policies.

 

78

 

 

Weexpect our board of directors to adopt a code of business conduct, effective upon the closing of the offering, that applies to each ofour directors, officers and employees. The code addresses various topics, including:

 

compliance with laws, rules and regulations;
   
conflicts of interest;
   
insider trading;
   
corporate opportunities;
   
competition and fair dealing;
   
fair employment practices;
   
recordkeeping;
   
confidentiality;
   
protection and proper use of company assets; and
   
payments to government personnel.

 

Wewill post on our website a current copy of the Code of Ethics and all disclosures that are required by law or market rules in regardto any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of the Code of Ethics.

 

BoardCommittees

 

Uponcompletion of this offering, our board of directors will have two standing committees: an Audit Committee and a Compensation Committee.Each of the committees will report to the board of directors as they deem appropriate, and as the board of directors may request. Inthe future, our board of directors may establish other committees, as it deems appropriate, to assist it with its responsibilities. Weintend to comply with the requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market with respect to committee composition of independent directors as theybecome applicable to us. Each committee has the composition, duties and responsibilities described below.

 

AuditCommittee

 

TheAudit Committee provides assistance to the board of directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities regarding the integrity offinancial statements, our compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, the integrity of our financial reporting processesincluding its systems of internal accounting and financial controls, the performance of our internal audit function and independent auditorand our financial policy matters by approving the services performed by our independent accountants and reviewing their reports regardingour accounting practices and systems of internal accounting controls. The Audit Committee also oversees the audit efforts of our independentaccountants and takes action as it deems necessary to satisfy itself that the accountants are independent of management.

 

Uponcompletion of this offering, our Audit Committee will consist of Jay Kim, Helen Lee and Ho Suk Kang with Mr. Kang serving as the AuditCommittee chairperson.

 

79

 

 

TheSEC rules and the Nasdaq Stock Market rules require us to have one independent Audit Committee member upon the listing of our Class Acommon stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market, a majority of independent directors on the Audit Committee within 90 days of the date of thecompletion of this offering and all independent Audit Committee members within one year of the date of the completion of this offering.Our board of directors has affirmatively determined that Jay Kim, Helen Lee and Ho Suk Kang meet the definition of “independentdirectors” for the purposes of serving on an Audit Committee under applicable SEC and Nasdaq Stock Market rules, and we arein compliance with these independence requirements and intend to remain in compliance within the time periods specified. Inaddition, Jay Kim, Helen Lee and Ho Suk Kang will qualify as our “audit committee financial experts,” as suchterm is defined in Item 407 of Regulation S-K.

 

Ingeneral, an “audit committee financial expert” is an individual member of the audit committee or board of directors who:

 

  understands generally accepted accounting principles and financial statements;

 

  is able to assess the general application of such principles in connection with accounting for estimates, accruals and reserves;

 

  has experience preparing, auditing, analyzing or evaluating financial statements comparable to the breadth and complexity to our financial statements;

 

  understands internal controls over financial reporting; and

 

  understands audit committee functions.

 

Ourboard of directors will adopt a new written charter for the Audit Committee, which will be available on our corporate website upon thecompletion of this offering, which will be consistent with the rules of the SEC and applicable stock exchange or market standards, includingthe Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Our website is not part of this prospectus.

 

CompensationCommittee

 

TheCompensation Committee oversees our overall compensation structure, policies and programs, and assesses whether our compensation structureestablishes appropriate incentives for officers and employees. The Compensation Committee reviews and approves corporate goals and objectivesrelevant to compensation of our chief executive officer and other executive officers, evaluates the performance of these officers inlight of those goals and objectives, sets the compensation of these officers based on such evaluations and reviews and recommends tothe board of directors any employment-related agreements, any proposed severance arrangements or change in control or similar agreementswith these officers. The Compensation Committee also grants stock options and other awards under our stock plans. The Compensation Committeewill review and evaluate, at least annually, the performance of the Compensation Committee and its members and the adequacy of the charterof the Compensation Committee.

 

Uponcompletion of this offering, our Compensation Committee will consist of Jay Kim and Helen Lee, with Mr. Kim serving as the CompensationCommittee chairperson.

 

Ourboard of directors will adopt a new written charter for the Compensation Committee, which will be available on our corporate websiteupon the completion of this offering. The information contained on our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus. As a controlledcompany, we may rely upon the exemption from the requirement that we have a Compensation Committee composed entirely of independent directors,although immediately following the completion of this offering our Compensation Committee will consist entirely of independent directors.

 

CompensationCommittee Interlocks

 

Weanticipate that none of our employees will serve on the Compensation Committee. None of the members of our Compensation Committee hasever been an officer or employee of us.

 

80

 

 

CorporateGovernance Guidelines

 

Priorto the completion of this offering, our board of directors will adopt corporate governance guidelines in accordance with the corporategovernance rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market.

 

RiskOversight

 

Ourboard of directors is currently responsible for overseeing our risk management process. The board of directors focuses on our generalrisk management strategy and the most significant risks facing us and ensures that appropriate risk mitigation strategies are implementedby management. The board of directors is also apprised of particular risk management matters in connection with its general oversightand approval of corporate matters and significant transactions.

 

Uponcompletion of this offering, our board of directors will not have a standing risk management committee, but rather will administer thisoversight function directly through our board of directors as a whole, as well as through various standing committees of our board ofdirectors that address risks inherent in their respective areas of oversight. In particular, our board of directors will be responsiblefor monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, our Audit Committee will be responsible for overseeing our major financial riskexposures and the steps our management has taken to monitor and control these exposures and our Compensation Committee will assess andmonitor whether any of our compensation policies and programs has the potential to encourage unnecessary risk-taking. In addition, uponcompletion of this offering, our Audit Committee will oversee the performance of our internal audit function and consider and approveor disapprove any related-party transactions.

 

Ourmanagement is responsible for day-to-day risk management. This oversight includes identifying, evaluating, and addressing potential risksthat may exist at the enterprise, strategic, financial, operational, compliance and reporting levels.

 

Riskand Compensation Policies

 

Priorto the completion of this offering, we intend to analyze our compensation programs and policies to determine whether those programs andpolicies are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us.

 

81

 

 

LeadershipStructure of the Board of Directors

 

Thepositions of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer are presently the same person and we do not have a lead independent director.As our bylaws, which will become effective prior to the completion of this offering, and corporate governance guidelines do not requirethat our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer positions be separate, our board of directors believes that having positions be held bythe same person is the appropriate leadership structure for us at this time. As of the date of this prospectus, we have determined thatthe leadership structure of our board of directors has permitted our board of directors to fulfill its duties effectively and efficientlyand is appropriate given the size and scope of our company and its financial condition.

 

EXECUTIVECOMPENSATION

 

CompensationPhilosophy

 

Ourcompensation philosophy includes:

 

pay for performance;
   
fair compensation that is competitive with market standards;
   
compensation mix according to growth stage of our company as well as job level; and
   
incentivizing employees to work for long-term sustainable and profitable growth of our company.

 

Objectiveof Executive Compensation Program

 

Theobjective of our compensation program is to provide a fair and competitive compensation package in the industry to each named executiveofficer (“NEO”) that will enable us to:

 

  attract and hire outstanding individuals to achieve our mid-term and long-term visions;
     
  motivate, develop and retain employees; and
     
align the financial interests of each named executive officer with the interests of our stakeholders including stockholders and encourage each named executive officer to contribute to enhance value of the Company.

 

Ournamed executive officers for fiscal year 2021, which consist of our principal executive officers, are:

 

James Chae, our Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer; and
   
Kevin Hartley, Chief Financial Officer.

 

Administration

 

Followingthe consummation of this offering, our Compensation Committee, which includes two independent directors, will oversee our executive compensationprogram and will be responsible for approving the nature and amount of the compensation paid to our NEOs. The committee will also administerour equity compensation plan and awards.

 

82

 

 

Elementsof Compensation

 

Ourcompensation program for NEOs consists of the following elements of compensation, each described in greater depth below:

 

base salaries;
   
performance-based bonuses;
   
equity-based incentive compensation; and
   
general benefits.

 

BaseSalary

 

Basesalaries are an annual fixed level of cash compensation to reflect each NEO’s performance, role and responsibilities, and retentionconsiderations.

 

Performance-BasedBonus

 

Toincentivize management to drive strong operating performance and reward achievement of our company’s business goals, our executivecompensation program includes performance-based bonuses for NEOs. Following consummation of this offering, our Compensation Committeewill establish annual target performance-based bonuses for each NEO during the first quarter of the fiscal year.

 

EquityCompensation

 

Wemay pay equity-based compensation to our NEOs in order to link our long-term results achieved for our stockholders and the rewards providedto NEOs, thereby ensuring that such NEOs have a continuing stake in our long-term success.

 

GeneralBenefits

 

OurNEOs are provided with other fringe benefits that we believe are commonly provided to similarly situated executives.

 

SummaryCompensation Table

 

Thefollowing table summarizes the compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our NEOs for fiscal years 2020 and 2021:

 

SummaryCompensation Table – Officers

 

(a)  (b)   (c)   (d)   (e)   (f)   (g)   (h)   (i)   (j) 
Name and Principal Position  Year   Salary   Bonus   Stock
Awards
   Option
Awards
   Non-equity
Incentive plan
compensation
   Change in Pension Value and Nonqualified deferred compensation earnings   All other
compensation
   Total 
        ($)    ($)    ($)    ($)    ($)    ($)    ($)    ($) 
James Chae, CEO
Chairman of the Board
   2021    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0- 
KevinHartley, CFO   2021   $12,000   -0-   $50,000    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0-   $50,000 
James Chae, CEO
Chairman of the Board
   2020    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0- 
Kevin Hartley, CFO   2020    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0-    -0- 

 

83

 

 

Narrativeto Summary Compensation Table

 

Thereis no employment contract with James Chae at this time. Nor are there any agreements for compensation in the future. A salary and stockoptions and/or warrants program may be developed in the future.

 

Wedo not currently have employment agreements with any of our NEOs. Wehave entered into a consulting agreement on October 1, 2021 with Kevin Hartley for his services as CFO of the Company pursuant to whichMr. Hartley receives $12,000 per year and additional compensation in the form of shares common stock which the parties agreed is valuedat $50,000.

 

OutstandingEquity Awards at Fiscal Year End

 

Asof December 31, 2021, there were no outstanding equity awards for each of the NEOs.

 

PaymentsUpon Termination or Change in Control

 

Noneof our NEOs are entitled to receive payments or other benefits upon termination of employment or a change in control.

 

RetirementPlans

 

Wedo not maintain any deferred compensation, retirement, pension or profit-sharing plans. We have adopted an incentive plan, the materialterms of which are described below.

 

EmployeeBenefits

 

Allof our full-time employees are eligible to participate in health and welfare plans maintained by the Company, including:

 

medical, dental and vision benefits; and
   
basic life and accidental death & dismemberment insurance.

 

OurNEOs participate in these plans on the same basis as other eligible employees. We do not maintain any supplemental health and welfareplans for our NEOs.

 

84

 

 

NonqualifiedDeferred Compensation

 

OurNEOs did not earn any nonqualified deferred compensation benefits from us during fiscal year 2021.

 

DirectorCompensation

 

Ouremployee directors did not receive any compensation for serving as a member of our board of directors during fiscal year2021 and after completion of this offering our directors who are also employees will continue to not receive compensation fortheir services as directors. Upon completion of this offering, we plan to implement a compensation plan for our non-employee directors,such that non-employee directors will receive an annual cash retainer and/or an annual grant of stock options. Our committee chairpersonswill receive certain additional retainer fees.

 

Directorswill be reimbursed for travel, food, lodging and other expenses directly related to their activities as directors, including expensesincurred in attending board meetings. Directors are also entitled to the protection provided by their indemnification agreements andthe indemnification provisions in our current certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as the amended and restated certificateof incorporation and amended and restated bylaws that will become effective prior to the completion of this offering.

 

PRINCIPALSTOCKHOLDERS

 

Thefollowing table presents information regarding beneficial ownership of our equity interests as of               ,2022 and as adjusted to reflect our sale of Class A common stock in this offering, by:

 

each stockholder or group of stockholders known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding equity interests
   
each of our directors;
   
each of our named executive officers; and
   
all of our directors and executive officers as a group.

 

Beneficialownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and thus represents voting or investment power with respect to our securities.Unless otherwise indicated below, to our knowledge, the persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and sole investmentpower with respect to all equity interests beneficially owned, subject to community property laws where applicable.

 

Percentageownership of our equity interests before this offering is based on 9,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock and 1,000,000shares of our Class B common stock outstanding as of               ,2022.

 

Percentageownership of our equity interests after this offering assumes the sale by us of 4,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock inthis offering.

 

On all matters to be voted on by stockholders, holders of our Class Acommon stock are entitled to one vote per share while holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to 10 votes per share. Upon completionof this offering and the adoption of our certificate of incorporation, the Class B common stock will be convertible as follows: (i) eachshare of Class B Common Stock will be automatically converted into one share of Class A common stock upon the earliest of the date suchshare ceases to be beneficially owned, as such term is defined under Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and (ii) eachshare of Class B common stock may be converted at any time into one share of Class A common stock at the option of the holder. The one-to-oneconversion ratio will be equitably preserved in the event of any stock dividend, stock split or combination or merger, consolidationor other reorganization by us with another entity.. With the exception of voting rights and conversion rights, holders of Class Aand Class B common stock will have identical rights.

 

85

 

 

Unlessotherwise indicated, the address of each individual listed in this table is c/o Yoshiharu Global Co., 6940 Beach Blvd. Suite D-705, BuenaPark, CA 90621.

 

    Prior to this offering   After this offering 
   Shares of
Class A
Common
Stock
Beneficially
Owned
   Shares of
Class B
Common
Stock
Beneficially
Owned
   Total
Voting
Power
Beneficially
   Shares of
Class A
Common
Stock
Beneficially
   Shares of
Class B
Common
Stock
Beneficially
Owned
   Total
Voting
Power
Beneficially
 
   Number   Percentage   Number   Percentage   Owned   Number   Percentage    Number   Percentage   Owned 
5% Holder:                                        
None                                        
Named Executive Officers and Directors:                                                  
James Chae   7,110,900    79.01%   1,000,000    100%   90.06%   7,110,900    54.70%   1,000,000    100%   74.40%
Kevin Hartley(1)                                        
Jay Kim   100,000    1.11%           1.11%   100,000    *            * 
Helen Lee   10,000    *            *    10,000                 
Ho Suk Kang                                        
Executive Officers and Directors as a Group (5 individuals)   7,220,900    80.23%   1,000,000    100%   90.64%   7,220,900    55.54%   1,000,000    100%   74.87%

 

* Indicates ownership of less than one percent.
   
(1)

Excludes $50,000 in Class A common stock issuable for services pursuant to Mr. Hartley’s consulting agreement, which shall be issued in 2022 after the completion of this offering.

 

CERTAINRELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

Relationshipwith James Chae

 

InDecember 2021, Yoshiharu Holdings was formed by James Chae as an S corporation for the purpose of acquiring all of the equity in eachof the 6 restaurant store entities which were previously founded and wholly owned directly by James Chae in exchange for an issuanceof 10,000,000 shares to James Chae, which constituted all of the issued and outstanding equity in Yoshiharu Holdings Co.

 

86

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. was incorporated on December 9, 2021 in Delawareby James Chae for purposes of effecting this offering. On December 9, 2021, James Chae contributed 100% of the equity in Yoshiharu HoldingsCo. to Yoshiharu Global Co. in exchange for the issuance by Yoshiharu Global Co. of 9,450,900 shares of Class A common stock to JamesChae. On December 10, 2021, the Company redeemed 670,000 shares of Class A common stock from James Chae at par ($0.0001 per share). InDecember 2021, the Company conducted a private placement solely to accredited investors and sold 670,000 shares of Class A common stockat $2.00 per share, which the Company’s board of directors determined to reflect the then current fair market value of the Company’sClass A common stock. The Company shall exchange 1,000,000 shares held by James Chae into 1,000,000 shares of Class B common stock immediatelyprior to the underwriting agreement. 

 

From time to time, the Company borrowed money from APIIS FinancialGroup, a company controlled by Mr. Chae. The balance is non-interest bearing and due on demand. As of September 30, 2021 and December31, 2020, the balance was $1,337,590 and $911,411, respectively.

 

From time to time, the Company made distributions in the form ofdividends to Mr. James Chae as the sole stockholder of the Company. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Mr. JamesChae was distributed $526,657 and $620,838, respectively.

 

As of       , 2022, James Chaeowned 100% of our outstanding Class B common (1,000,000) stock, and 79.01% of our Class A common stock, and 90.06% of our total votingpower. As discussed below in “Description of Securities” and elsewhere in this prospectus, our Class B common stock has 10votes per share, while our Class A common stock, which is the class of stock we are selling in this offering and which will be the onlyclass of stock that is publicly traded, has one vote per share.

 

Afterthe offering, 100% of our Class B common stock will be controlled by James Chae. As a result, James Chae will be able to control allmatters submitted to our stockholders for approval even if it owns significantly less than 50% of the number of shares of our outstandingequity interests. This concentrated control could discourage others from initiating any potential merger, takeover or other change ofcontrol transaction that other stockholders may view as beneficial.

 

Proceduresfor Approval of Related Party Transactions

 

Wedo not currently have a formal, written policy or procedure for the review and approval of related party transactions. However, all relatedparty transactions are currently reviewed and approved by our NEOs.

 

Ourboard of directors will adopt a written related person transaction policy, effective upon the closing of this offering, which sets forththe policies and procedures for the review and approval or ratification of related party transactions. This policy will be administratedby our Audit Committee. These policies will provide that, in determining whether or not to recommend the initial approval or ratificationof a related party transaction, the relevant facts and circumstances available shall be considered, including, among other factors itdeems appropriate, whether the interested transaction is on terms no less favorable than terms generally available to an unaffiliatedthird party under the same or similar circumstances and the extent of the related party’s interest in the transaction.

 

DESCRIPTIONOF SECURITIES

 

General

 

Thefollowing is a summary of our capital stock and provisions of our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, each of which will bein effect prior to the closing of this offering, and certain provisions of Delaware law. This summary does not purport to be completeand is qualified in its entirety by the provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, copies of which will be filed withthe SEC as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part.

 

Followingthe closing of this offering, we expect that our authorized capital stock will consist of 49,000,000 shares of Class A common stock,$0.0001 par value per share, 1,000,000 shares of Class B common stock and $0.0001 par value per share. We sometimes referto our Class A common stock and Class B common stock as “equity interests” when described on an aggregate basis.

 

Units

 

Each unithas an offering price of $4.50 and consists of one share of Class A common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of ClassA common stock. The share of Class A common stock and warrant that are part of the units are immediately separable and will be issuedseparately in this offering, although they will have been purchased together in this offering.

 

87

 

 

ClassA Common Stock

 

Priorto this offering, there were 9,000,000 shares of Class A common stock outstanding.

 

Followingthe closing of this offering, there will be 13,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock outstanding, which assumes the underwritersdo not exercise their option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock. Pursuant to our certificate of incorporation,holders of our Class A common stock will be entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, and holders of ourcommon stock will not be entitled to cumulative voting in the election of directors. This means that the holders of a majority of thecombined voting power of our outstanding equity interests will be able to elect all of the directors then standing for election. Subjectto the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of preferred stock, holders of our Class A common stock shall be entitledto receive dividends out of any of our funds legally available when, as and if declared by the board of directors. Upon the dissolution,liquidation or winding up of the Company, subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of our preferred stock, the holders of our equityinterests shall be entitled to receive the assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders ratably in proportionto the number of shares held by them. Holders of Class A common stock will not have preemptive or conversion rights or other subscriptionrights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. All outstanding shares of Class A common stockare, and the shares of Class A common stock offered in this prospectus will be when issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

 

ClassB Common Stock

 

Priorto this offering, there were 1,000,000 shares of Class B common stock outstanding held by one stockholder of record.

 

Followingthe closing of this offering, there will be 1,000,000 shares of our Class B common stock outstanding. Pursuant to our certificateof incorporation, our Class B common stock has the same rights as our Class A common stock except for (i) certain conversion rights asdescribed below under “—Conversion Rights,” and (ii) on all matters to be voted on by stockholders, holders of ourClass A common stock are entitled to one vote per share while holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to 10 votes per share.Subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of preferred stock, holders of our Class B common stock shallbe entitled to receive dividends out of any of our funds legally available when, as and if declared by our board of directors. Upon ourdissolution, liquidation or winding up, subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of our preferred stock, the holders of shares ofour equity interests shall be entitled to receive the assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders ratably inproportion to the number of shares held by them. Holders of Class B common stock will not have preemptive or other subscription rights.There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our Class B common stock. All outstanding shares of Class B common stockare fully paid and nonassessable.

 

JamesChae will be the only holder of shares of Class B common stock.

 

ConversionRights

 

Sharesof Class A Common Stock have no conversion rights. Each share of our Class B common stock is automatically convertible into one shareof Class A common stock upon the earliest of the date such share ceases to be beneficially owned, as such term is defined under Section13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In addition, each share of Class B common stock may be converted at any time into one shareof Class A common stock at the option of the holder. The one-to-one conversion ratio will be equitably preserved in the event of anystock dividend, stock split or combination or merger, consolidation or other reorganization by us with another entity. Except for theforegoing conversion rights of the Class B common stock and provisions applicable equally to both Class A common stock and Class B commonstock, including, but not limited to, the repurchase of such shares by the Company, there are no provisions which otherwise limit thelifespan of the Class B common stock or would require conversion to Class A common stock.

 

88

 

 

VotingRights

 

Exceptas required by Delaware law or except as otherwise provided in our certificate of incorporation, Class A common stock and Class B commonstock will vote together as a single class on all matters presented to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. Eachholder of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote for each share held of record on the applicable record date for all of these matters,while each holder of Class B common stock is entitled to 10 votes for each share held of record on the applicable record date for allof these matters.

 

Holdersof Class A common stock have no cumulative voting rights or preemptive rights to purchase or subscribe for any stock or other securities,and there are no conversion rights or redemption or sinking fund provisions with respect to Class A common stock. Class B common stockis identical in all respects to Class A common stock, except with respect to voting and conversion rights.

 

WarrantsIssued in this Offering

 

Form.The warrants will be issued under a warrant agent agreement between us and VStock Transfer,LLC, as warrant agent. The material terms and provisions of the warrants offered hereby are summarized below. The following descriptionis subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the form of warrant agent agreement and accompanying form of warrant, which is filedas an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. You should review a copy of the form of warrant agentagreement and accompanying form of warrant for a complete description of the terms and conditions applicable to the warrants.

 

Exercisability.The warrants are exercisable immediately upon issuance and will thereafter remain exercisable at anytime up to five (5) years from the date of original issuance. The warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in wholeor in part by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares purchased uponsuch exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed below).

 

ExercisePrice. Each warrant represents the right to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise priceof $           per share (equal to 125% of the public offering price).The exercise price is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain share dividends and distributions, stock splits, stockcombinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our shares of common stock and also upon any distributions of assets, includingcash, stock or other property to our shareholders. The warrant exercise price is also subject to anti-dilution adjustments under certaincircumstances.

 

CashlessExercise. If, at any time during the term of the warrants, the issuance of shares of common stock uponexercise of the warrants is not covered by an effective registration statement, the holder is permitted to effect a cashless exerciseof the warrants (in whole or in part) by having the holder deliver to us a duly executed exercise notice, canceling a portion of thewarrant in payment of the purchase price payable in respect of the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise.

 

Failureto Timely Deliver Shares. If we fail for any reason to deliver to the holder the shares subject toan exercise by the date that is the earlier of (i) two (2) trading days and (ii) the number of trading days that is the standard settlementperiod on our primary trading market as in effect on the date of delivery of the exercise notice, we must pay to the holder, in cash,as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of shares subject to such exercise (based on the daily volume weighted averageprice of our shares of common stock on the date of the applicable exercise notice), $10 per trading day (increasing to $20 per tradingday on the fifth (5th) trading day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each trading day after such date until such sharesare delivered or the holder rescinds such exercise. In addition, if after such date the holder is required by its broker to purchase(in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of common stock to deliverin satisfaction of a sale by the holder of the shares which the holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise, then we shall (A) payin cash to the holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any)for the shares of common stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of shares that we were requiredto deliver to the holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchaseobligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the holder, either reinstate the portion of the warrant and equivalent number of sharesfor which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the holder the number ofshares of common stock that would have been issued had we timely complied with our exercise and delivery obligations.

 

89

 

 

ExerciseLimitation. A holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of a warrant if the holder (togetherwith its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately aftergiving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the warrants. However, anyholder may increase or decrease such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99%, provided that any increase in such percentageshall not be effective until 61 days following notice from the holder to us.

 

ExchangeListing. We have filed an application for the listing of the warrants offered in this offering on theNasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “YOSHW.”

 

Rightsas a Shareholder. Except as otherwise provided in the warrants or by virtue of such holder’sownership of our shares of common stock, the holder of a warrant does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our shares ofcommon stock, including any voting rights, until the holder exercises the warrant.

 

GoverningLaw and Jurisdiction. The warrant agent agreement and warrant provide that the validity, interpretation,and performance of the warrant agent agreement and the warrants will be governed by the laws of the State of New York, without givingeffect to conflicts of law principles that would result in the application of the substantive laws of another jurisdiction. In addition,the warrant agent agreement and warrant provide that any action, proceeding or claim against any party arising out of or relating tothe warrant agent agreement or the warrants must be brought and enforced in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York,Borough of Manhattan. Investors in this offering will be bound by these provisions. However, we do not intend that the foregoing provisionswould apply to actions arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

 

Representative’sWarrants

 

Uponthe closing of this offering, there will be up to           shares of common stockissuable upon exercise of the representative’s warrants. See “Underwriting— Other Compensation” belowfor a description of the representative’s warrants.

 

Anti-TakeoverEffects of Delaware Law, Our Certificate of Incorporation and Our Bylaws

 

Certainprovisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws that will be effective prior to the closing of the offeringcould make the acquisition of the Company more difficult. These provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law could prohibit ordelay mergers or other takeover or change in control attempts and, accordingly, may discourage attempts to acquire us. These provisions,summarized below, are expected to discourage certain types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and are designedto encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to negotiate with our board of directors.

 

Stockholdermeetings. Under our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, only the board of directors, or the chairman of the board of directorsor the Chief Executive Officer with the concurrence of a majority of the board of directors, may call special meetings of stockholders.

 

90

 

 

Requirementsfor advance notification of stockholder nominations and proposals. Our bylaws establish advance notice procedures with respect tostockholder proposals and the nomination of candidates for election as directors.

 

Stockholderaction by written consent permitted only if our parent company and its affiliates own a majority of the voting power of the equity interests.Our certificate of incorporation authorizes the right of stockholders to act by written consent without a meeting. This provision will,in certain situations, make it more difficult for stockholders, who are not our parent company or its affiliates, to take action opposedby the board of directors.

 

Amendmentof provisions in the certificate of incorporation. Our certificate of incorporation will require the affirmative vote of the holdersof at least two-thirds of the combined voting power of our outstanding equity interests in order to amend any provision of our certificateof incorporation.

 

Amendmentof provisions in the bylaws. Our bylaws will require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the combined votingpower of our outstanding equity interests in order to amend any provision of our bylaws.

 

Controlledcompany. As discussed above, our Class B common stock has 10 votes per share, while Class A common stock, which is the class of stockwe are selling in this offering and which will be the only class of stock that is publicly traded, has one vote per share. After theoffering, 100% of our Class B common stock will be held by James Chae. Until our dual class structure terminates, James Chae will beable to control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval even if it owns significantly less than 50% of the number of sharesof our outstanding equity interests. This concentrated control could discourage others from initiating any potential merger, takeoveror other change of control transaction that other stockholders may view as beneficial.

 

Weanticipate that we will not be governed by Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.

 

ExclusiveForum

 

Ourbylaws, to be effective in connection with the completion of this offering, will contain an exclusive forum provision providing thatthe Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for: (1) any derivative action or proceeding broughton our behalf, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by, or other wrongdoing by, any of our directors,officers, employees, agents or stockholders, (3) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws, or (4) any action asserting a claim that is governed by the internalaffairs doctrine. However, Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce anyduty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the exclusive forum provision willnot apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courtshave exclusive jurisdiction.

 

Inaddition, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforceany duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the exclusive forum provisionswill not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or any other claim for which the federaland state courts have concurrent jurisdiction, and our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federalsecurities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

 

Anyperson purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to haveconsented to this provision included in our bylaws which we will adopt prior to the completion of this offering. The exclusive forumprovisions, if enforced, may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputeswith us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find theexclusive forum provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolvingsuch action in other jurisdictions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand growth prospects. For example, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware recently determined that a provision stating that U.S.federal district courts are the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the SecuritiesAct is not enforceable.

 

91

 

 

TransferAgent and Registrar

 

Ourtransfer agent and registrar is VStock Transfer, LLC.

 

Listing

 

Wehave applied to list our Class A common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “YOSH” and our warrants under“YOSHW”.

 

SHARESELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

 

Priorto this offering, there has not been a public market of our Class A common stock or any of our equity securities. Future sales of ourClass A common stock, including shares issued upon the exercise of outstanding options or warrants, in the public market after this offering,or the perception that those sales may occur, could cause the prevailing market price for our Class A common stock to fall or impairour ability to raise equity capital in the future. As described below, only a limited number of shares of our Class A common stock willbe available for sale in the public market for a period of several months after consummation of this offering due to contractual andlegal restrictions on resale described below. Future sales of our Class A common stock in the public market either before (to the extentpermitted) or after restrictions lapse, or the perception that those sales may occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market priceof our Class A common stock at such time and our ability to raise equity capital at a time and price we deem appropriate. Furthermore,although we have applied to have our Class A common stock listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, we cannot assure you that there will bean active public trading market for our Class A common stock.

 

Saleof Restricted Shares

 

Basedon the number of shares of our equity interests outstanding immediately prior to this offering, upon the closing of this offering andassuming (i) no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock to cover over-allotmentsand (ii) no exercise of outstanding options or warrants, we will have outstanding an aggregate of approximately 13,000,000 ClassA common shares. Of these shares, all of the 4,000,000 shares of Class A common stock to be sold in this offering, and anyshares sold upon exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares to cover over-allotments, will be freely tradablein the public market without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, unless the shares are held by any of our “affiliates”as such term is defined in Rule 144 of the Securities Act. In general, affiliates include our executive officers, directors, and 10%shareholders. All remaining shares of equity securities held by existing stockholders immediately prior to the closing of this offeringwill be “restricted securities” as such term is defined in Rule 144. These restricted securities were issued and sold byus, or will be issued and sold by us, in private transactions and are eligible for public sale only if registered under the SecuritiesAct or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, including the exemptions provided by Rule 144 orRule 701, which rules are summarized below.

 

Lock-UpAgreements

 

Inconnection with this offering, we, our directors, our executive officers, a consultant and our existing Class A common stockholders andClass B common stockholder (James Chae) have agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to dispose of or hedge any shares of our equityinterests or securities convertible into or exchangeable for our equity interests during the period from the date of the lock-up agreementcontinuing through the date 12 months after the date of the final prospectus, except with the prior written consent of the representativeof the underwriters. These lock-up agreements are subject to certain limited exceptions. For additional information, see “Underwriting.”

 

Followingthe lock-up period set forth in the agreements described above, and assuming that the representative of the underwriters does not releaseany parties from these agreements, all of the equity interests that are restricted securities or are held by our affiliates as of thedate of this prospectus will be eligible for sale in the public market in compliance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

 

92

 

 

Rule144

 

Non-affiliateresales of restricted securities

 

Ingeneral, under Rule 144, as currently in effect, once we have been subject to the public company reporting requirements of the ExchangeAct for at least 90 days, a person (or persons whose shares are required to be aggregated) who is not deemed to have been one of our“affiliates” for purposes of Rule 144 at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who has beneficially ownedrestricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 for at least six months, including the holding period of any prior owner other thanone of our “affiliates,” is entitled to sell those shares in the public market (subject to the lock-up agreements referredto above, if applicable) without complying with the manner of sale, volume limitations or notice provisions of Rule 144, but subjectto compliance with the public information requirements of Rule 144. If such a person has beneficially owned the shares proposed to besold for at least one year, including the holding period of any prior owner other than “affiliates,” then such person isentitled to sell such shares in the public market without complying with any of the requirements of Rule 144 (subject to the lock-upagreements referred to above, if applicable).

 

Affiliateresales of restricted securities

 

Ingeneral, under Rule 144, as currently in effect, once we have been subject to the public company reporting requirements of the ExchangeAct for at least 90 days, our “affiliates,” as defined in Rule 144, who have beneficially owned the shares proposed to besold for at least six months are entitled to sell in the public market, upon expiration of any applicable lock-up agreements and withinany three-month period, a number of those shares of our equity interests that does not exceed the greater of:

 

1% of the number of equity interests then outstanding, which will equal approximately      shares of equity interests immediately after this offering (calculated on the basis of the assumptions described above and assuming no exercise of the underwriter’s option to purchase additional shares and no exercise of outstanding options or warrants); or

 

the average weekly trading volume of our Class A common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to such sale.

 

Suchsales under Rule 144 by our “affiliates” or persons selling shares on behalf of our “affiliates” are also subjectto certain manner of sale provisions, notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about us. Notwithstandingthe availability of Rule 144, the holders of substantially all of our restricted securities have entered into lock-up agreements as referencedabove and their restricted securities will become eligible for sale (subject to the above limitations under Rule 144) upon the expirationof the restrictions set forth in those agreements.

 

Rule701

 

Ingeneral, under Rule 701 as currently in effect, any of our employees, directors, officers, consultants or advisors who acquired equityinterests from us in connection with a written compensatory stock or option plan or other written agreement in compliance with Rule 701under the Securities Act before the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part (to the extent suchequity interests are not subject to a lock-up agreement) is entitled to rely on Rule 701 to resell such equity interests beginning 90days after we become subject to the public company reporting requirements of the Exchange Act in reliance on Rule 144, but without compliancewith the holding period requirements contained in Rule 144. Accordingly, subject to any applicable lock-up agreements, beginning 90 daysafter we become subject to the public company reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, under Rule 701 persons who are not our “affiliates,”as defined in Rule 144, may resell those shares without complying with the minimum holding period or public information requirementsof Rule 144, and persons who are our “affiliates” may resell those shares without compliance with Rule 144’s minimumholding period requirements (subject to the terms of the lock-up agreements referred to below, if applicable).

 

93

 

 

MATERIALU.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

 

Thefollowing is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to the acquisition, ownershipand disposition of our units, shares of Class A common stock and warrants, which we refer to collectively as our securities. Becausethe components of a unit are separable at the option of the holder, the holder of a unit generally should be treated, for U.S. federalincome tax purposes, as the owner of the underlying shares of Class A common stock and one warrant components of the unit, as the casemay be. As a result, the discussion below with respect to actual holders of Class A common stock and warrants should also apply to holdersof units (as the deemed owners of the underlying Class A common stock and warrants that comprise the units). This discussion appliesonly to securities that are held as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes and is applicable only to holders who purchasedunits in this offering.

 

Thisdiscussion is a summary only and does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to you in light of your particularcircumstances, including but not limited to the alternative minimum tax, the Medicare tax on certain investment income and the differentconsequences that may apply if you are subject to special rules that apply to certain types of investors, including but not limited to:

 

  our initial stockholders, officers, or directors;
     
  financial institutions or financial services entities;
     
  broker-dealers;
     
  governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;
     
  regulated investment companies;
     
  real estate investment trusts;
     
  expatriates or former long-term residents of the United States;
     
  persons that actually or constructively own 5% or more of our voting shares;
     
  insurance companies;
     
  dealers or traders subject to a mark-to-market method of accounting with respect to the securities;
     
  persons holding the securities as part of a “straddle,” hedge, integrated transaction or similar transaction;
     
  U.S. holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar;
     
  partnerships or other pass-through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes and any beneficial owners of such entities; and
     
  tax-exempt entities.

 

Ifa partnership (including an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds our securities,the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner, member or other beneficial owner in such partnership will generally depend upon thestatus of the partner, member or other beneficial owner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner,member or other beneficial owner level. If you are a partner, member or other beneficial owner of a partnership for U.S. federal incometax purposes holding our securities, you are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of the acquisition, ownershipand disposition of our securities.

 

Thisdiscussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and administrative pronouncements, judicialdecisions and final, temporary and proposed Treasury Regulations as of the date hereof, which are subject to change, possibly on a retroactivebasis, and changes to any of which subsequent to the date of this prospectus may affect the tax consequences described herein. We havenot sought, and do not intend to seek, a ruling from the IRS with respect to the statements made and conclusions reached in this summary.There is no guarantee that the IRS or any court would agree with such statements and conclusions. This discussion does not address anyaspect of state, local or non-U.S. taxation, or any U.S. federal taxes other than income taxes (such as gift and estate taxes).

 

94

 

 

THISDISCUSSION OF U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TAX ADVICE. WE URGE PROSPECTIVEHOLDERS TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF ACQUIRING, OWNING AND DISPOSINGOF OUR SECURITIES, AS WELL AS ANY STATE, LOCAL AND NON-U.S. INCOME, ESTATE AND OTHER TAX CONSIDERATIONS.

 

Allocationof Purchase Price and Characterization of a Unit

 

Nostatutory, administrative or judicial authority directly addresses the treatment of the unit or instruments with terms substantiallythe same as the unit for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, therefore, that treatment is not entirely clear. The acquisition of aunit should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as the acquisition of one share of our Class A common stock and one warrant,with each whole warrant exercisable to acquire one share of our Class A common stock. We intend to treat the acquisition of a unit inthis manner and, by purchasing a unit, you agree to adopt such treatment for tax purposes. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, eachholder of a unit must allocate the purchase price paid by such holder for such unit between the one share of Class A common stock andthe one warrant based on the relative fair market value of each at the time of issuance. The price allocated to each share of Class Acommon stock and the one warrant should be the stockholder’s initial tax basis in such share or warrant, as the case may be. Anydisposition of a unit should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a disposition of the share of Class A common stock andone warrant comprising the unit, and the amount realized on the disposition should be allocated between the Class A common stock andthe one warrant based on their respective relative fair market values at the time of disposition (as determined by each such unit holderbased on all the facts and circumstances). Neither the separation of the share of our Class A common stock and one warrant constitutinga unit nor the combination of two halves of warrants into a single warrant should be a taxable event for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

Theforegoing treatment of the unit and a holder’s purchase price allocation are not binding on the IRS or the courts. Because thereare no authorities that directly address instruments that are similar to the units, no assurance can be given that the IRS or the courtswill agree with the characterization described above or the discussion below. Accordingly, each prospective investor is urged to consultits own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of an investment in a unit (including alternative characterizations of a unit). Thebalance of this discussion assumes that the characterization of the units described above is respected for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

U.S.Holders

 

Thissection applies to you if you are a “U.S. holder.” A U.S. holder is a beneficial owner of our units, shares of Class A commonstock or warrants who or that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

 

  an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
     
  a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;
     
  an estate the income of which is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or
     
  a trust, if (i) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more United States persons (as defined in the Code) have authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (ii) it has a valid election in effect under the Treasury Regulations to be treated as a United States person.

 

Taxationof Distributions. If we pay distributions in cash or other property (other than certain distributions of our shares or rights toacquire our shares) to U.S. holders of shares of our Class A common stock, such distributions generally will constitute dividends forU.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will constitute a return of capital thatwill be applied against and reduce (but not below zero) the U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in our Class A common stock. Any remainingexcess will be treated as gain realized on the sale or other disposition of the Class A common stock and will be treated as describedunder “U.S. Holders — Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock and Warrants”below.

 

95

 

 

Dividendswe pay to a U.S. holder that is a taxable corporationgenerally will qualify for the dividends received deduction if the requisite holding period is satisfied. With certain exceptions (including,but not limited to, dividends treated as investment income for purposes of investment interest deduction limitations), and provided certainholding period requirements are met, dividends we pay to a non-corporate U.S. holder generally will constitute “qualified dividends”that will be subject to tax at the preferential tax rate for long-term capital gains. It is unclear whether the redemption rights withrespect to the Class A common stock described in this prospectus may prevent a U.S. holder from satisfying the applicable holding periodrequirements with respect to the dividends received deduction or the preferential tax rate on qualified dividend income, as the casemay be. If the holding period requirements are not satisfied, then a corporation may not be able to qualify for the dividends receiveddeduction and would have taxable income equal to the entire dividend amount, and non-corporate holders may be subject to tax on suchdividend at regular ordinary income tax rates instead of the preferential rate that applies to qualified dividend income.

 

Gainor Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock and Warrants. Upon a sale or other taxabledisposition of our Class A common stock or warrants (which, in general, would include a redemption of Class A common stock or warrantsthat is treated as a sale of such securities as described below, and including as a result of a dissolution and liquidation in the eventwe do not consummate an initial business combination within the required time period), a U.S. holder generally will recognize gain orloss in an amount calculated as discussed in the following paragraph. Any such gain or loss will be capital gain or loss, and generallywill be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder’s holding period for the Class A common stock or warrants so disposedof exceeds one year. Long-term capital gains recognized by non-corporate U.S.holders will be eligible to be taxed at reduced rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

 

Generally,the amount of gain or loss recognized by a U.S. holder is equal to the difference between (i) the sum of the amount of cash and the fairmarket value of any property received in such disposition (or, if the Class A common stock or warrants are held as part of units at thetime of the disposition, the portion of the amount realized on such disposition that is allocated to the Class A common stock or thewarrants based upon the then relative fair market values of the Class A common stock and the warrants included in the units) and (ii)the U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in its Class A common stock or warrants so disposed of. A U.S. holder’s adjusted taxbasis in its Class A common stock or warrants generally will equal the U.S. holder’s acquisition cost (that is, as discussed above,the portion of the purchase price of a unit allocated to a share of Class A common stock or one warrant or, as discussed below, the U.S.holder’s initial basis for Class A common stock received upon exercise of warrants) reduced, in the case of a share of Class Acommon stock, by any prior distributions treated as a return of capital as discussed above under the heading “U.S. Holders —Taxation of Distributions.”

 

Redemptionof Class A Common Stock. In the event that we purchase a U.S. holder’s Class A common stock in an open market transaction (each of which we refer to as a “redemption”),the treatment of the transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes will depend on whether the redemption qualifies as a sale or exchangeof the Class A common stock under Section 302 of the Code. If the redemption qualifies as a sale or exchange of the Class A common stock,the U.S. holder will be treated as described under “U.S. Holders — Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other TaxableDisposition of Class A Common Stock and Warrants” above. If the redemption does not qualify as a sale or exchange of the ClassA common stock, the U.S. holder will be treated as receiving a corporate distribution with the tax consequences described above under“U.S. Holders — Taxation of Distributions”. Whether a redemption qualifies for sale or exchange treatment will dependlargely on the total number of shares of our stock treated as held by the U.S. holder (including any stock constructively owned by theU.S. holder as a result of owning warrants) relative to all of our shares outstanding both before and after the redemption. The redemptionof Class A common stock generally will be treated as a sale of the Class A common stock (rather than as a corporate distribution) ifthe redemption (i) is “substantially disproportionate” with respect to the U.S. holder, (ii) results in a “completetermination” of the U.S. holder’s interest in us or (iii) is “not essentially equivalent to a dividend” withrespect to the U.S. holder. These tests are explained more fully below.

 

96

 

 

Indetermining whether any of the foregoing tests are satisfied, a U.S. holder takes into account not only stock actually owned by the U.S.holder, but also shares of our stock that are constructively owned by it. A U.S. holder may constructively own, in addition to stockowned directly, stock owned by certain related individuals and entities in which the U.S. holder has an interest or that have an interestin such U.S. holder, as well as any stock the U.S. holder has a right to acquire by exercise of an option, which would generally includeClass A common stock which could be acquired pursuant to the exercise of the warrants. In order to meet the substantially disproportionatetest, the percentage of our outstanding voting stock actually and constructively owned by the U.S. holder immediately following the redemptionof Class A common stock must, among other requirements, be less than 80% of the percentage of our outstanding voting stock actually andconstructively owned by the U.S. holder immediately before the redemption. There will be a complete termination of a U.S. holder’sinterest if either (i) all of the shares of our stock actually and constructively owned by the U.S. holder are redeemed or (ii) all ofthe shares of our stock actually owned by the U.S. holder are redeemed and the U.S. holder is eligible to waive, and effectively waivesin accordance with specific rules, the attribution of stock owned by certain family members and the U.S. holder does not constructivelyown any other shares of our stock (including stock constructively owned by the U.S. holder as a result of owning warrants). The redemptionof the Class A common stock will not be essentially equivalent to a dividend with respect to a U.S. holder if the redemption resultsin a “meaningful reduction” of the U.S. holder’s proportionate interest in us. Whether the redemption will result ina meaningful reduction in a U.S. holder’s proportionate interest in us will depend on the particular facts and circumstances. However,the IRS has indicated in a published ruling that even a small reduction in the proportionate interest of a small minority stockholderin a publicly held corporation who exercises no control over corporate affairs may constitute such a “meaningful reduction.”A U.S. holder should consult with its own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of a redemption.

 

Ifnone of the foregoing tests is satisfied, then the redemption will be treated as a corporate distribution and the tax effects will beas described under “U.S. Holders — Taxation of Distributions” above. After the application of those rules, any remainingtax basis of the U.S. holder in the redeemed shares of Class A common stock will be added to the U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basisin its remaining shares, or, if it has none, to the U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in its warrants or possibly in other stockconstructively owned by it.

 

Exercise,Lapse or Redemption of a Warrant. Except as discussed below with respect to the cashless exercise of a warrant, a U.S. holder generallywill not recognize taxable gain or loss on the acquisition of common stock upon exercise of a warrant for cash. The U.S. holder’stax basis in the share of our Class A common stock received upon exercise of the warrant generally will be an amount equal to the sumof the U.S. holder’s initial investment in the warrant (i.e., the portion of the U.S. holder’s purchase price for the unitsthat is allocated to the warrant, as described above under “Allocation of Purchase Price and Characterization of a Unit”)and the exercise price of such warrant. It is unclear whether the U.S. holder’s holding period for the Class A common stock receivedupon exercise of the warrant will begin on the date following the date of exercise or on the date of exercise of the warrant; in eithercase, the holding period will not include the period during which the U.S. holder held the warrant. If a warrant is allowed to lapseunexercised, a U.S. holder generally will recognize a capital loss equal to such holder’s tax basis in the warrant.

 

Thetax consequences of a cashless exercise of a warrant are not clear under current tax law. A cashless exercise may be nontaxable, eitherbecause the exercise is not a gain realization event or because the exercise is treated as a “recapitalization” for U.S.federal income tax purposes. In either situation, a U.S. holder’s tax basis in the Class A common stock received would generallyequal the holder’s tax basis in the warrants exercised therefor. If the cashless exercise was not a gain realization event, itis unclear whether a U.S. holder’s holding period for the Class A common stock would commence on the date of exercise of the awarrant or on the day following the date of exercise of the warrant. If the cashless exercise were treated as a recapitalization, theholding period of the Class A common stock would include the holding period of the warrants exercised therefor.

 

97

 

 

Itis also possible that a cashless exercise could be treated in whole or in part as a taxable exchange in which gain or loss would be recognized.In such event, a U.S. holder could be deemed to have surrendered a number of warrants having an aggregate fair market value equal tothe exercise price for the total number of warrants to be exercised. The U.S. holder would recognize capital gain or loss in an amountequal to the difference between the fair market value of the Class A common stock received in respect of the warrants deemed surrenderedand the U.S. holder’s tax basis in such warrants. Such gain or loss would be long-term or short-term, depending onthe U.S. holder’s holding period in the warrants deemed surrendered. In this case, a U.S. holder’s tax basis in the ClassA common stock received would equal the sum of the U.S. holder’s initial investment in the warrants exercised (i.e., the portionof the U.S. holder’s purchase price for the units that is allocated to the warrants, as described above under “Allocationof Purchase Price and Characterization of a Unit”) and the exercise price of such warrants. It is unclear whether a U.S. holder’sholding period for the Class A common stock would commence on the date following the date of exercise or on the date of exercise of thewarrant; in either case, the holding period would not include the period during which the U.S. holder held the warrant.

 

Dueto the absence of authority on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a cashless exercise, including when a U.S. holder’s holdingperiod would commence with respect to the Class A common stock received, there can be no assurance which, if any, of the alternativetax consequences and holding periods described above would be adopted by the IRS or a court of law. Accordingly, U.S. holders shouldconsult their tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of a cashless exercise.

 

Ifwe redeem warrants for cash or if we purchase warrants in an open market transaction, such redemption or purchase generally will be treatedas a taxable disposition to the U.S. holder, taxed as described above under “U.S. Holders — Gain or Loss on Sale, TaxableExchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock and Warrants.” A redemption of warrants for Class A common stockshould generally be treated as a “recapitalization” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, a U.S. holder shouldnot recognize any gain or loss on the redemption of warrants for shares of the Class A common stock. A U.S. holder’s aggregatetax basis in the shares of Class A common stock received in the redemption should equal the U.S. holder’s aggregate tax basis inthe warrants redeemed and the holding period for the shares of Class A common stock received in redemption of the warrants should includethe U.S. holder’s holding period for the surrendered warrants. However, there is some uncertainty regarding this tax treatmentand it is possible such a redemption could be treated in part as a taxable exchange in which gain or loss would be recognized in a mannersimilar to that discussed above for a cashless exercise of warrants or otherwise characterized. Accordingly, a U.S. holder is urged toconsult its tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of a redemption of warrants for shares of Class A common stock.

 

PossibleConstructive Distributions. The terms of each warrant provide for an adjustment to the number of shares of Class A common stock forwhich the warrant may be exercised or to the exercise price of the warrant in certain events, as discussed in the section of this prospectusentitled “Description of Securities — Warrants Issued in this Offering.” An adjustment which has the effect of preventingdilution generally is not taxable. U.S. holders of the warrants would, however, be treated as receiving a constructive distribution fromus if, for example, the adjustment to the number of such shares or to such exercise price increases the warrantholders’ proportionateinterest in our assets or earnings and profits (e.g., through an increase in the number of shares of Class A common stock that wouldbe obtained upon exercise or through a decrease in the exercise price of the warrant) as a result of a distribution of cash or otherproperty, such as other securities, to the holders of shares of our Class A common stock, or as a result of the issuance of a stock dividendto holders of shares of our Class A common stock, in each case which is taxable to the holders of such shares as a distribution (as describedunder “U.S. Holders — Taxation of Distributions” above). Such constructive distribution would be subject to tax inthe same manner as if the U.S. holders of the warrants received a cash distribution from us equal to the fair market value of such increasedinterest resulting from the adjustment.

 

InformationReporting and Backup Withholding. In general, information reporting requirements may apply to dividends paid to a U.S. holder andto the proceeds of the sale or other disposition of our units, shares of Class A common stock and warrants, unless the U.S. holder isan exempt recipient. Backup withholding may apply to such payments if the U.S. holder fails to provide a taxpayer identification number,a certification of exempt status or has been notified by the IRS that it is subject to backup withholding (and such notification hasnot been withdrawn).

 

98

 

 

Backupwithholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or a creditagainst a U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

 

AllU.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of information reporting and backup withholding to them.

 

Non-U.S.Holders

 

Thissection applies to you if you are a “Non-U.S. holder.” As used herein, the term “Non-U.S. holder” means a beneficialowner of our units, Class A common stock or warrants who or that is an individual, corporation, estate or trust and is not a U.S. holder,but generally does not include an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of disposition.If you are such an individual, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition,ownership or sale or other disposition of our securities.

 

Taxationof Distributions. In general, any distributions (including constructive distributions) we make to a Non-U.S. holder of shares ofour Class A common stock, to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles), will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Provided such dividends are not effectively connectedwith the Non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and are not attributable to a U.S. permanentestablishment under an applicable treaty), we will be required to withhold tax from the gross amount of the dividend at a rate of 30%,unless such Non-U.S. holder is eligible for a reduced rate of withholding tax under an applicable income tax treaty and provides propercertification of its eligibility for such reduced rate (usually on an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable). In the case of anyconstructive dividend, it is possible that this tax would be withheld from any amount owed to a Non-U.S. holder by the applicable withholdingagent, including cash distributions on other property or sale proceeds from warrants or other property subsequently paid or creditedto such holder. Any distribution not constituting a dividend will be treated first as reducing (but not below zero) the Non-U.S. holder’sadjusted tax basis in its shares of our Class A common stock and, to the extent such distribution exceeds the Non-U.S. holder’sadjusted tax basis, as gain realized from the sale or other disposition of the Class A common stock, which will be treated as describedunder “Non-U.S. Holders — Gain on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock and Warrants”below. In addition, if we determine that we are classified as a “United States real property holding corporation” (see “Non-U.S.Holders — Gain on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock and Warrants” below) and sharesof our Class A common stock are not considered to be regularly traded on an established securities market, we will withhold 15% of anydistribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, including a distribution in redemption of shares of our ClassA common stock. See also “Non-U.S. Holders — Possible Constructive Distributions” for potential U.S. federal tax consequenceswith respect to constructive distributions.

 

Dividendswe pay to a Non-U.S. holder that are effectively connected with such Non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business within theUnited States (or, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by theNon-U.S. holder) will generally not be subject to withholding tax, provided such Non-U.S. holder complies with certain certificationand disclosure requirements (usually by providing an IRS Form W-8ECI). Instead, such dividends will generally be subject to regular U.S.federal income tax as if the Non-U.S. holder were a United States resident, subject to an applicable income tax treaty providing otherwise.A Non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to an additional “branch profits tax”imposed at a rate of 30% (or a lower applicable treaty rate).

 

Gainon Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock and Warrants. Subject to the discussion of FATCA andbackup withholding below, a Non-U.S. holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax in respect of gainrecognized on a sale, taxable exchange or other taxable disposition of our Class A common stock, which would include a dissolution andliquidation in the event we do not complete an initial business combination within the required period of time, or warrants (includingan expiration or redemption of our warrants), in each case without regard to whether those securities were held as part of a unit, unless:

 

  the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business by the Non-U.S. holder within the United States (and, under certain income tax treaties, is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base in the United States maintained by the Non-U.S. holder); or

 

99

 

 

  we are or have been a “United States real property holding corporation” for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of disposition of the applicable security or the period that the Non-U.S. holder held the applicable security, and, in the case where shares of our Class A common stock are regularly traded on an established securities market, the Non-U.S. holder has owned, directly or constructively, (i) more than 5% of our Class A common stock, (ii) more than 5% of the units, provided the units are considered to be regularly traded, or (iii) more than 5% of the warrants, provided the warrants are considered to be regularly traded, in each case at any time within the shorter of the five-year period preceding the disposition of the applicable security or such Non-U.S. holder’s holding period for the applicable security. There can be no assurance that our Class A common stock will be treated as regularly traded on an established securities market for this purpose.

 

Unlessan applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise, gain described in the first bullet point above will be subject to tax at generallyapplicable U.S. federal income tax rates as if the Non-U.S. holder were a United States resident. Any gains described in the first bulletpoint above of a Non-U.S. holder that is a foreign corporation may also be subject to an additional “branch profits tax”at a 30% rate (or a lower treaty rate).

 

Ifthe second bullet point above applies to a Non-U.S. holder, gain recognized by such holder on the sale, exchange or other dispositionof our Class A common stock or warrants will be subject to tax at generally applicable U.S. federal income tax rates. In addition, ifshares of our Class A common stock are not considered to be regularly traded on an established securities market, such Non-U.S. holderwill be subject to withholding at a rate of 15% of the amount realized upon such disposition. We cannot determine whether we willbe a United States real property holding corporation in the future until we complete an initial business combination. We will be classifiedas a United States real property holding corporation if the fair market value of our “United States real property interests”equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market value of our worldwide real property interests plus our other assets usedor held for use in a trade or business, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

Redemptionof Class A Common Stock. The characterization for U.S. federal income tax purposes of the redemption of a Non-U.S. holder’sClass A common stock generally will correspond to the U.S. federal income tax characterization of such a redemption of a U.S. holder’sClass A common stock, as described under “U.S. Holders — Redemption of Class A Common Stock” above, and the consequencesof the redemption to the Non-U.S. holder will be as described above under “Non-U.S. Holders — Taxation of Distributions”and “Non-U.S. Holders — Gain on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock and Warrants,”as applicable.

 

Exercise,Lapse or Redemption of a Warrant. The U.S. federal income tax treatment of a Non-U.S. holder’s exercise of a warrant, or thelapse of a warrant held by a Non-U.S. holder, generally will correspond to the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the exercise or lapseof a warrant by a U.S. holder, as described under “U.S. Holders — Exercise, Lapse or Redemption of a Warrant” above,although to the extent a cashless exercise results in a taxable exchange, the consequences would be similar to those described abovein “Non-U.S. Holders — Gain on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock and Warrants.”The U.S. federal income tax treatment for a Non-U.S. holder of a redemption of warrants for Class A common stock will correspond to theU.S. federal income tax treatment for a U.S. holder of a redemption of warrants for Class A common stock, as described above in “U.S.Holders — Exercise, Lapse or Redemption of a Warrant.” The U.S. federal income tax treatment for a Non-U.S. holder of a redemptionof warrants for cash (or if we purchase warrants in an open market transaction) would be similar to that described above in “Non-U.S.Holders — Gain on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock and Warrants.”

 

PossibleConstructive Distributions. The terms of each warrant provide for an adjustment to the number of shares of Class A common stock forwhich the warrant may be exercised or to the exercise price of the warrant in certain events, as discussed in the section of this prospectusentitled “Description of Securities —Warrants Issued in this Offering.” An adjustment which has the effect of preventingdilution generally is not taxable. Non-U.S. holders of the warrants would, however, be treated as receiving a constructive distributionfrom us if, for example, the adjustment to the number of such shares or to such exercise price increases the warrantholders’ proportionateinterest in our assets or earnings and profits (e.g., through an increase in the number of shares of Class A common stock that wouldbe obtained upon exercise or through a decrease in the exercise price of the warrant) as a result of a distribution of cash or otherproperty, such as other securities, to the holders of shares of our Class A common stock, or as a result of the issuance of a stock dividendto holders of shares of our Class A common stock, in each case which is taxable to the holders of such shares as a distribution (as describedunder “Non-U.S. Holders — Taxation of Distributions” above). Such constructive distribution would be subject to taxin the same manner as if the Non-U.S. holders of the warrants received a cash distribution from us equal to the fair market value ofsuch increased interest resulting from the adjustment.

 

100

 

 

InformationReporting and Backup Withholding. Information returns will be filed with the IRS in connection with payments of dividends and theproceeds from a sale or other disposition of our units, shares of Class A common stock and warrants. A Non-U.S. holder may have to complywith certification procedures to establish that it is not a United States person (by providing certification of its foreign status, underpenalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W-8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption) in order to avoid informationreporting and backup withholding requirements. The certification procedures required to claim a reduced rate of withholding under a treatygenerally will satisfy the certification requirements necessary to avoid the backup withholding as well.

 

Backupwithholding is not an additional tax. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a Non-U.S. holder will be allowed as a creditagainst such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that the required informationis timely furnished to the IRS.

 

AllNon-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of information reporting and backup withholding to them.

 

FATCAWithholding Taxes. Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations and administrative guidance promulgated thereunder(commonly referred as the “Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act” or “FATCA”) generally impose withholding at arate of 30% in certain circumstances on dividends in respect of our securities which are held by or through certain foreign financialinstitutions (including investment funds), unless any such institution (1) enters into, and complies with, an agreement with the IRSto report, on an annual basis, information with respect to interests in, and accounts maintained by, the institution that are owned bycertain U.S. persons and by certain non-U.S. entities that are wholly or partially owned by U.S. persons and to withhold on certain payments,or (2) if required under an intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country, reports such informationto its local tax authority, which will exchange such information with the U.S. authorities. An intergovernmental agreement between theUnited States and an applicable foreign country may modify these requirements. Accordingly, the entity through which our securities areheld will affect the determination of whether such withholding is required. Similarly, dividends in respect of our securities held byan investor that is a non-financial non-U.S. entity that does not qualify under certain exceptions will generally be subject to withholdingat a rate of 30%, unless such entity either (1) certifies to us or the applicable withholding agent that such entity does not have any“substantial United States owners” or (2) provides certain information regarding the entity’s “substantial UnitedStates owners,” which will in turn be provided to the U.S. Department of Treasury. The U.S. Department of the Treasury has proposedregulations that eliminate the federal withholding tax of 30% applicable to the gross proceeds of a sale or other dispositionof our Class A common stock. Withholding agents may rely on the proposed Treasury Regulations until final regulations are issued. Allprospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of FATCA on their investment in our securities.

 

THEU.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX DISCUSSION SET FORTH ABOVE IS INCLUDED FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY AND MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE DEPENDING UPONA HOLDER’S PARTICULAR SITUATION. HOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEMOF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR CLASS A COMMON STOCK AND WARRANTS, INCLUDING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES UNDER STATE, LOCAL,ESTATE, NON-U.S. AND OTHER TAX LAWS AND TAX TREATIES AND THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN U.S. OR OTHER TAX LAWS.

 

101

 

 

UNDERWRITING

 

Weare offering the units described in this prospectus through EF Hutton, division of Benchmark Investments, LLC, who is acting as the representativeof the underwriters of this offering (the “Representative”). Each unit consists of one of our shares of Class A common stockand a warrant to purchase one share of Class A common stock. The underwriting agreement that we intend to enter into with the Representative(the “Underwriting Agreement”) will provide that the obligations of the underwriters are subject to representations, warrantiesand conditions contained therein. The underwriters will agree to buy, subject to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the numberof units listed opposite their names below. Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the underwriters will be committed to purchase andpay for all of the units if any are purchased, other than those units covered by the over-allotment option described below.

 

Underwriters   Assumed
Number of Units
 
EF Hutton, division of Benchmark Investments, LLC                         
      
Total     

 

Theunderwriters have advised us that they propose to offer the units to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover ofthis prospectus. The underwriters propose to offer the units to certain dealers at the same price less a concession of not more than$       per unit.

 

Acopy of the form of underwriting agreement will be filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

 

Theunits sold in this offering are expected to be ready for delivery on or about      , 2022, against paymentin immediately available funds. The underwriters may reject all or part of any order.

 

Over-AllotmentOption

 

Pursuantto the Underwriting Agreement, we will grant to the underwriters an option to purchase from us up to an additional shares 600,000of Class A common stock, representing 15% of the shares of Class A common stock sold in the offering and/or up to an additional 600,000warrants, representing 15% of the warrants sold in the offering, assuming an initial public offering price of $4.50 per unit(which is the midpoint of the estimated range of the initial public offering price shown on the cover page of this prospectus), in anycombination thereof, solely to cover over-allotments, if any, at the initial public offering price, less the underwriting discounts.The underwriters may exercise this option any time during the 45-day period after the closing date of the offering, but only to coverover-allotments, if any. To the extent the underwriters exercise the option, the underwriters will become obligated, subject to certainconditions, to purchase the shares and/or warrants for which they exercise the option.

 

   

Per
Unit

    Total with No Over-Allotment     Total with Over-Allotment  
Initial public offering price   $                      $                     $                   
Underwriting discount to be paid by us (8.0%)   $       $       $    
Non-accountable expense allowance (1.0%)   $       $       $    
Proceeds, before expenses to us   $       $       $    

 

UnderwritingDiscount

 

Wehave agreed to pay the underwriters a cash fee equal to eight percent (8.0%) of the aggregate gross proceeds of received by the Companyfrom the securities sold in this offering. We have further agreed to pay a non-accountable expense allowance to the representative ofthe underwriters equal to one percent (1.0)% of the gross proceeds received by the Company at the closing of the offering.

 

OtherCompensation

 

Inaddition, we have agreed to issue to the Representative warrants to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to 5.0% of theaggregate number of shares of Class A common stock sold in the offering (including shares of Class A common stock sold upon exerciseof the over-allotment option). The Representative warrants will be exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part,during the four-and-½-year period commencing six months from the date of commencement of the sales of the units in connectionwith this offering, at a price per share equal to 125% of the initial public offering price per unit. Such Representative warrantsare exercisable on a cash basis. The warrants will provide for registration rights (including a one-time demand registration right andunlimited piggyback rights). The warrants will be subject to FINRA lockup restrictions pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1), do not havea demand registration right with a duration of more than five years from the commencement of sales of the offering pursuant to FINRARule 5110(g)(8)(C), and do not have piggyback registration rights with a duration of more than seven years from the commencement of salesof the offering pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(D).

 

102

 

 

Weestimate that our total expenses of this offering, excluding underwriting discounts, will be approximately $750,000, whichincludes a maximum of $175,000 of out of pocket expenses for “road show,” diligence, and reasonable legal fees and disbursementsfor underwriters’ counsel, subject to a maximum of $50,000 in the event that this offering is not consummated. We have also agreedto reimburse the underwriters, subject to compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g).

 

Indemnification

 

Pursuantto the Underwriting Agreement, we also intend to agree to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including civil liabilitiesunder the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.

 

OfferingInformation

 

Noaction has been taken by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus in anyjurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. None of the securities included in this offering may be offered or sold, directlyor indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sales of anyof the securities being offered hereby be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result incompliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons who receive this prospectus are advised to informthemselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering of securities and the distribution of this prospectus. Thisprospectus is neither an offer to sell nor a solicitation of any offer to buy our securities in any jurisdiction where that would notbe permitted or legal.

 

Theunderwriters have advised us that they do not intend to confirm sales to any accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority.

 

TailRights

 

Inthe event that the Representative does not consummate the offering, the Representative shall be entitled to a cash fee equal to eightpercent (8.0%) of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the sale of any securities or debt instruments to any investor actuallyintroduced by the Representative to the Company during the engagement period (the “Tail Financing”), and such Tail Financingis consummated at any time during the engagement period or within the twelve (12) month period following the expiration of the engagementperiod, provided that such financing is by a party actually introduced to the Company in an offering in which the Company has directknowledge of such party’s participation and not a party that the Company can demonstrate was already known to the Company. In addition,unless (x) the Company terminates the underwriting agreement for “Cause” (as defined in the Underwriting Agreement), or (y)the Representative fails to provide the underwriting services provided in the underwriting agreement, upon termination of such agreement,if the Company subsequently completes a public or private financing with any investors introduced to the Company by the Representativeduring the twelve (12) month period following such termination, the Representative shall be entitled to receive the same compensationto be paid to the Representative in connection with this offering.

 

103

 

 

Lock-Up– No Sales of Securities

 

TheCompany, on behalf of itself and any successor entity, will agree in the Underwriting Agreement that, without the prior written consentof the Representative, it will not, for a period of 12 months after the date of the Underwriting Agreement (the “Lock-Up Period”),(i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant anyoption, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of capital stockof the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company; (ii) fileor caused to be filed any registration statement with the SEC relating to the offering of any shares of capital stock of the Companyor any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company; (iii) complete any offeringof debt securities of the Company, other than entering into a line of credit with a traditional bank or (iv) enter into any swap or otherarrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of capital stock of the Company,whether any such transaction described in clause (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) above is to be settled by delivery of shares of capital stockof the Company or such other securities, in cash or otherwise.

 

Inaddition, each of our directors, officers and stockholders has agreed that for a period of 12 months after the date of this prospectus,without the prior written consent of the Representative, and subject to certain exceptions, they will not, directly or indirectly, (i)offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, grant, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any common stock ofthe Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for the common stock of the Company, whether now ownedor hereafter acquired by such person or with respect to which such person has or hereafter acquires the power of disposition; (ii) enterinto any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of suchsecurities; (iii) make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any such securities; or (iv) publiclydisclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge or disposition, or to enter into any transaction, swap, hedge or other arrangementrelating to any such securities.

 

PriceStabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids

 

Tofacilitate this offering, the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our securitiesduring and after the offering. Specifically, the underwriters may over-allot or otherwise create a short position in our securities fortheir own account by selling more securities than we have sold to the underwriters. The underwriters may close out any short positionby either exercising its option to purchase additional securities or purchasing securities in the open market.

 

Inaddition, the underwriters may stabilize or maintain the price of our securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the openmarket and may impose penalty bids. If penalty bids are imposed, selling concessions allowed to broker-dealers participating in thisoffering are reclaimed if securities previously distributed in this offering are repurchased, whether in connection with stabilizationtransactions or otherwise. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of our securities at a levelabove that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. The imposition of a penalty bid may also affect the price of our securitiesto the extent that it discourages resales of our securities. The magnitude or effect of any stabilization or other transactions is uncertain.These transactions may be effected on the Nasdaq Capital Market or otherwise and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

 

Inconnection with this offering, the underwriters and selling group members, if any, may also engage in passive market making transactionsin our securities on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Passive market making consists of displaying bids on the Nasdaq Capital Market by theprices of independent market makers and effecting purchases limited by those prices in response to order flow. Rule 103 of RegulationM promulgated by the SEC limits the amount of net purchases that each passive market maker may make and the displayed size of each bid.Passive market making may stabilize the market price of our securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the openmarket and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

 

104

 

 

Neitherwe nor the underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions describedabove may have on the price of our securities. In addition, neither we nor the underwriters make any representation that the underwriterswill engage in these transactions or that any transaction, if commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.

 

Affiliations

 

Eachunderwriter and its respective affiliates are full-service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include securitiestrading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging,financing and brokerage activities. The underwriters may in the future engage in investment banking and other commercial dealings inthe ordinary course of business with us or our affiliates. The underwriters may in the future receive customary fees and commissionsfor these transactions. We have not engaged the underwriters to perform any services for us in the previous 180 days, nor do we haveany agreement to engage the underwriters to perform any services for us in the future, subject to the right to act as an advisor as describedabove.

 

Inthe ordinary course of its various business activities, each underwriter and its respective affiliates may make or hold a broad arrayof investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (includingbank loans) for its own account and for the accounts of its customers, and such investment and securities activities may involve securitiesand/or instruments of the issuer. Each underwriter and its respective affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publishor express independent research views in respect of such securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clientsthat they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.

 

ElectronicOffer, Sale and Distribution

 

Inconnection with this offering, the underwriters or certain of the securities dealers may distribute prospectuses by electronic means,such as e-mail.

 

LEGALMATTERS

 

Thevalidity of the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by K&L Gates LLP, New York, New York. Certainlegal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the underwriters by Mitchell Silberberg & Knupp LLP, Los Angeles,California.

 

EXPERTS

 

Thefinancial statements as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020,included in this prospectus have been audited by BF Borgers CPA PC, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in theirreport appearing herein. Such financial statements have been so included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authorityas experts in accounting and auditing.

 

WHEREYOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

 

Wehave filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the common stock. This prospectus,which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement,some items of which are contained in exhibits to the registration statement as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Forfurther information with respect to us and our common stock, we refer you to the registration statement, including the exhibits and thefinancial statements and notes filed as a part of the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus concerning thecontents of any contract or any other document are not necessarily complete. If a contract or document has been filed as an exhibit tothe registration statement, please see the copy of the contract or document that has been filed. Each statement in this prospectus relatingto a contract or document filed as an exhibit is qualified in all respects by the filed exhibit. The exhibits to the registration statementshould be reviewed for the complete contents of these contracts and documents.

 

Uponcompletion of this offering, we will become subject to the information and periodic and current reporting requirements of the ExchangeAct, and in accordance therewith, will file periodic and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The registrationstatement, such periodic and current reports and other information can be inspected and copied at the Public Reference Room of the SEClocated at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of such materials, including copies of all or any portion of the registrationstatement, can be obtained from the Public Reference Room of the SEC at prescribed rates. You can call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 to obtaininformation on the operation of the Public Reference Room. Such materials may also be accessed electronically by means of the SEC’swebsite at www.sec.gov.

 

105

 

 

INDEXTO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-2
   
Consolidated Balance Sheet for Fiscal Years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 F-3
   
Consolidated Statements of Operations for Fiscal Years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 F-4
   
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for Fiscal Years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 F-5
   
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for Fiscal Years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 F-6
   
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Fiscal Years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 F-7
   
Consolidated Balance Sheet for Nine Months ended September 30, 2021 F-19
   
Consolidated Statements of Operations for Three and Nine Months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 F-20
 
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for Nine Months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 F-21
   
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for Nine Months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 F-22
   
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for Nine Months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 F-23

 

F-1

 

 

Reportof Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

Tothe shareholders and the board of directors of Yoshiharu Global Co.

 

Opinionon the Financial Statements

 

Wehave audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Yoshiharu Global Co. as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related statementsof operations, stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referredto as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, thefinancial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the yearsthen ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

 

SubstantialDoubt about the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

 

Theaccompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note2 to the financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has a significant accumulated deficit. Inaddition, the Company continues to experience negative cash flows from operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’sability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The financialstatements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

 

Basisfor Opinion

 

Thesefinancial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sfinancial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board(United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federalsecurities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

Weconducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtainreasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Companyis not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our auditswe are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinionon the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 

Ouraudit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error orfraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regardingthe amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significantestimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit providesa reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/S/BF Borgers CPA PC

BFBorgers CPA PC

 

Wehave served as the Company’s auditor since 2021

Lakewood,CO

December15, 2021

 

F-2

 

 

YoshiharuGlobal Co. and Subsidiaries

ConsolidatedBalance Sheets 

 

   December 31, 
   2020   2019 
         
ASSETS          
           
Current Assets:          
Cash  $-   $78,117 
Due from related party  $-   $- 
Inventories   15,736    14,075 
           
Total current assets   15,736    92,192 
           
Non-Current Assets:          
Property and equipment, net   1,585,575    1,154,818 
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net   1,360,896    855,137 
Other assets   52,217    32,018 
Total non-current assets   2,998,688    2,041,973 
           
Total assets  $3,014,424   $2,134,165 
           
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT          
           
Current Liabilities:          
Bank overdrafts  $29,060   $- 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses   169,814    212,385 
Current portion of operating lease liabilities   188,690    135,831 
Current portion of bank notes payables   162,031    138,195 
Current portion of loan payable, PPP   212,567    - 
Current portion of loan payable, EIDL   8,621    - 
Due to related party   911,411    376,146 
Other payable   22,737    23,218 
           
Total current liabilities   1,704,931    885,775 
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion   1,255,388    803,247 
Bank notes payables, less current portion   923,373    761,201 
Loan payable, PPP, less current portion   60,733    - 
Loan payable, EIDL, less current portion   441,379    - 
Total liabilities   4,385,804    2,450,223 
           
Commitments and contingencies          
           
Stockholders’ Deficit          
Class A Common Stock - $0.0001 par value; 49,000,000 authorized shares; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively   -    - 
Class B Common Stock - $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 authorized shares; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively   -    - 
Additional paid-in-capital   476,371    416,371 
Accumulated deficit   (1,847,751)   (732,429)
Total stockholders’ deficit   (1,371,380)   (316,058)
           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit  $3,014,424   $2,134,165 

 

Notesto the Consolidated Financial Statements

 

F-3

 

 

YoshiharuGlobal Co. and Subsidiaries

ConsolidatedStatements of Operations 

 

   Years Ended December 31, 
   2020   2019 
         
Revenue:          
Food and beverage  $3,170,925   $4,058,739 
Total revenue   3,170,925    4,058,739 
           
Restaurant operating expenses:          
Food, beverages and supplies   903,313    1,533,959 
Labor   1,542,796    1,241,075 
Rent and utilities   437,972    504,430 
Delivery and service fees   245,163    219,412 
Depreciation   114,478    102,416 
Total restaurant operating expenses   3,243,722    3,601,292 
           
Net operating restaurant operating income   (72,797)   457,447 
           
Operating expenses:          
General and administrative   330,739    501,192 
Advertising and marketing   30,054    20,721 
Total operating expenses   360,793    521,913 
           
Loss from operations   (433,590)   (64,466)
           
Other income (expense):          
Other income   53,929    16,934 
Other expense   -    - 
Interest   (51,590)   (64,036)
Total other income (expense)   2,339    (47,102)
           
Income before income taxes   (431,251)   (111,568)
           
Income tax provision   18,877    22,557 
           
Net loss  $(450,128)  $(134,125)
           
Loss per share:          
Basic and diluted  $(0.36)  $(0.13)
           
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:          
Basic and diluted   1,236,836    1,035,959 

 

SeeNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

 

F-4

 

 

YoshiharuGlobal Co. and Subsidiaries

ConsolidatedStatements of Stockholders’ Equity

 

   Class A Shares   Class B Shares   Additional Pain-In   Accumulated   Total Stockholder’s Equity 
   Shares   Amount   Shares   Amount   Capital   Deficit   (Deficit) 
                             
Balance at December 31, 2018      $-    -   $-   $311,370   $86,092   $397,462 
                                    
Issuance of Common Stock A       -    -    -    105,001    -    105,001 
Distributions   -    -    -    -    -    (684,396)   (684,396)
Net loss   -    -    -    -    -    (134,125)   (134,125)
                                    
Balance at December 31, 2019      $-    -   $-   $416,371   $(732,429)  $(316,058)
                                    
Issuance of Common Stock A       -    -    -    -    -    - 
Contributions   -    -    -    -    60,000    -    60,000 
Distributions   -    -    -    -    -    (665,194)   (665,194)
Net loss   -    -    -    -    -    (450,128)   (450,128)
                                    
Balance at December 31, 2020      $-    -   $-   $476,371   $(1,847,751)  $(1,371,380)

 

SeeNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

 

F-5

 

 

YoshiharuGlobal Co. and Subsidiaries

ConsolidatedStatements of Cash Flows

 

   Years Ended December 31, 
   2020   2019 
         
Cash flows from operating activities:          
Net loss  $(450,128)  $(134,125)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:          
Depreciation   114,478    20,721 
Changes in assets and liabilities:          
Inventories   (1,661)   20,757 
Other assets   (20,199)   (4,047)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses   (94,920)   114,037 
Due to related party   535,265    650,052 
Other payables   (481)   23,218 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities   82,354    690,613 
           
Cash flows from investing activities:          
Purchases of property and equipment   (545,235)   (52,550)
Net cash used in (provided by) investing activities   (545,235)   (52,550)
           
Cash flows from financing activities:          
Bank overdrafts   29,060    - 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock   -    105,001 
Proceeds from borrowings   978,300    - 
Repayments on bank notes payables   (17,402)   (44,934)
Shareholders’ contributions   60,000    - 
Shareholders’ distribution   (665,194)   (684,396)
Issuance of common stock   -    - 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities   384,764    (624,329)
           
Net increase (decrease) in cash   (78,117)   13,734 
           
Cash – beginning of period   78,117    64,383 
           
Cash – end of period  $-   $78,117 
           
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information          
Cash paid during the periods for:          
Interest  $47,597   $64,036 
Income taxes  $18,877   $22,557 

 

SeeNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

 

F-6

 

 

YoshiharuGlobal Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS

 

YoshiharuGlobal Co. (“Yoshiharu”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware on December 9, 2021. Yoshiharu did not have significanttransactions since formation. Yoshiharu wholly owns Yoshiharu Holdings Co., a California corporation (“Yoshiharu Holdings”),which in turn has the following wholly owned subsidiaries:

 

Name   Date of Formation   Description of Business
Global JJ Group, Inc. (“JJ”)   January 8, 2015   Ramen stores located in Orange, California and Buena Park, California.
Global AA Group, Inc. (“AA”)   July 21, 2016   Ramen store located in Whittier, California.
Global BB Group, Inc. (“BB”)   May 19, 2017   Ramen store located in Chino Hills, California.
Global CC Group, Inc. (“CC”)   September 23, 2019   Ramen stores located in Eastvale, California and Corona, California.
Global DD Group, Inc. (“DD”)   December 19, 2019   Ramen store located in la Mirada, California.
Yoshiharu Irvine (“YI”)   December 4, 2020   Ramen store located in Irvine, California.

 

TheCompany owns several restaurants specializing in Japanese ramen and other Japanese cuisines. The Company offers a variety of Japaneseramens, rice bowls, and appetizers. Yoshiharu Global Co., Yoshiharu Holdings and Subsidiaries will be collectively referred as the “Company”.

 

InDecember 2021, Yoshiharu and the sole shareholder of Yoshiharu Holdings completed a share exchange agreement, whereby, such shareholderreceived all of the shares of Yoshiharu and Yoshiharu received all of the shares of Yoshiharu Holdings. This transaction is a recapitalization.

 

Thetransaction will be accounted for as a “reverse merger” and recapitalization since the stockholder of the subsidiaries ownsall of the outstanding shares of the common stock immediately following the completion of the transaction, the stockholder will havethe significant influence and the ability to elect or appoint or to remove a majority of the members of the governing body of the combinedentity, and subsidiaries’ senior management will dominate the management of the combined entity immediately following the completionof the transaction in accordance with the provision of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141(R), “Business Combinations”.Accordingly, Yoshiharu Holdings is deemed to be the accounting acquirer in the transaction and, consequently, the transaction is treatedas a recapitalization of all of the subsidiaries. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities and the historical operations that are reflectedin the financial statements are those of the subsidiaries and are recorded at the historical cost basis of the subsidiaries. Yoshiharu’sassets, liabilities and results of operations, if any, will be consolidated with the assets, liabilities and results of operations ofthe subsidiaries after consummation of the acquisition.

 

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Reporting

 

Theconsolidated financial statements include legal entities listed above as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

 

Basisof Presentation and Consolidation

 

Theaccompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)as promulgated in the United States of America. The consolidated financial statements include Yoshiharu Global Co. and its wholly ownedsubsidiaries. All intercompany accounts, transactions, and profits have been eliminated upon consolidation.

 

F-7

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Useof Estimates and Assumptions

 

Thepreparation of Consolidated financial statements in conformity with the GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions thataffect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financialstatements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Marketing

 

Marketingcosts are charged to expense as incurred. Marketing costs were approximately $30,054 and $20,719 for the years ended December 31, 2020and 2019, respectively, and are included in operating expenses in the accompanying Consolidated statements of income.

 

DeliveryFees Charged by Delivery Service Providers

 

TheCompany’s customers may order online through third party service providers such as Uber Eats, Door Dash, and others. These third-partyservice providers charge delivery and order fees to the Company. Such fees are expensed when incurred. Delivery fees are included indelivery and service fees in the accompanying combined statements of operations.

 

RevenueRecognition

 

TheCompany recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts withCustomers. The Company’s net revenue primarily consists of revenues from food and beverage sales. Accordingly, the Company recognizesrevenue as follows:

 

  Revenue from Food and Beverage

 

Revenuesfrom the sale of food items by Company-owned restaurants are recognized as Company sales when a customer purchases the food, which iswhen our obligation to perform is satisfied. The timing and amount of revenue recognized related to Company sales was not impacted bythe adoption of Topic 606.

 

Inventories

 

Inventories,which are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, consist primarily of perishable food items and supplies. Cost is determinedusing the first-in, first out method.

 

SegmentReporting

 

AccountingStandards Codification (“ASC”) 280, “Segment Reporting,” requires public companies to report financial and descriptiveinformation about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies its operating segments based on how executive decisionmakers internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities and management responsibility. Accordingly, the Companyhas one reportable segment, consisting of operating its stores.

 

Propertyand Equipment

 

Propertyand equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Major improvements are capitalized, and minor replacements,maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are calculated on the straight-line basis overthe estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the leaseterm of the related asset. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

 

Furniture and equipment   5 to 7 years
Leasehold improvements   Shorter of estimated useful life or term of lease
Vehicle   5 years

 

F-8

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

IncomeTaxes

 

Theaccounting standard on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expectedto be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under that guidance, the Company may recognize the taxbenefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxingauthorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a positionare measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Companyhad no unrecognized tax benefits identified or recorded as liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.

 

Impairmentof Long-Lived Assets

 

Whencircumstances, such as adverse market conditions, indicate that the carrying value of a long-lived asset may be impaired, the Companyperforms an analysis to review the recoverability of the asset’s carrying value, which includes estimating the undiscounted cashflows (excluding interest charges) from the expected future operations of the asset. These estimates consider factors such as expectedfuture operating income, operating trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors. If the analysisindicates that the carrying value is not recoverable from future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that thecarrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. Any impairment losses are recorded as operating expenses, which reduce net income.

 

Concentrationsof Credit Risk

 

Financialinstruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are accounts receivable and other receivables arisingfrom its normal business activities. The Company has a diversified customer base. The Company controls credit risk related to accountsreceivable through credit approvals, credit limits and monitoring procedures. The Company routinely assesses the financial strength ofits customers and, based upon factors surrounding the credit risk, establishes an allowance, if required, for un-collectible accountsand, as a consequence, believes that its accounts receivable related credit risk exposure beyond such allowance is limited.

 

FairValue of Financial Instruments

 

TheCompany utilizes ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure, for valuing financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurringbasis. Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liabilityin an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The guidance also establishes a hierarchy for inputsused in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring thatthe most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset orliability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs thatreflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability. The guidanceestablishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

 

Level1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level2. Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

 

TheCompany’s financial instruments consisted of cash, operating lease right-of-use assets, net, accounts payable and accrued expenses,notes payables, and operating lease liabilities. The estimated fair value of cash, operating lease right-of-use assets, net, and notespayables approximate its carrying amount due to the short maturity of these instruments.

 

F-9

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Leases

 

Inaccordance with ASC 842, Leases, the Company determines whether an arrangement contains a lease at inception. A lease is a contract thatprovides the right to control an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. For identified leases, the Companydetermines whether it should be classified as an operating or finance lease. Operating leases are recorded in the balance sheet as: right-of-useasset (“ROU asset”) and operating lease liability. ROU asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying assetfor the lease term and lease liability represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assetsand operating lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease and measured based on the present value of leasepayments over the lease term. The ROU asset also includes deferred rent liabilities. The Company’s lease arrangement generallydo not provide an implicit interest rate. As a result, in such situations the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on theinformation available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company includes options to extendor terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option in the measurement of its ROU asset and liability.Lease expense for the operating lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has a lease agreement withlease and non-lease components, which are accounted for as a single lease component.

 

RecentAccounting Pronouncements

 

InFebruary 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires anentity to recognize assets and liabilities arising from a lease for both financing and operating leases. ASU 2016-02 will also requirenew qualitative and quantitative disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing,and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, withearly adoption permitted. The Company evaluated ASU 2016-02 and adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2019.

 

InJuly 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” (“ASU 2018-10”).The amendments in ASU 2018-10 provide additional clarification and implementation guidance on certain aspects of the previously issuedASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”) and have the same effective and transition requirements as ASU 2016-02.Upon the effective date, ASU 2018-10 will supersede the current lease guidance in ASC Topic 840, Leases. Under the new guidance, lesseeswill be required to recognize for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases, a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligationto make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis. Concurrently, lessees will be required to recognize a right-of-useasset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term.ASU 2018-10 is effective for emerging growth companies for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, withearly adoption permitted. The guidance is required to be applied using a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existingat, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative periods presented in the financial statements. The Company adoptedthis guidance as of January 1, 2019.

 

InJuly 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” (“ASU 2018-11”). Theamendments in ASU 2018-11 related to transition relief on comparative reporting at adoption affect all entities with lease contractsthat choose the additional transition method and separating components of a contract affect only lessors whose lease contracts qualifyfor the practical expedient. The amendments in ASU 2018-11 are effective for emerging growth companies for fiscal years beginning afterDecember 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2019.

 

InMarch 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, “Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements” (“Topic 842”) (“ASU2019-01”). These amendments align the guidance for fair value of the underlying asset by lessors that are not manufacturers ordealers in Topic 842 with that of existing guidance. As a result, the fair value of the underlying asset at lease commencement is itscost, reflecting any volume or trade discounts that may apply. However, if there has been a significant lapse of time between when theunderlying asset is acquired and when the lease commences, the definition of fair value (in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement) shouldbe applied. (Issue 1). The ASU also requires lessors within the scope of Topic 942, Financial Services—Depository and Lending,to present all “principal payments received under leases” within investing activities. (Issue 2). Finally, the ASU exemptsboth lessees and lessors from having to provide certain interim disclosures in the fiscal year in which a company adopts the new leasesstandard. (Issue 3). The transition and effective date provisions apply to Issue 1 and Issue 2. They do not apply to Issue 3 becausethe amendments for that Issue are to the original transition requirements in Topic 842. This amendment will be effective for fiscal yearsbeginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted.The Company evaluated ASU 2019-01 and adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2019.

 

F-10

 

  

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

COVID-19Impact on Concentration of Risk

 

Thenovel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic has significantly impacted health and economic conditions throughout the United Statesand globally, as public concern about becoming ill with the virus has led to the issuance of recommendations and/or mandates from federal,state and local authorities to practice social distancing or self-quarantine. The Company is continually monitoring the outbreak of COVID-19and the related business and travel restrictions and changes to behavior intended to reduce its spread, and its impact on operations,financial position, cash flows, inventory, supply chains, purchasing trends, customer payments, and the industry in general, in additionto the impact on its employees. We have experienced significant disruptions to our business due to the COVID-19 pandemic and relatedsuggested and mandated social distancing and shelter-in-place orders.

 

3. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

 

December 31,  2020   2019 
         
Leasehold Improvement  $1,605,848   $1,162,524 
Furniture and equipment   328,574    226,663 
Vehicle   30,543    30,543 
           
Total property and equipment   1,964,965    1,419,730 
Accumulated depreciation   (379,390)   (264,912)
           
Total property and equipment, net  $1,585,575   $1,154,818 

 

Totaldepreciation was $114,478 and $102,416 and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

 

4. BANK NOTES PAYABLES

 

December 31,  2020   2019 
September 22, 2017 ($250,000) - Pacific City Bank - AA  $189,185   $210,707 
November 27, 2018 ($780,000) - Pacific City Bank - JJ   656,593    688,689 
February 13, 2020 ($255,000) - Pacific City Bank - CC   239,626    - 
Total bank notes payables   1,085,404    899,396 
Less - current portion   (162,031)   (138,195)
           
Total bank note payables, less current portion  $923,373   $761,201 

 

The following table provides future minimum payments as of December 31, 2020:
     
For the years ended  Amount 
2021  $162,031 
2022   162,031 
2023   162,031 
2024   162,031 
2025   162,031 
Thereafter   275,251 
      
Total  $1,085,404 

 

F-11

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

September22, 2017 – $250,000 – Global AA Group, Inc.

 

OnSeptember 22, 2017, Global AA Group, Inc. (the “AA”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of$250,000 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”). As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the balance is $189,185and $210,707, respectively.

 

Pursuantto that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, AA borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $250,000, with proceeds to be used forworking capital purposes. Interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independentindex which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced fromthe date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $2,888 per month which includes principal and interest with an initial interestrate of 6.75% per year. The balance of principal and interest is payable on September 22, 2027.

 

November27, 2018 – $780,000 – Global JJ Group, Inc.

 

OnNovember 27, 2018, Global JJ Group, Inc. (the “JJ”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of$780,000 from the Pacific City Bank. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the balance is $656,593 and $688,689, respectively.

 

Pursuantto that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, JJ borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $780,000, with proceeds to be used forworking capital purposes. Interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independentindex which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced fromthe date of each advance. Installment payments of $11,818.08 for a total of 83 payments, including principal and interest, are due monthlybeginning on January 1, 2019. The balance of principal and interest is payable on December 1, 2025.

 

February13, 2020 – $255,000 – Global CC Group, Inc.

 

OnFebruary 13, 2020, Global CC Group, Inc. (the “CC”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of$255,000 from the Pacific City Bank. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the balance is $239,626 and $0, respectively.

 

Pursuantto that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, CC borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $255,000, with proceeds to be used forworking capital purposes. Interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independentindex which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced fromthe date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $2,913 per month which includes principal and interest with an initial interestrate of 6.50%. The balance of principal and interest is payable on February 13, 2030.

 

F-12

 

  

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

5. LOAN PAYABLES, PPP

 

December 31,  2020   2019 
         
April 22, 2020 ($102,000 - PPP loan) - JJ  $102,000   $- 
April 22, 2020 ($129,300 - PPP loan) -AA   129,300    - 
April 22, 2020 ($42,000 - PPP loan) - BB   42,000    - 
Total loan payables, PPP   273,300    - 
Less - current portion   (212,567)   - 
           
Total loan payables, PPP, less current portion  $60,733   $- 

 

The following table provides future minimum payments as of December 31, 2020:
     
For the years ended  Amount 
2021  $212,567 
2022   60,733 
2023   - 
2024   - 
2025   - 
Thereafter   - 
      
Total  $273,300 

 

April22, 2020 – $102,000 – Global JJ Group, Inc.

 

OnApril 22, 2020, Global JJ Group, Inc. (the “JJ”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a Paycheck ProtectionProgram Loan (the “PPP Loan”) of $102,000 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) under its PaycheckProtection Program in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JJ’s business.

 

ThePPP loan is administered by the SBA. The interest rate of the loan is 1.00% per annum and accrues on the unpaid principal balance computedon the basis of the actual number of days elapsed in a year of 360 days. Commencing seven months after the effective date of the PPPLoan, the Company is required to pay the Lender equal monthly payments of principal and interest as required to fully amortize any unforgivenprincipal balance of the loan by the two-year anniversary of the effective date of the PPP Loan (the “Maturity Date”). ThePPP Loan contains customary events of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults, making materially false or misleadingrepresentations to the SBA or the Lender, or breaching the terms of the PPP Loan. The occurrence of an event of default may result inthe repayment of all amounts outstanding under the PPP Loan, collection of all amounts owing from the Company, or filing suit and obtainingjudgment against the Company. Under the terms of the CARES Act, PPP loan recipients can apply for and be granted forgiveness for allor a portion of the loan granted under the PPP. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of loanproceeds for payment of payroll costs and any payments of mortgage interest, rent, and utilities. Recent modifications to the PPP bythe U.S. Treasury and Congress have extended the time period for loan forgiveness beyond the original eight-week period, making it possiblefor the Company to apply for forgiveness of its PPP loan.

 

April22, 2020 – $192,300 – Global AA Group, Inc.

 

OnApril 22, 2020, Global AA Group, Inc. (the “AA”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a Paycheck ProtectionProgram Loan (the “PPP Loan”) of $192,300 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) under its PaycheckProtection Program in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the AA’s business.

 

F-13

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

ThePPP loan is administered by the SBA. The interest rate of the loan is 1.00% per annum and accrues on the unpaid principal balance computedon the basis of the actual number of days elapsed in a year of 360 days. Commencing seven months after the effective date of the PPPLoan, the Company is required to pay the Lender equal monthly payments of principal and interest as required to fully amortize any unforgivenprincipal balance of the loan by the two-year anniversary of the effective date of the PPP Loan (the “Maturity Date”). ThePPP Loan contains customary events of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults, making materially false or misleadingrepresentations to the SBA or the Lender, or breaching the terms of the PPP Loan. The occurrence of an event of default may result inthe repayment of all amounts outstanding under the PPP Loan, collection of all amounts owing from the Company, or filing suit and obtainingjudgment against the Company. Under the terms of the CARES Act, PPP loan recipients can apply for and be granted forgiveness for allor a portion of the loan granted under the PPP. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of loanproceeds for payment of payroll costs and any payments of mortgage interest, rent, and utilities. Recent modifications to the PPP bythe U.S. Treasury and Congress have extended the time period for loan forgiveness beyond the original eight-week period, making it possiblefor the Company to apply for forgiveness of its PPP loan.

 

April22, 2020 – $42,000 – Global BB Group, Inc.

 

OnApril 22, 2020, Global BB Group, Inc. (the “BB”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a Paycheck ProtectionProgram Loan (the “PPP Loan”) of $42,000 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) under its PaycheckProtection Program in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the BB’s business.

 

ThePPP loan is administered by the SBA. The interest rate of the loan is 1.00% per annum and accrues on the unpaid principal balance computedon the basis of the actual number of days elapsed in a year of 360 days. Commencing seven months after the effective date of the PPPLoan, the Company is required to pay the Lender equal monthly payments of principal and interest as required to fully amortize any unforgivenprincipal balance of the loan by the two-year anniversary of the effective date of the PPP Loan (the “Maturity Date”). ThePPP Loan contains customary events of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults, making materially false or misleadingrepresentations to the SBA or the Lender, or breaching the terms of the PPP Loan. The occurrence of an event of default may result inthe repayment of all amounts outstanding under the PPP Loan, collection of all amounts owing from the Company, or filing suit and obtainingjudgment against the Company. Under the terms of the CARES Act, PPP loan recipients can apply for and be granted forgiveness for allor a portion of the loan granted under the PPP. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of loanproceeds for payment of payroll costs and any payments of mortgage interest, rent, and utilities. Recent modifications to the PPP bythe U.S. Treasury and Congress have extended the time period for loan forgiveness beyond the original eight-week period, making it possiblefor the Company to apply for forgiveness of its PPP loan.

 

6. LOAN PAYABLES, EIDL

 

December 31,  2020   2019 
         
June 13, 2020 ($150,000 - EIDL ) - AA  $150,000   $- 
June 13, 2020 ($150,000 - EIDL ) - BB   150,000    - 
July 15, 2020 ($150,000 - EIDL) - JJ   150,000    - 
Total loan payables, EIDL   450,000    - 
Less - current portion   (8,621)   - 
           
Total loan payables, EIDL, less current portion  $441,379   $- 

 

The following table provides future minimum payments as of December 31, 2020:
     
For the years ended  Amount 
2021  $8,621 
2022   15,517 
2023   15,517 
2024   15,517 
2025   15,517 
Thereafter   379,310 
      
Total  $450,000 

 

F-14

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

June13, 2020 – $150,000 – Global AA Group, Inc.

 

OnJune 13, 2020, Global AA Group, Inc. (the “AA”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan (the “EIDLLoan”) from the SBA under its Economic Injury Disaster Loan (“EIDL”) assistance program in light of the impact of theCOVID-19 pandemic on the AA’s business.

 

Pursuantto that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement (the “SBA Loan Agreement”), AA borrowed an aggregate principal amount ofthe EIDL Loan of $150,000, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. Interest accrues at the rate of 3.75% per annum andwill accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. Installment payments, including principal and interest, aredue monthly beginning May 14, 2021 (twelve months from the date of the SBA Loan) in the amount of $731. The balance of principal andinterest is payable thirty years from the date of the SBA Loan. In connection therewith, AA also received a $10,000 grant, which doesnot have to be repaid. During the year ended December 31, 2020, $10,000 was recorded in other income in the Statements of Operations.

 

Inconnection therewith, AA executed (i) a loan for the benefit of the SBA (the “SBA Loan”), which contains customary eventsof default and (ii) a Security Agreement, granting the SBA a security interest in all tangible and intangible personal property of AA,which also contains customary events of default (the “SBA Security Agreement”).

 

June13, 2020 – $150,000 – Global BB Group, Inc.

 

OnJune 13, 2020, Global BB Group, Inc. (the “BB”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan (the “EIDLLoan”) from the SBA under its Economic Injury Disaster Loan (“EIDL”) assistance program in light of the impact of theCOVID-19 pandemic on the BB’s business.

 

Pursuantto that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement (the “SBA Loan Agreement”), BB borrowed an aggregate principal amount ofthe EIDL Loan of $150,000, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. Interest accrues at the rate of 3.75% per annum andwill accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. Installment payments, including principal and interest, aredue monthly beginning May 14, 2021 (twelve months from the date of the SBA Loan) in the amount of $731. The balance of principal andinterest is payable thirty years from the date of the SBA Loan. In connection therewith, BB also received a $10,000 grant, which doesnot have to be repaid. During the year ended December 31, 2020, $10,000 was recorded in other income in the Statements of Operations.

 

Inconnection therewith, BB executed (i) a loan for the benefit of the SBA (the “SBA Loan”), which contains customary eventsof default and (ii) a Security Agreement, granting the SBA a security interest in all tangible and intangible personal property of BB,which also contains customary events of default (the “SBA Security Agreement”).

 

July15, 2020 – $150,000 – Global JJ Group, Inc.

 

OnJuly 15, 2020, Global JJ Group, Inc. (the “JJ”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan (the “EIDLLoan”) from the SBA under its Economic Injury Disaster Loan (“EIDL”) assistance program in light of the impact of theCOVID-19 pandemic on the JJ’s business.

 

Pursuantto that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement (the “SBA Loan Agreement”), JJ borrowed an aggregate principal amount ofthe EIDL Loan of $150,000, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. Interest accrues at the rate of 3.75% per annum andwill accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. Installment payments, including principal and interest, aredue monthly beginning May 14, 2021 (twelve months from the date of the SBA Loan) in the amount of $731. The balance of principal andinterest is payable thirty years from the date of the SBA Loan.

 

F-15

 

  

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Inconnection therewith, JJ executed (i) a loan for the benefit of the SBA (the “SBA Loan”), which contains customary eventsof default and (ii) a Security Agreement, granting the SBA a security interest in all tangible and intangible personal property of JJ,which also contains customary events of default (the “SBA Security Agreement”).

 

Asof December 31, 2020, none of the notes payables noted above are in default

 

7. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

TheCompany had the following related party transactions:

 

  Due to related party – From time to time, the Company borrowed money from APIIS Financial Group, a company controlled by Mr. Chae. The balance is non-interest bearing and due on demand. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the balance was $1,337,590 and $911,411, respectively.
     
  Distributions – From time to time, the Company made distributions in the form of dividends to Mr. James Chae as the sole stockholder of the Company. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Mr. James Chae was distributed $526,657 and $620,838, respectively.

 

8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

Commitments

 

Operatinglease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of leasepayments over the lease term. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities representour obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Generally, the implicit rate of interest in arrangements is not readilydeterminable and the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’sincremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on its understanding of what its credit rating would be. The operating leaseROU asset includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Our variable lease payments primarily consist of maintenanceand other operating expenses from our real estate leases. Variable lease payments are excluded from the ROU assets and lease liabilitiesand are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Our lease terms may include options to extendor terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognizedon a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

TheCompany has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. The Company has elected to account for these lease and non-lease componentsas a single lease component.

 

In accordance with ASC 842, the components of lease expense were as follows:
         
Year ended December 31,  2020   2019 
Operating lease expense  $227,240   $165,483 
Total lease expense  $227,240   $165,483 

 

In accordance with ASC 842, other information related to leases was as follows:
         
Year ended December 31,  2020   2019 
Operating cash flows from operating leases  $225,120   $163,051 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities  $225,120   $163,051 
           
Weighted-average remaining lease term—operating leases        6.4 Years 
Weighted-average discount rate—operating leases        7%

 

F-16

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Inaccordance with ASC 842, maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:

 

   Operating 
Year ending:  Lease 
2021  $277,660 
2022   230,248 
2023   232,630 
2024   238,921 
2025   245,223 
Thereafter   633,607 
Total undiscounted cash flows  $1,858,290 
      
Reconciliation of lease liabilities:     
Weighted-average remaining lease terms    6.4 Years  
Weighted-average discount rate   7%
Present values  $1,459,078 
      
Lease liabilities—current   187,606 
Lease liabilities—long-term   1,271,472 
Lease liabilities—total  $1,459,078 
      
Difference between undiscounted and discounted cash flows  $399,212 

 

Contingencies

 

Fromtime to time, the Company may be involved in certain legal actions and claims arising in the normal course of business. Management isof the opinion that such matters will be resolved without material effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

 

9. SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

 

ClassA Common Stock

 

TheCompany has authorization to issue and have outstanding at any one time 49,000,000 shares of Class A common stock with a par value of$0.0001 value per share. Each share of Class A common stock will entitle its holder to one vote on all matters to be voted on by stockholdersgenerally.

 

ClassB Common Stock

 

TheCompany has authorization to issue and have outstanding at any one time 1,000,000 shares of Class B common stock with a par value of$0.0001 per share. The shareholders of Class B common stock shall be entitled to 10 vote per share for each share of Class A common stock,and with respect to such vote, shall be entitled, notwithstanding any provision hereof, to notice of any shareholders’ meetingin accordance with the bylaws of this Company, and shall be entitled to vote together as a single class with holders of Class A commonstock with respect to any question or matter upon which holders of Class A common stock have the right to vote, unless otherwise requiredby applicable law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Class B common stock shall also entitle the holders thereofto vote as a separate class as set forth herein and as required by law.

 

F-17

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Theshareholders of Class B common stock shall be entitled to dividends as shall be declared by the Company’s Board of Directors fromtime to time at the same rate per share as the Class A common stock.

 

Theshareholders of the Class B common stock shall have conversation rights with respect to the Class B common stock into shares of ClassA common stock:

 

  at such time as any shares of Class B common stock cease to be beneficially owned by James Chae, such shares of Class B common stock will be automatically converted into shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis;
  all of the Class B common stock will automatically convert into Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis on such date when the number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock beneficially owned by James Chae represents less than 25% of the total number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding as set forth in the Exchange Agreement; and
  at the election of the holder of Class B common stock, any share of Class B common stock may be converted into one share of Class A common stock.

 

10. EARNINGS PER SHARE

 

TheCompany calculates earnings per share in accordance with FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, which requires a dual presentation of basicand diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding duringthe fiscal year. The Company did not have any dilutive common shares for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

 

11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

TheCompany evaluated all events or transactions that occurred after December 31, 2020. During this period, the Company did not have anymaterial recognizable subsequent events required to be disclosed other than the following:

 

  February 2021 (PPP Loans) – The Company entered into and received several Payroll Protection Program Loans in the total amount of $385,900. The loan provides for 5-year fully amortized with an interest rate of 1.00%.
     
  June 2021 (RVF) – The Company received the Restaurant Revitalization Fund in the total amount of $700,454. No later than March 11, 2023 (the “Maturity Date”), the Company is required to pay the Lender any unused funds as well as for funds used for non-eligible expenses.
     
  July 2021 (PPP Forgiveness) – In July 2021, loan payables, PPP outstanding as of December 31, 2020 was forgiven. The Company recognized the forgiveness of loan as other income in July 2021.

 

F-18

 

 

 

 

YoshiharuGlobal Co. and Subsidiaries

ConsolidatedBalance Sheets

 

   (unaudited)     
   September 30,   December 31, 
   2021   2020 
         
ASSETS          
           
Current Assets:          
Cash  $53,299   $- 
Inventories   30,235    15,736 
Loan receivables   -    - 
Total current assets   83,534    15,736 
           
Non-Current Assets:          
Property and equipment, net   2,305,443    1,585,574 
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net   2,284,081    1,360,896 
Other assets   117,949    52,217 
Total non-current assets   4,707,473    2,998,687 
           
Total assets  $4,791,007   $3,014,423 
           
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT          
           
Current Liabilities:          
Bank overdrafts  $-   $29,060 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses   366,599    169,813 
Current portion of operating lease liabilities   223,643    188,690 
Current portion of bank notes payables   227,432    162,031 
Current portion of loan payable, PPP   77,180    212,567 
Current portion of loan payable, EIDL   20,259    8,621 
Due to related party   1,337,590    911,411 
Other payables   88,437    22,737 
           
Total current liabilities   2,341,140    1,704,930 
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion   2,153,234    1,255,388 
Bank notes payables, less current portion   968,137    923,373 
Restaurant revitalization fund   700,454    - 
Loan payable, EIDL, less current portion   429,741    441,379 
Loan payable, PPP, less current portion   308,720    60,733 
Total liabilities   6,901,426    4,385,803 
           
Commitments and contingencies          
           
Stockholders’ Deficit          
Class A Common Stock - $0.0001 par value; 49,000,000 authorized shares; no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively   -    - 
Class B Common Stock - $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 authorized shares; no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively   -    - 
Additional paid-in-capital   476,371    476,371 
Accumulated deficit   (2,586,790)   (1,847,751)
Total stockholders’ deficit   (2,110,419)   (1,371,380)
           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit  $4,791,007   $3,014,423 

 

Notesto the Consolidated Financial Statements

 

F-19

 

 

YoshiharuGlobal Co. and Subsidiaries

ConsolidatedStatements of Operations

 

   (unaudited)   (unaudited) 
   Three months ended September 30,   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2021   2020   2021   2020 
                 
Revenue:                    
Food and beverage  $1,842,729   $695,556   $4,449,354   $1,918,930 
Total revenue   1,842,729    695,556    4,449,354    1,918,930 
                     
Restaurant operating expenses:                    
Food, beverages and supplies   587,581    432,130    1,344,672    909,670 
Labor   923,043    518,158    1,999,084    1,075,751 
Rent and utilities   196,713    130,825    465,677    280,837 
Delivery and service fees   130,702    82,289    384,050    183,477 
Depreciation   31,777    28,305    94,294    83,181 
Total restaurant operating expenses   1,869,816    1,191,707    4,287,777    2,532,916 
                     
Net operating restaurant operating income (loss)   (27,087)   (496,151)   161,577    (613,986)
                     
Operating expenses:                    
General and administrative   194,061    188,911    428,926    324,416 
Advertising and marketing   10,439    21,629    12,437    33,868 
Total operating expenses   204,500    210,540    441,363    358,284 
                     
Loss from operations   (231,587)   (706,691)   (279,786)   (972,270)
                     
Other income (expense):                    
PPP loan forgiveness   269,887    -    269,887    - 
Other income   -    30,718    25,000    40,718 
Interest   (13,239)   (40,119)   (44,145)   (73,356)
Total other income (expense)   256,648    (9,401)   250,742    (32,638)
                     
Income before income taxes   25,061    (716,092)   (29,044)   (1,004,908)
                     
Income tax provision   7,315    9,178    13,924    9,978 
                     
Net income (loss)  $17,746   $(725,270)  $(42,968)  $(1,014,886)
                     
Income per share:                    
Basic and diluted  $0.01   $(0.60)  $(0.01)  $(0.84)
                     
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:                    
Basic and diluted   3,205,000    1,205,000    3,131,740    1,205,000 

 

SeeNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

 

F-20

 

 

YoshiharuGlobal Co. and Subsidiaries

ConsolidatedStatements of Stockholders’ Equity 

 

   Class A Shares   Class B Shares   Additional Pain-In   Accumulated   Stockholders’ 
   Shares   Amount   Shares   Amount   Capital   Deficit   Deficit 
                             
Balance at December 31, 2020           $-    -   $-   $476,371   $(1,847,751)  $(1,371,380)
                                    
Issuance of Common Stock A       -    -    -    -    -    - 
Distributions   -    -    -    -    -    (396,399)   (396,399)
Net loss   -    -    -    -    -    (60,714)   (60,714)
                                    
Balance at June 30, 2021 (unaudited)      $-    -   $-   $476,371   $(2,304,864)  $(1,828,493)
                                    
Distributions   -    -    -    -    -    (299,672)   (299,672)
Net income   -    -    -    -    -    17,746    17,746 
                                    
Balance at September 30, 2021 (unaudited)      $-    -   $-   $476,371   $(2,586,790)  $(2,110,419)

 

   Class A Shares   Class B Shares   Additional Pain-In   Accumulated   Total Stockholders’ 
   Shares   Amount   Shares   Amount   Capital   Deficit   Deficit 
                             
Balance at December 31, 2019      $-    -   $-   $416,371   $(732,429)  $(316,058)
                                    
Distributions   -    -    -    -    -    (312,347)   (312,347)
Net loss   -    -    -    -    -    (289,616)   (289,616)
                                    
Balance at June 30, 2020 (unaudited)      $-    -   $-   $416,371   $(1,334,392)  $(918,021)
                                    
Contribution   -    -    -    -    60,000    -    60,000 
Distributions   -    -    -    -    -    (154,734)   (154,734)
Net loss   -    -    -    -    -    (725,270)   (725,270)
                                    
Balance at September 30, 2020 (unaudited)      $-    -   $-   $476,371   $(2,214,396)  $(1,738,025)

 

SeeNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

 

F-21

 

 

YoshiharuGlobal Co. and Subsidiaries

ConsolidatedStatements of Cash Flows

 

   (unaudited) 
   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2021   2020 
         
Cash flows from operating activities:          
Net income (loss)  $(42,968)  $(1,014,886)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:          
Depreciation   94,294    83,181 
Changes in assets and liabilities:          
Inventories   (14,499)   (5,452)
Other assets   (65,732)   - 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses   128,478    (76,178)
Due to related party   426,179    921,102 
Other payables   65,700    (481)
Net cash used in operating activities   591,452    (92,714)
           
Cash flows from investing activities:          
Purchases of property and equipment   (814,163)   (514,315)
Net cash used in investing activities   (814,163)   (514,315)
           
Cash flows from financing activities:          
Bank overdrafts   (29,060)   - 
PPP loan forgiveness   (283,539)   - 
Proceeds from borrowings   1,579,654    978,300 
Repayments on bank notes payables   (294,974)   (41,070)
Shareholders’ distribution   (696,071)   (467,081)
Shareholder’s contribution   -    60,000 
Net cash provided by financing activities   276,010    530,149 
           
Net increase in cash   53,299    (76,880)
           
Cash – beginning of period   -    78,117 
           
Cash – end of period  $53,299   $1,237 
           
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information          
Cash paid during the periods for:          
Interest  $44,145   $73,356 
Income taxes  $13,924   $9,978 

 

SeeNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

 

F-22

 

 

YoshiharuGlobal Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS

 

YoshiharuGlobal Co. (“Yoshiharu”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware on December 9, 2021. Yoshiharu did not have significanttransactions since formation. Yoshiharu wholly owns Yoshiharu Holdings Co., a California corporation (“Yoshiharu Holdings”),which in turn has the following wholly owned subsidiaries:

 

Name   Date of Formation   Description of Business
Global JJ Group, Inc. (“JJ”)   January 8, 2015   Ramen stores located in Orange, California and Buena Park, California.
Global AA Group, Inc. (“AA”)   July 21, 2016   Ramen store located in Whittier, California.
Global BB Group, Inc. (“BB”)   May 19, 2017   Ramen store located in Chino Hills, California.
Global CC Group, Inc. (“CC”)   September 23, 2019   Ramen stores located in Eastvale, California and Corona, California.
Global DD Group, Inc. (“DD”)   December 19, 2019   Ramen store located in la Mirada, California.
Yoshiharu Irvine (“YI”)   December 4, 2020   Ramen store located in Irvine, California.
Yoshiharu Cerritos (“YC”)   January 21, 2021   Ramen store located in Cerritos, California.

 

TheCompany owns several restaurants specializing in Japanese ramen and other Japanese cuisines. The Company offers a variety of Japaneseramens, rice bowls, and appetizers. Yoshiharu Global Co., Yoshiharu Holdings and Subsidiaries will be collectively referred as the “Company”.

 

InDecember 2021, Yoshiharu and the sole shareholder of Yoshiharu Holdings completed a share exchange agreement, whereby, such shareholderreceived all of the shares of Yoshiharu and Yoshiharu received all of the shares of Yoshiharu Holdings. This transaction is a recapitalization.

 

Thetransaction will be accounted for as a “reverse merger” and recapitalization since the stockholder of the subsidiaries ownsall of the outstanding shares of the common stock immediately following the completion of the transaction, the stockholder will havethe significant influence and the ability to elect or appoint or to remove a majority of the members of the governing body of the combinedentity, and subsidiaries’ senior management will dominate the management of the combined entity immediately following the completionof the transaction in accordance with the provision of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141(R), “Business Combinations”.Accordingly, Yoshiharu Holdings is deemed to be the accounting acquirer in the transaction and, consequently, the transaction is treatedas a recapitalization of all of the subsidiaries. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities and the historical operations that are reflectedin the financial statements are those of the subsidiaries and are recorded at the historical cost basis of the subsidiaries. Yoshiharu’sassets, liabilities and results of operations, if any, will be consolidated with the assets, liabilities and results of operations ofthe subsidiaries after consummation of the acquisition.

 

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Reporting

 

Theconsolidated financial statements include legal entities listed above for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

 

Basisof Presentation and Consolidation

 

Theaccompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)as promulgated in the United States of America. The consolidated financial statements include Yoshiharu Global Co. and its wholly ownedsubsidiaries. All intercompany accounts, transactions, and profits have been eliminated upon consolidation.

 

F-23

 

  

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Useof Estimates and Assumptions

 

Thepreparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with the GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions thataffect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financialstatements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Marketing

 

Marketingcosts are charged to expense as incurred. Marketing costs were approximately $12,437 and $33,686 for the nine months ended September30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and are included in operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

 

DeliveryFees Charged by Delivery Service Providers

 

TheCompany’s customers may order online through third party service providers such as Uber Eats, Door Dash, and others. These third-partyservice providers charge delivery and order fees to the Company. Such fees are expensed when incurred. Delivery fees are included indelivery and service fees in the accompanying combined statements of operations.

 

RevenueRecognition

 

TheCompany recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts withCustomers. The Company’s net revenue primarily consists of revenues from food and beverage sales. Accordingly, the Company recognizesrevenue as follows:

 

  Revenue from Food and Beverage

 

Revenuesfrom the sale of food items by Company-owned restaurants are recognized as Company sales when a customer purchases the food, which iswhen our obligation to perform is satisfied. The timing and amount of revenue recognized related to Company sales was not impacted bythe adoption of Topic 606.

 

Inventories

 

Inventories,which are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, consist primarily of perishable food items and supplies. Cost is determinedusing the first-in, first out method.

 

SegmentReporting

 

AccountingStandards Codification (“ASC”) 280, “Segment Reporting,” requires public companies to report financial and descriptiveinformation about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies its operating segments based on how executive decisionmakers internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities and management responsibility. Accordingly, the Companyhas one reportable segment, consisting of operating its stores.

 

Propertyand Equipment

 

Propertyand equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Major improvements are capitalized, and minor replacements,maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are calculated on the straight-line basis overthe estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the leaseterm of the related asset. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

 

Furniture and equipment   5 to 7 years
Leasehold improvements   Shorter of estimated useful life or term of lease
Vehicle   5 years

 

F-24

 

  

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

IncomeTaxes

 

Theaccounting standard on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expectedto be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under that guidance, the Company may recognize the taxbenefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxingauthorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a positionare measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Companyhad no unrecognized tax benefits identified or recorded as liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.

 

Impairmentof Long-Lived Assets

 

Whencircumstances, such as adverse market conditions, indicate that the carrying value of a long-lived asset may be impaired, the Companyperforms an analysis to review the recoverability of the asset’s carrying value, which includes estimating the undiscounted cashflows (excluding interest charges) from the expected future operations of the asset. These estimates consider factors such as expectedfuture operating income, operating trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors. If the analysisindicates that the carrying value is not recoverable from future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that thecarrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. Any impairment losses are recorded as operating expenses, which reduce net income.

 

Concentrationsof Credit Risk

 

Financialinstruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are accounts receivable and other receivables arisingfrom its normal business activities. The Company has a diversified customer base. The Company controls credit risk related to accountsreceivable through credit approvals, credit limits and monitoring procedures. The Company routinely assesses the financial strength ofits customers and, based upon factors surrounding the credit risk, establishes an allowance, if required, for un-collectible accountsand, as a consequence, believes that its accounts receivable related credit risk exposure beyond such allowance is limited.

 

FairValue of Financial Instruments

 

TheCompany utilizes ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure, for valuing financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurringbasis. Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liabilityin an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The guidance also establishes a hierarchy for inputsused in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring thatthe most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset orliability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs thatreflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability. The guidanceestablishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

 

Level1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level2. Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

 

TheCompany’s financial instruments consisted of cash, operating lease right-of-use assets, net, accounts payable and accrued expenses,notes payables, and operating lease liabilities. The estimated fair value of cash, operating lease right-of-use assets, net, and notespayables approximate its carrying amount due to the short maturity of these instruments.

 

F-25

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Leases

 

Inaccordance with ASC 842, Leases, the Company determines whether an arrangement contains a lease at inception. A lease is a contract thatprovides the right to control an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. For identified leases, the Companydetermines whether it should be classified as an operating or finance lease. Operating leases are recorded in the balance sheet as: right-of-useasset (“ROU asset”) and operating lease liability. ROU asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying assetfor the lease term and lease liability represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assetsand operating lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease and measured based on the present value of leasepayments over the lease term. The ROU asset also includes deferred rent liabilities. The Company’s lease arrangement generallydo not provide an implicit interest rate. As a result, in such situations the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on theinformation available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company includes options to extendor terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option in the measurement of its ROU asset and liability.Lease expense for the operating lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has a lease agreement withlease and non-lease components, which are accounted for as a single lease component.

 

RecentAccounting Pronouncements

 

InFebruary 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires anentity to recognize assets and liabilities arising from a lease for both financing and operating leases. ASU 2016-02 will also requirenew qualitative and quantitative disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing,and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, withearly adoption permitted. The Company evaluated ASU 2016-02 and adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2019.

 

InJuly 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” (“ASU 2018-10”).The amendments in ASU 2018-10 provide additional clarification and implementation guidance on certain aspects of the previously issuedASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”) and have the same effective and transition requirements as ASU 2016-02.Upon the effective date, ASU 2018-10 will supersede the current lease guidance in ASC Topic 840, Leases. Under the new guidance, lesseeswill be required to recognize for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases, a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligationto make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis. Concurrently, lessees will be required to recognize a right-of-useasset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term.ASU 2018-10 is effective for emerging growth companies for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, withearly adoption permitted. The guidance is required to be applied using a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existingat, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative periods presented in the financial statements. The Company adoptedthis guidance as of January 1, 2019.

 

InJuly 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” (“ASU 2018-11”). Theamendments in ASU 2018-11 related to transition relief on comparative reporting at adoption affect all entities with lease contractsthat choose the additional transition method and separating components of a contract affect only lessors whose lease contracts qualifyfor the practical expedient. The amendments in ASU 2018-11 are effective for emerging growth companies for fiscal years beginning afterDecember 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2019.

 

InMarch 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, “Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements” (“Topic 842”) (“ASU2019-01”). These amendments align the guidance for fair value of the underlying asset by lessors that are not manufacturers ordealers in Topic 842 with that of existing guidance. As a result, the fair value of the underlying asset at lease commencement is itscost, reflecting any volume or trade discounts that may apply. However, if there has been a significant lapse of time between when theunderlying asset is acquired and when the lease commences, the definition of fair value (in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement) shouldbe applied. (Issue 1). The ASU also requires lessors within the scope of Topic 942, Financial Services—Depository and Lending,to present all “principal payments received under leases” within investing activities. (Issue 2). Finally, the ASU exemptsboth lessees and lessors from having to provide certain interim disclosures in the fiscal year in which a company adopts the new leasesstandard. (Issue 3). The transition and effective date provisions apply to Issue 1 and Issue 2. They do not apply to Issue 3 becausethe amendments for that Issue are to the original transition requirements in Topic 842. This amendment will be effective for fiscal yearsbeginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted.The Company evaluated ASU 2019-01 and adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2019.

 

F-26

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

COVID-19Impact on Concentration of Risk

 

TheCOVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted health and economic conditions throughout the United States and globally, as publicconcern about becoming ill with the virus has led to the issuance of recommendations and/or mandates from federal, state and localauthorities to practice social distancing or self-quarantine. The Company is continually monitoring the outbreak of COVID-19 and therelated business and travel restrictions and changes to behavior intended to reduce its spread, and its impact on operations,financial position, cash flows, inventory, supply chains, purchasing trends, customer payments, and the industry in general, inaddition to the impact on its employees. We have experienced significant disruptions to our business due to the COVID-19 pandemicand related suggested and mandated social distancing and shelter-in-place orders.

 

3. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

 

   September 30,   December 31, 
   2021   2020 
         
Leasehold improvement  $2,404,303   $1,605,848 
Furniture and equipment   344,281    328,574 
Vehicle   30,543    30,543 
           
Total property and equipment   2,779,127    1,964,965 
Accumulated depreciation   (473,684)   (379,390)
           
Total property and equipment, net  $2,305,443   $1,585,575 

 

Forthe nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, total depreciation was $78,172 and $114,817, respectively.

 

4. BANK NOTES PAYABLES

 

   September 30,   December 31 
   2021   2020 
         
September 22, 2017 ($250,000) - AA  $171,851   $189,185 
November 27, 2018 ($780,000) - JJ   577,583    656,593 
February 13, 2020 ($255,000) - CC   223,975    239,626 
September 14, 2021 ($197,000) - CC   100,000    - 
September 15, 2021 ($199,000) - DD   120,000    - 
Total bank notes payables   1,193,409    1,085,404 
Less - current portion   (227,432)   (162,031)
           
Total bank notes payables, less current portion  $965,977   $923,373 

 

F-27

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

The following table provides future minimum payments as of September 30, 2021:    
     
For the years ended  Amount 
2021 (remaining three months)  $51,824 
2022   234,144 
2023   234,144 
2024   234,144 
2025   219,078 
Thereafter   218,096 
      
Total  $1,191,429 

 

September22, 2017 – $250,000 – Global AA Group, Inc.

 

OnSeptember 22, 2017, Global AA Group, Inc. (the “AA”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of$250,000 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”). As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the balanceis $171,851 and $189,185, respectively.

 

Pursuantto that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, AA borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $250,000, with proceeds to be used forworking capital purposes. Interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independentindex which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced fromthe date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $2,888 per month which includes principal and interest with an initial interestrate of 6.75% per year. The balance of principal and interest is payable on September 22, 2027.

 

November27, 2018 – $780,000 – Global JJ Group, Inc.

 

OnNovember 27, 2018, Global JJ Group, Inc. (the “JJ”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of$780,000 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”). As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the balanceis $568,583 and $656,593, respectively.

 

Pursuantto that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, JJ borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $780,000, with proceeds to be used forworking capital purposes. Interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independentindex which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced fromthe date of each advance. Installment payments of $11,818.08 for a total of 83 payments, including principal and interest, are due monthlybeginning on January 1, 2019. The balance of principal and interest is payable on December 1, 2025.

 

February13, 2020 – $255,000 – Global CC Group, Inc.

 

OnFebruary 13, 2020, Global CC Group, Inc. (the “CC”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of$255,000 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”). As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the balanceis $223,975 and $239,626, respectively.

 

Pursuantto that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, CC borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $255,000, with proceeds to be used forworking capital purposes. Interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independentindex which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced fromthe date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $2,913 per month which includes principal and interest with an initial interestrate of 6.50%. The balance of principal and interest is payable on February 13, 2030.

 

F-28

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

September14, 2021 – $197,000 – Global CC Group, Inc.

 

OnSeptember 14, 2021, Global CC Group, Inc. (the “CC”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of$197,000 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”). As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the balanceis $197,000 and $0, respectively.

 

Pursuantto that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, CC borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $197,000, with proceeds to be used forworking capital purposes. Interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independentindex which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced fromthe date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $2,128 per month which includes principal and interest with an initial interestrate of 5.25%. The balance of principal and interest is payable on September 14, 2031.

 

Asof September 30, 2021, the CC has received $120,000 of the $197,000.

 

September15, 2021– $199,000 – Global DD Group, Inc.

 

OnSeptember 15, 2021, Global DD Group, Inc. (the “DD”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of$199,000 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”). As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the balanceis $199,000 and $0, respectively.

 

Pursuantto that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, DD borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $199,000, with proceeds to be used forworking capital purposes. Interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independentindex which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced fromthe date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $2,419 per month which includes principal and interest with an initial interestrate of 5.25%. The balance of principal and interest is payable on September 15, 2031.

 

Asof September 30, 2021, DD has received $100,000 of the $199,000.

 

5. LOAN PAYABLES, PPP

 

   September 30,   December 31 
   2021   2020 
         
February 16, 2021 ($131,600 - PPP loan) - AA  $131,600   $

129,300

 
February 16, 2021 ($166,700 - PPP loan) - JJ   166,700    

102,000

 
February 16, 2021 ($87,600 - PPP loan) - BB   87,600    

42,000

 
Total loan payables, PPP   385,900    

273,300

 
Less - current portion   (77,180)   (212,567)
           
Total loans payables, PPP, less current portion  $308,720   $60,733 

 

The following table provides future minimum payments as of September 30, 2021:    
     
For the years ended  Amount 
2021 (remaining three months)  $7,718 
2022   92,616 
2023   92,616 
2024   92,616 
2025   92,616 
Thereafter   7,718 
      
Total  $385,900 

 

F-29

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

April22, 2020 – $102,000 – Global JJ Group, Inc.

 

OnApril 22, 2020, Global JJ Group, Inc. (the “JJ”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a Paycheck ProtectionProgram Loan (the “PPP Loan”) of $102,000 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) under its PaycheckProtection Program in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JJ’s business.

 

ThePPP loan is administered by the SBA. The interest rate of the loan is 1.00% per annum and accrues on the unpaid principal balance computedon the basis of the actual number of days elapsed in a year of 360 days. Commencing seven months after the effective date of the PPPLoan, the Company is required to pay the Lender equal monthly payments of principal and interest as required to fully amortize any unforgivenprincipal balance of the loan by the two-year anniversary of the effective date of the PPP Loan (the “Maturity Date”). ThePPP Loan contains customary events of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults, making materially false or misleadingrepresentations to the SBA or the Lender, or breaching the terms of the PPP Loan. The occurrence of an event of default may result inthe repayment of all amounts outstanding under the PPP Loan, collection of all amounts owing from the Company, or filing suit and obtainingjudgment against the Company. Under the terms of the CARES Act, PPP loan recipients can apply for and be granted forgiveness for allor a portion of the loan granted under the PPP. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of loanproceeds for payment of payroll costs and any payments of mortgage interest, rent, and utilities. Recent modifications to the PPP bythe U.S. Treasury and Congress have extended the time period for loan forgiveness beyond the original eight-week period, making it possiblefor the Company to apply for forgiveness of its PPP loan.

 

OnJuly 23, 2021, $102,000 in principal and $1,277 in interest was forgiven by the SBA.

 

April22, 2020 – $129,300 – Global AA Group, Inc.

 

OnApril 22, 2020, Global AA Group, Inc. (the “AA”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a Paycheck ProtectionProgram Loan (the “PPP Loan”) of $129,300 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) under its PaycheckProtection Program in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the AA’s business.

 

ThePPP loan is administered by the SBA. The interest rate of the loan is 1.00% per annum and accrues on the unpaid principal balance computedon the basis of the actual number of days elapsed in a year of 360 days. Commencing seven months after the effective date of the PPPLoan, the Company is required to pay the Lender equal monthly payments of principal and interest as required to fully amortize any unforgivenprincipal balance of the loan by the two-year anniversary of the effective date of the PPP Loan (the “Maturity Date”). ThePPP Loan contains customary events of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults, making materially false or misleadingrepresentations to the SBA or the Lender, or breaching the terms of the PPP Loan. The occurrence of an event of default may result inthe repayment of all amounts outstanding under the PPP Loan, collection of all amounts owing from the Company, or filing suit and obtainingjudgment against the Company. Under the terms of the CARES Act, PPP loan recipients can apply for and be granted forgiveness for allor a portion of the loan granted under the PPP. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of loanproceeds for payment of payroll costs and any payments of mortgage interest, rent, and utilities. Recent modifications to the PPP bythe U.S. Treasury and Congress have extended the time period for loan forgiveness beyond the original eight-week period, making it possiblefor the Company to apply for forgiveness of its PPP loan.

 

OnJuly 21, 2021, $129,300 in principal and $1,612 in interest was forgiven by the SBA.

 

F-30

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

April22, 2020 – $42,000 – Global BB Group, Inc.

 

OnApril 22, 2020, Global BB Group, Inc. (the “BB”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a Paycheck ProtectionProgram Loan (the “PPP Loan”) of $42,000 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) under its PaycheckProtection Program in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the BB’s business.

 

ThePPP loan is administered by the SBA. The interest rate of the loan is 1.00% per annum and accrues on the unpaid principal balance computedon the basis of the actual number of days elapsed in a year of 360 days. Commencing seven months after the effective date of the PPPLoan, the Company is required to pay the Lender equal monthly payments of principal and interest as required to fully amortize any unforgivenprincipal balance of the loan by the two-year anniversary of the effective date of the PPP Loan (the “Maturity Date”). ThePPP Loan contains customary events of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults, making materially false or misleadingrepresentations to the SBA or the Lender, or breaching the terms of the PPP Loan. The occurrence of an event of default may result inthe repayment of all amounts outstanding under the PPP Loan, collection of all amounts owing from the Company, or filing suit and obtainingjudgment against the Company. Under the terms of the CARES Act, PPP loan recipients can apply for and be granted forgiveness for allor a portion of the loan granted under the PPP. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of loanproceeds for payment of payroll costs and any payments of mortgage interest, rent, and utilities. Recent modifications to the PPP bythe U.S. Treasury and Congress have extended the time period for loan forgiveness beyond the original eight-week period, making it possiblefor the Company to apply for forgiveness of its PPP loan.

 

OnJuly 21, 2021, $42,000 in principal and $524 in interest was forgiven by the SBA.

 

February16, 2021 – $131,600 – Global AA Group, Inc.

 

OnFebruary 16, 2021, Global AA Group, Inc. (the “AA”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a PaycheckProtection Program Loan (the “PPP Loan”) of $131,600 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”)under its Paycheck Protection Program in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the AA’s business.

 

ThePPP loan is administered by the SBA. The interest rate of the loan is 1.00% per annum and accrues on the unpaid principal balance computedon the basis of the actual number of days elapsed in a year of 365 days. Commencing ten months after the effective date of the PPP Loan,the Company is required to pay the Lender equal monthly payments of principal and interest as required to fully amortize any unforgivenprincipal balance of the loan by the five-year anniversary of the effective date of the PPP Loan (the “Maturity Date”). ThePPP Loan contains customary events of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults, making materially false or misleadingrepresentations to the SBA or the Lender, or breaching the terms of the PPP Loan. The occurrence of an event of default may result inthe repayment of all amounts outstanding under the PPP Loan, collection of all amounts owing from the Company, or filing suit and obtainingjudgment against the Company. Under the terms of the CARES Act, PPP loan recipients can apply for and be granted forgiveness for allor a portion of the loan granted under the PPP. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of loanproceeds for payment of payroll costs and any payments of mortgage interest, rent, and utilities. Recent modifications to the PPP bythe U.S. Treasury and Congress have extended the time period for loan forgiveness beyond the original eight-week period, making it possiblefor the Company to apply for forgiveness of its PPP loan.

 

February16, 2021 – $166,700 – Global JJ Group, Inc.

 

OnFebruary 16, 2021, Global JJ Group, Inc. (the “JJ”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a PaycheckProtection Program Loan (the “PPP Loan”) of $166,700 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”)under its Paycheck Protection Program in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JJ’s business.

 

ThePPP loan is administered by the SBA. The interest rate of the loan is 1.00% per annum and accrues on the unpaid principal balance computedon the basis of the actual number of days elapsed in a year of 365 days. Commencing ten months after the effective date of the PPP Loan,the Company is required to pay the Lender equal monthly payments of principal and interest as required to fully amortize any unforgivenprincipal balance of the loan by the five-year anniversary of the effective date of the PPP Loan (the “Maturity Date”). ThePPP Loan contains customary events of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults, making materially false or misleadingrepresentations to the SBA or the Lender, or breaching the terms of the PPP Loan. The occurrence of an event of default may result inthe repayment of all amounts outstanding under the PPP Loan, collection of all amounts owing from the Company, or filing suit and obtainingjudgment against the Company. Under the terms of the CARES Act, PPP loan recipients can apply for and be granted forgiveness for allor a portion of the loan granted under the PPP. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of loanproceeds for payment of payroll costs and any payments of mortgage interest, rent, and utilities. Recent modifications to the PPP bythe U.S. Treasury and Congress have extended the time period for loan forgiveness beyond the original eight-week period, making it possiblefor the Company to apply for forgiveness of its PPP loan.

 

F-31

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

February16, 2021 – $87,600 – Global BB Group, Inc.

 

OnFebruary 16, 2021, Global BB Group, Inc. (the “BB”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a PaycheckProtection Program Loan (the “PPP Loan”) of $87,600 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) underits Paycheck Protection Program in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the BB’s business.

 

ThePPP loan is administered by the SBA. The interest rate of the loan is 1.00% per annum and accrues on the unpaid principal balance computedon the basis of the actual number of days elapsed in a year of 365 days. Commencing ten months after the effective date of the PPP Loan,the Company is required to pay the Lender equal monthly payments of principal and interest as required to fully amortize any unforgivenprincipal balance of the loan by the five-year anniversary of the effective date of the PPP Loan (the “Maturity Date”). ThePPP Loan contains customary events of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults, making materially false or misleadingrepresentations to the SBA or the Lender, or breaching the terms of the PPP Loan. The occurrence of an event of default may result inthe repayment of all amounts outstanding under the PPP Loan, collection of all amounts owing from the Company, or filing suit and obtainingjudgment against the Company. Under the terms of the CARES Act, PPP loan recipients can apply for and be granted forgiveness for allor a portion of the loan granted under the PPP. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of loanproceeds for payment of payroll costs and any payments of mortgage interest, rent, and utilities. Recent modifications to the PPP bythe U.S. Treasury and Congress have extended the time period for loan forgiveness beyond the original eight-week period, making it possiblefor the Company to apply for forgiveness of its PPP loan.

 

6. LOAN PAYABLES, EIDL

 

   September 30,   December 31 
   2021   2020 
         
June 13, 2020 ($150,000 - EIDL ) - AA  $150,000   $150,000 
June 13, 2020 ($150,000 - EIDL ) - BB   150,000    150,000 
July 15, 2020 ($150,000 - EIDL) - JJ   150,000    150,000 
Total loans payables, EIDL   450,000    450,000 
Less - current portion   (20,259)   (8,621)
           
Total loans payables, EIDL, less current portion  $429,741   $441,379 

 

The following table provides future minimum payments as of September 30, 2021:    
     
For the years ended  Amount 
2021 (remaining three months)  $8,621 
2022   15,517 
2023   15,517 
2024   15,517 
2025   15,517 
Thereafter   379,310 
      
Total  $450,000 

 

F-32

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

June13, 2020 – $150,000 – Global AA Group, Inc.

 

OnJune 13, 2020, Global AA Group, Inc. (the “AA”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan (the “EIDLLoan”) from the SBA under its Economic Injury Disaster Loan (“EIDL”) assistance program in light of the impact of theCOVID-19 pandemic on the AA’s business.

 

Pursuantto that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement (the “SBA Loan Agreement”), AA borrowed an aggregate principal amount ofthe EIDL Loan of $150,000, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. Interest accrues at the rate of 3.75% per annum andwill accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. Installment payments, including principal and interest, aredue monthly beginning May 14, 2021 (twelve months from the date of the SBA Loan) in the amount of $731. The balance of principal andinterest is payable thirty years from the date of the SBA Loan. In connection therewith, AA also received a $10,000 grant, which doesnot have to be repaid. During the year ended December 31, 2020, $10,000 was recorded in other income in the Statements of Operations.

 

Inconnection therewith, AA executed (i) a loan for the benefit of the SBA (the “SBA Loan”), which contains customary eventsof default and (ii) a Security Agreement, granting the SBA a security interest in all tangible and intangible personal property of AA,which also contains customary events of default (the “SBA Security Agreement”).

 

June13, 2020 – $150,000 – Global BB Group, Inc.

 

OnJune 13, 2020, Global BB Group, Inc. (the “BB”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan (the “EIDLLoan”) from the SBA under its Economic Injury Disaster Loan (“EIDL”) assistance program in light of the impact of theCOVID-19 pandemic on the BB’s business.

 

Pursuantto that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement (the “SBA Loan Agreement”), BB borrowed an aggregate principal amount ofthe EIDL Loan of $150,000, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. Interest accrues at the rate of 3.75% per annum andwill accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. Installment payments, including principal and interest, aredue monthly beginning May 14, 2021 (twelve months from the date of the SBA Loan) in the amount of $731. The balance of principal andinterest is payable thirty years from the date of the SBA Loan. In connection therewith, BB also received a $10,000 grant, which doesnot have to be repaid. During the year ended December 31, 2020, $10,000 was recorded in other income in the Statements of Operations.

 

Inconnection therewith, BB executed (i) a loan for the benefit of the SBA (the “SBA Loan”), which contains customary eventsof default and (ii) a Security Agreement, granting the SBA a security interest in all tangible and intangible personal property of BB,which also contains customary events of default (the “SBA Security Agreement”).

 

July15, 2020 – $150,000 – Global JJ Group, Inc.

 

OnJuly 15, 2020, Global JJ Group, Inc. (the “JJ”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan (the “EIDLLoan”) from the SBA under its Economic Injury Disaster Loan (“EIDL”) assistance program in light of the impact of theCOVID-19 pandemic on the JJ’s business.

 

Pursuantto that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement (the “SBA Loan Agreement”), JJ borrowed an aggregate principal amount ofthe EIDL Loan of $150,000, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. Interest accrues at the rate of 3.75% per annum andwill accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. Installment payments, including principal and interest, aredue monthly beginning May 14, 2021 (twelve months from the date of the SBA Loan) in the amount of $731. The balance of principal andinterest is payable thirty years from the date of the SBA Loan.

 

F-33

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

7. RESTAURANT REVITALIZATION FUND

 

   September 30,   December 31, 
   2021   2020 
         
June 1, 2021 (700,454 - Restaurant Revitalization Fund) - JJ  $700,454   $- 
Total restaurant revitalization fund  $700,454   $- 
Less - current portion   -    - 
           
Total restaurant revitalization fund, less current portion  $700,454   $- 

 

The following table provides future minimum payments as of September 30, 2021:    
     
For the years ended  Amount 
2021 (remaining three months)  $- 
2022   - 
2023   700,454 
2024   - 
2025   - 
Thereafter   - 
      
Total  $700,454 

 

June1, 2021 – $700,454 – Global JJ Group, Inc.

 

OnJune 1, 2021, Global JJ Group, Inc. (the “JJ”) executed the documents required for securing a Restaurant Revitalization Fund(the “RRF”) of $700,454 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) under the American Rescue PlanAct in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JJ’s business.

 

TheRRF is administered by the SBA. The interest rate of the loan is 0.00% per annum and accrues on the unpaid principal balance computedon the basis of the actual number of days elapsed in a year of 365 days. No later than March 11, 2023 (the “Maturity Date”),the Company is required to pay the Lender any unused funds as well as any funds used for non-eligible expenses. The RRF contains customaryevents of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults, making materially false or misleading representations to the SBAor the Lender, or breaching the terms of the RRF. The occurrence of an event of default may result in the repayment of all amounts outstandingunder the RRF, collection of all amounts owing from the Company, or filing suit and obtaining judgment against the Company. Under theterms of the American Rescue Plan Act, RRF recipients can apply for and be granted forgiveness for all or a portion of the funds granted.Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of the loan proceeds for payments of payroll costs, businessmortgage obligation, rent, debt, utility, maintenance, construction of outdoor seating, supplies, food and beverage, supplier costs,and other business operating expenses.

 

Asof September 30, 2021, none of the notes payables, loans payables, and restaurant revitalization fund noted above are in default.

 

F-34

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

8. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

TheCompany had the following related party transactions:

 

  Due to related party – From time to time, the Company borrowed money from APIIS Financial Group, a company controlled by Mr. Chae. The balance is non-interest bearing and due on demand. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the balance was $1,337,590 and $911,411, respectively.
     
  Distributions – From time to time, the Company made distributions in the form of dividends to Mr. James Chae as the sole stockholder of the Company. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Mr. James Chae was distributed $526,657 and $620,838, respectively.

 

9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

Commitments

 

Operatinglease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of leasepayments over the lease term. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities representour obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Generally, the implicit rate of interest in arrangements is not readilydeterminable and the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’sincremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on its understanding of what its credit rating would be. The operating leaseROU asset includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Our variable lease payments primarily consist of maintenanceand other operating expenses from our real estate leases. Variable lease payments are excluded from the ROU assets and lease liabilitiesand are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Our lease terms may include options to extendor terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognizedon a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

TheCompany has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. The Company has elected to account for these lease and non-lease componentsas a single lease component.

 

In accordance with ASC 842, the components of lease expense were as follows:
         
For the nine months ended September 30,  2021   2020 
Operating lease expense  $281,331   $160,313 
Total lease expense  $281,331   $160,313 

 

In accordance with ASC 842, other information related to leases was as follows:
         
For the nine months ended September 30,  2021   2020 
Operating cash flows from operating leases  $264,700   $204,020 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities     $264,700   $204,020 
           
Weighted-average remaining lease term—operating leases         7.9 Years  
Weighted-average discount rate—operating leases        7%

 

F-35

 

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. and Subsidiaries

Notesto Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Inaccordance with ASC 842, maturities of operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2021 were as follows:

 

   Operating 
Year ending:  Lease 
2021 (remaining three months)  $100,108 
2022   349,955 
2023   356,051 
2024   366,962 
2025   381,474 
Thereafter   1,453,553 
Total undiscounted cash flows  $3,008,103 
      
Reconciliation of lease liabilities:     
Weighted-average remaining lease terms   7.9 Years 
Weighted-average discount rate   7%
Present values  $2,376,877 
      
Lease liabilities—current   223,643 
Lease liabilities—long-term   2,153,234 
Lease liabilities—total  $2,376,877 
      
Difference between undiscounted and discounted cash flows  $631,226 

 

Contingencies

 

Fromtime to time, the Company may be involved in certain legal actions and claims arising in the normal course of business. Management isof the opinion that such matters will be resolved without material effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

 

10. SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

 

ClassA Common Stock

 

TheCompany has authorization to issue and have outstanding at any one time 49,000,000 shares of Class A common stock with a par value of$0.0001 value per share. Each share of Class A common stock will entitle its holder to one vote on all matters to be voted on by stockholdersgenerally.

 

ClassB Common Stock

 

TheCompany has authorization to issue and have outstanding at any one time 1,000,000 shares of Class B common stock with a par value of$0.0001 per share. The shareholders of Class B common stock shall be entitled to 10 vote per share for each share of Class A common stock,and with respect to such vote, shall be entitled, notwithstanding any provision hereof, to notice of any shareholders’ meetingin accordance with the bylaws of this Company, and shall be entitled to vote together as a single class with holders of Class A commonstock with respect to any question or matter upon which holders of Class A common stock have the right to vote, unless otherwise requiredby applicable law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Class B common stock shall also entitle the holders thereofto vote as a separate class as set forth herein and as required by law.

 

Theshareholders of Class B common stock shall be entitled to dividends as shall be declared by the Company’s Board of Directors fromtime to time at the same rate per share as the Class A common stock.

 

Theshareholders of the Class B common stock shall have conversation rights with respect to the Class B common stock into shares of ClassA common stock:

 

  at such time as any shares of Class B common stock cease to be beneficially owned by James Chae, such shares of Class B common stock will be automatically converted into shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis;
  all of the Class B common stock will automatically convert into Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis on such date when the number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock beneficially owned by James Chae represents less than 25% of the total number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding as set forth in the Exchange Agreement; and
  at the election of the holder of Class B common stock, any share of Class B common stock may be converted into one share of Class A common stock.

 

11. EARNINGS PER SHARE

 

TheCompany calculates earnings per share in accordance with FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, which requires a dual presentation of basicand diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding duringthe fiscal year. The Company did not have any dilutive common shares for nine months ended September 30, 2021 and year ended December31, 2020.

 

12. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

TheCompany evaluated all events or transactions that occurred after September 31, 2021. During this period, the Company did not have anymaterial recognizable subsequent events required to be disclosed.

 

F-36

 

 

 

4,000,000UNITS

 

EachUnit Consisting of One Share of Class A Common Stock and One Warrant to Purchase One Share of Class A Common Stock

 

PROSPECTUS

 

EFHUTTON

divisionof Benchmark Investments, LLC

 

          ,2022

 

Throughand including             , 2022 (the 25th day after the date of the prospectus),all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver aprospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respectto their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

 

 
 

 

PARTII

 

INFORMATIONNOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS

 

Item13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

 

Thefollowing table sets forth the various expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by the registrant in connectionwith the sale of units being registered. All of the amounts shown are estimated except the Securities and Exchange Commission registrationfee and the FINRA filing fee.

 

   Amount To
Be Paid
 
SEC registration fee  $4,930.49 
FINRA filing fee   8,478.13 
Nasdaq listing fee   100,000.00 
Printing and engraving expenses   10,000.00 
Legal fees and expenses   500,000.00 
Accounting fees and expenses   50,000.00 
Transfer agent and registrar fees   10,500.00 
Miscellaneous fees and expenses   66,091.38 
Total  $750,000 

 

Item14.Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

 

Registrantis a Delaware corporation. Section 145(a) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) provides that a Delaware corporationmay indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suitor proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, other than an action by or in the right of the corporation,by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at therequest of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or otherenterprise, against expenses (including attorney fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurredby the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonablybelieved to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, hadno reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.

 

Section145(b) of the DGCL provides that a Delaware corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made aparty to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favorby reason of the fact that such person acted in any of the capacities set forth above, against expenses (including attorney fees) actuallyand reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in goodfaith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, except that noindemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liableto the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shalldetermine that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonablyentitled to indemnity for such expenses which the court shall deem proper.

 

Furthersubsections of DGCL Section 145 provide that:

 

(a)to the extent a present or former director or officer of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in the defenseof any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of Section 145 or in the defense of any claim, issue or mattertherein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually and reasonably incurred by suchperson in connection therewith;

 

II-1
 

 

(b)the indemnification and advancement of expenses provided for pursuant to Section 145 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rightsto which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders ordisinterested directors or otherwise; and

 

(c)the corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance of behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employeeor agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of anothercorporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against any liability asserted against such person and incurred bysuch person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the corporation would have thepower to indemnify such person against such liability under Section 145.

 

Asused in this Item 14, the term “proceeding” means any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whetheror not by or in the right of registrant, and whether civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or otherwise.

 

Section145 of the DGCL makes provision for the indemnification of officers and directors in terms sufficiently broad to indemnify officers anddirectors of registrant under certain circumstances from liabilities (including reimbursement for expenses incurred) arising under theSecurities Act of 1933. Registrant’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides, in effect, that, to the fullestextent and under the circumstances permitted by Section 145 of the DGCL, registrant will indemnify any and all of its officers and directors.Before the completion of this offering, registrant intends to enter into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors.These agreements will require registrant to indemnify these individuals to the fullest extent permitted under DGCL against liabilitiesthat may arise by reason of their service, and to advance expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which theycould be indemnified. Registrant may, in its discretion, similarly indemnify its employees and agents. Registrant’s amended andrestated certificate of incorporation also relieves its directors from monetary damages to registrant or its stockholders for breachof such director’s fiduciary duty as a director to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL. Under Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL,a corporation may relieve its directors from personal liability to such corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for anybreach of their fiduciary duty as directors except (i) for a breach of the duty of loyalty, (ii) for failure to act in good faith, (iii)for intentional misconduct or knowing violation of law, (iv) for willful or negligent violations of certain provisions in the DGCL imposingcertain requirements with respect to stock repurchases, redemptions and dividends or (v) for any transactions from which the directorderived an improper personal benefit.

 

Inconnection with this offering, we intend to enter into employment agreements with Messrs. Uba, Shinohara and Kamei to be effective asof the date of the consummation of this offering. Such employment agreements will require registrant to indemnify such officers to themaximum extent permitted under applicable law and the registrant’s bylaws, and in accordance with such officers’ indemnificationagreements. In addition, for the duration of such officers’ employment and for a period of six years thereafter, such employmentagreements will require registrant to purchase and maintain, at registrant’s expense, directors’ and officers’ liabilityinsurance, which provides coverage to such officers on terms that are no less favorable than coverage provided to directors and similarlysituated executives of the registrant.

 

Registranthas purchased insurance policies which, within the limits and subject to the terms and conditions thereof, cover certain expenses andliabilities that may be incurred by directors and officers in connection with proceedings that may be brought against them as a resultof an act or omission committed or suffered while acting as a director or officer of registrant.

 

Theform of Underwriting Agreement, to be entered into in connection with this offering and to be attached as Exhibit 1.1 hereto, providesfor the indemnification by the Underwriters of us and our officers and directors for certain liabilities, including liabilities arisingunder the Securities Act, and affords certain rights of contribution with respect thereto.

 

II-2
 

 

Item15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

 

Ineach of these issuances the recipient represented that he or she was acquiring the shares for investment purposes only, and not witha view towards distribution or resale except in compliance with applicable securities laws. No general solicitation or advertising wasused in connection with any transaction, and the certificate evidencing the securities that were issued contained a legend restrictingtheir transferability absent registration under the Securities Act or the availability of an applicable exemption therefrom. Unless specificallyset forth below, no underwriter participated in the transaction and no commissions were paid in connection with the transactions.

 

In December 2021, Yoshiharu Holdings was formed by James Chae as an Scorporation for the purpose of acquiring all of the equity in each of the 6 restaurant store entities which were previously founded andwholly owned directly by James Chae in exchange for an issuance of 10,000,000 shares to James Chae, which constituted all of the issuedand outstanding equity in Yoshiharu Holdings Co.

 

Yoshiharu Global Co. was incorporated on December 9, 2021 in Delawareby James Chae for purposes of effecting this offering. On December 9, 2021, James Chae contributed 100% of the equity in YoshiharuHoldings Co. to Yoshiharu Global Co. in exchange for the issuance by Yoshiharu Global Co. of 9,450,900 shares of Class A commonstock to James Chae. On December 10, 2021, the Company redeemed 670,000 shares of Class A common stock from James Chae at par ($0.0001per share). In December 2021, the Company conducted a private placement solely to accredited investors and sold 670,000 shares of ClassA common stock at $2.00 per share, which the Company’s board of directors determined to reflect the then current fair market valueof the Company’s Class A common stock. The Company shall exchange 1,000,000 shares of Common stock held byJames Chae into 1,000,000 shares of Class B common stock immediately prior to the execution of the underwriting agreement.

 

Allof the offers and sales set forth above by Yoshiharu Holdings and Yoshiharu Global Co. qualified for exemptions under Section 4(a)(2)of the Securities Act of 1933 since none of the issuances of shares involved a public offering as defined in Section 4(a)(2). We didnot undertake an offering in which we sold a high number of shares to a high number of investors. In addition, James Chae had necessaryinvestment intent as required by Section 4(a)(2) since he agreed to receive share certificates bearing a legend stating that such sharesare restricted pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act of 1933 Act. This restriction ensures that these shares would not be immediatelyredistributed into the market and therefore not be part of a “public offering.” James Chae is a “sophisticated investor”.Based on an analysis of the above factors, we believe we have met the requirements to qualify for exemption under section 4(a)(2) ofthe Securities Act of 1933 for these transactions.

 

Item16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

 

Exhibit No.   Description   Location
1.1   Form of Underwriting Agreement   Filed herewith
2.1   Share Exchange Agreement, by and among James Chae and Registrant dated December 9, 2021   Filed herewith
3.1   Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant   Filed herewith
3.2   Bylaws of Registrant   Filed herewith
4.1   Specimen Unit Certificate   Filed herewith
4.2   Specimen Class A Common Stock Certificate   Filed herewith
4.3   Specimen Warrant Certificate   Filed herewith
4.4   Form of Warrant Agreement   Filed herewith
4.5   Form of Representative’s Warrant   Filed herewith
5.1   Form of Opinion of K&L Gates LLP   Filed herewith
10.1   Form of IPO Lock-Up Agreement   Filed herewith
10.2   Form of Director and Officer Indemnity Agreement   Filed herewith
10.3   Commercial Lease by and between Daniel D. Lim and Global JJ Group, Inc. dated November 1, 2015   Filed herewith
10.4   Retail Center Lease Agreement by between the Source at Beach, LLC and Global JJ Group, Inc. dated May 1, 2015   Filed herewith
10.5   Commercial Lease Agreement by and between Juan Caamano and Global AA Group, Inc. dated September 6, 2016   Filed herewith
10.6   Shopping Center Lease by and between La Miranda Center, Inc. and Global DD Group, Inc. dated July 1, 2020   Filed herewith
10.7   Retail Lease by and between Irvine Orchard Hills Retail, LLC and Yoshiharu Irvine dated December 30, 2020   Filed herewith
10.8   Lease between Tarpon Property Ownership 2 LLC and Global BB Group, Inc. dated August 22, 2019   Filed herewith
10.9   Shopping Center Lease by and between the Price Reit, Inc. and Global CC Group, Inc. dated March 2, 2021   Filed herewith
10.10   Lease Agreement by and between SY Ventures V, LLC and Global AA Group, Inc.    Filed herewith
10.11   Lease by and between Cerritos West Covenant Group LLC and Yoshiharu Cerritos dated March 2, 2021   Filed herewith
10.12   Consulting Agreement by and between Kevin Hartley and dated October 1, 2021   Filed herewith
10.13   Contract Agreement by and between Life Construction Development, Inc. and Yoshiharu Ramen, dated March 23, 2021  
10.14   Contract Agreement by and between Life Construction Development, Inc. and Yoshiharu Ramen, dated July 23, 2021   Filed herewith
10.15   Contract Agreement by and between Life Construction Development, Inc. and Yoshiharu Ramen, dated March 5, 2021   Filed herewith
10.16   Promissory Note, dated November 27, 2018, by and between Global AA Group, Inc., Global JJ Group, Inc. and Pacific City Bank.   Filed herewith
21.1   Subsidiaries of the Registrant    Filed herewith
23.1   Consent of Auditor   Filed herewith
23.2   Consent of K&L Gates LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)    Filed herewith
24.1   Power of Attorney   Filed herewith

 

Nofinancial statement schedules are provided because the information called for is not required or is shown in the financial statementsor the notes thereto.

 

II-3
 

 

Item17. Undertakings.

 

(a)The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters, at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement,certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

 

(b)Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling personsof the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that   in the opinionof the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore,unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expensesincurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding)is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will,unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdictionthe question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by thefinal adjudication of such issue.

 

(c) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:

 

  (1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be a part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
     
  (2) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

II-4
 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuantto the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signedon its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Buena Park, State of California, on January 25, 2022.

 

  YOSHIHARU GLOBAL CO.
     
  By /s/ James Chae
  Name:  James Chae
  Title:

Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief
Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer

 

KNOWALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose individual signature appears below hereby authorizes and appoints James Chae histrue and lawful attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution and resubstitution for him and in his name, place and stead, in anyand all capacities to sign any and all amendments including pre- and post-effective amendments to this registration statement on FormS-1, any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Actof 1933, as amended, and pre- or post-effective amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documentsin connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-factor his substitute, each acting alone, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

 

Pursuantto the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacitiesand on the dates indicated.

 

Signature   Title   Date
         
/s/ James Chae   Chairman of the Board of Directors, President, Chief  
James Chae   Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer   January 25, 2022
         

/s/ Kevin Hartley

  Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary,   January 25, 2022
Kevin Hartley   Principal Financial and Accounting Officer    

 

II-5

 

Stock View