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METROS DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.

Date Filed : Sep 26, 2023

F-11formf-1.htm

 

Asfiled with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on September 26, 2023

 

RegistrationNo. 333-

 

 

 

UNITEDSTATES

SECURITIESAND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington,D.C. 20549

 

FormF-1

REGISTRATIONSTATEMENT

UNDERTHE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

MetrosDevelopment Co., Ltd.

(Exactname of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

NotApplicable

(Translationof Registrant’s name into English)

 

Japan   6552   Not Applicable

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation or organization)

 

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

 

MetrosDevelopment Co., Ltd.

GinzaSanno Building 7F

4-10-10,Ginza, Chuo-ku

Tokyo,Japan

Telephone:+81 3-6457-9420

(Address,including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

CogencyGlobal Inc.

122East 42nd Street, 18th Floor

NewYork, NY 10168

Telephone:(800) 221-0102

(Name,address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

Copiesto:

 

Laura Anthony, Esq.

Craig D. Linder, Esq.

Anthony L.G., PLLC

625 N. Flagler Drive, Suite 600

West Palm Beach, Florida 33401

Telephone: (561) 514-0936

  Louis A. Bevilacqua, Esq.
Bevilacqua PLLC
1050 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 500
Washington, DC 20036
Telephone: (202) 869-0888

 

Approximatedate of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.

 

Ifany of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under theSecurities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒

 

Ifthis Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check thefollowing box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the sameoffering. ☐

 

Ifthis Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list theSecurities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

Ifthis Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list theSecurities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

Indicateby check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

 

Emerginggrowth company ☒

 

Ifan emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registranthas elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuantto Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

 

†The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting StandardsBoard to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

 

Theregistrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until theregistrant files a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective inaccordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement becomes effective on such date as theCommission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theinformation in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registrationstatement filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus does not constitute an offerto sell or a solicitation of an offer to purchase securities in any jurisdiction where offer or sale is not authorized.

 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS   SUBJECT TO COMPLETION   DATED SEPTEMBER 26, 2023

 

 

METROSDEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.

 

_______ Common Shares

 

Weare offering ________ common shares, no par value. This is our initial public offering. Prior to the offering, there has been no publicmarket for our common shares. We expect the initial public offering price to be between $________ and $________ per share. For purposesof this prospectus, the assumed initial public offering price per share is $________, the low-end of the anticipated price range.

 

Weare also seeking to register the issuance of (i) warrants to purchase ______ common shares (the “Representative’sWarrant”) to the underwriters (assuming the exercise of the over-allotment option by theUnderwriters in full) as well as (ii) ______ common shares issuable upon exercise by the underwriters of the Representative’sWarrant at an exercise price of $______ per share (100% of initial public offering price).

 

Wehave applied to list our common shares on The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “______”. Webelieve that upon the completion of the offering contemplated by this prospectus, we will meet the standards for listing on Nasdaq. Wecannot guarantee that we will be successful in listing our common shares on Nasdaq; however, we will not complete this offering unlesswe are so listed.

 

Currently,Yoshihiro Koshiba, our Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of directors, beneficially owns 35,000,000 common shares, whichrepresent approximately 71.43% of the voting power of our outstanding common shares. Following this offering, Mr. Koshiba will controlapproximately ______% of the voting power of our outstanding common shares if all the common shares are sold. As a result of hisvoting power, he will be able to control any action requiring the general approval of our shareholders, including the election of ourboard of directors, the adoption of amendments to our articles of incorporation and the approval of any merger or sale of substantiallyall of our assets. If we are approved to list our common shares on Nasdaq, we will be a “controlled company” as defined inRule 5615(c)(1) of the Nasdaq listing standards because more than 50% of our voting power will be held by Mr. Koshiba after the offering.As a “controlled company,” we are exempt by Rule 5615(c)(2) of the Nasdaq listing standards from certain corporate governancerequirements. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of thecorporate governance requirements of Nasdaq. See “Prospectus Summary—Implications of Being a Controlled Company.”

 

Weare an “emerging growth company” under the federal securities laws and, as such, we have elected to comply with certain reducedpublic company reporting requirements for this prospectus and future filings. See “Prospectus Summary— Implications ofBeing an Emerging Growth Company and a Foreign Private Issuer.”

 

Investingin our common shares involves a high degree of risk. Before purchasing any shares, potential investors should carefully read the discussionof the material risks of investing in our common shares under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page 13 of thisprospectus.

 

Neitherthe U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or recognizedthe adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

    Per share     Total  
Public offering price   $ [●]     $ [●]  
Underwriting discounts and commissions (1)   $ [●]     $ [●]  
Proceeds, before expenses, to us   $ [●]     $ [●]  

 

(1) See “Underwriters” beginning on page 92 of this prospectus for additional information regarding the compensation payable to the underwriters.

 

Wehave granted a 45-day option to the underwriters to purchase up to ______ additional common shares solely to cover over-allotments,if any. If the underwriters exercise the option in full, the total underwriting cash discounts and commissions payable by us will be$[●], and the total proceeds to us, before expenses, will be $[●].

 

Deliveryof the common shares is expected to be made on or about [●], 2023.

 

 

Thedate of this prospectus is , 2023

 

 

 

 

TABLEOF CONTENTS

 

  Page
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ii
MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA iii
TRADEMARKS AND COPYRIGHTS iii
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS iii
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY 1
RISK FACTORS 13
USE OF PROCEEDS 31
DIVIDEND POLICY 32
CAPITALIZATION 33
DILUTION 34
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 36
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS 48
MANAGEMENT 61
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS 71
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS 72
DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL 75
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE 84
MATERIAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS 85
UNDERWRITING 92
EXPENSES RELATED TO THIS OFFERING 99
LEGAL MATTERS 100
EXPERTS 100
DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES 100
ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES 100
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 101
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS F-1

 

Youshould rely only on the information contained in this prospectus and any free writing prospectus prepared by us. Neither we nor the underwritershave authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different, and neither we nor the underwriters take any responsibilityfor, and provide any assurance as to the reliability of, any information, other than the information in this prospectus and any freewriting prospectus prepared by us. We are offering to sell our common shares, and seeking offers to buy our common shares, only in jurisdictionswhere such offers and sales are permitted. This prospectus is not an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, our commonshares in any jurisdiction where, or under any circumstances under which, the offer, sale, or solicitation is not permitted. Theinformation in this prospectus and in any free writing prospectus prepared by us is accurate only as of the date on its respective cover,regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any free writing prospectus or the time of any sale of our common shares. Ourbusiness, results of operations, financial condition, or prospects may have changed since those dates.

 

Beforeyou invest in our common shares, you should read the registration statement (including the exhibits thereto and the documents incorporatedby reference therein) of which this prospectus forms a part.

 

Forinvestors outside of the United States: Neither we nor the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering, or thepossession or distribution of this prospectus, in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the UnitedStates. You are required to inform yourselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, this offering and the distribution ofthis prospectus.

 

Noticeto prospective investors in Japan: Our common shares have not been and will not be registered pursuant to Article 4, Paragraph 1of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. Accordingly, none of our common shares nor any interest therein may be offered or sold,directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any “resident” of Japan (which term as used herein means anyperson resident in Japan, including any corporation or other entity organized under the laws of Japan), or to others for re-offeringor resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to or for the benefit of a resident of Japan, except pursuant to an exemption from theregistration requirements of, and otherwise in compliance with, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act and any other applicable laws,regulations, and ministerial guidelines of Japan in effect at the relevant time.

 

i

 

 

CautionaryNote Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

 

Thisprospectus contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events, all of which are subjectto risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identifythese statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You can find many (but not all) of thesestatements by the use of words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “hopes,” “expects,”“anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “will,”“would,” “should,” “could,” “may” or other similar expressions in this prospectus. Thesestatements are likely to address our growth strategy, financial results, and product and development programs. You must carefully considerany such statements and should understand that many factors could cause actual results to differ from our forward-looking statements.These factors may include inaccurate assumptions and a broad variety of other risks and uncertainties, including some that are knownand some that are not. No forward-looking statement can be guaranteed, and actual future results may vary materially. Factors that couldcause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

 

  the size and growth potential of the markets for our products or services, and our ability to serve those markets;
     
  the rate and degree of market acceptance of our products or services;
     
  our ability to expand our sales organization to address effectively existing and new markets that we intend to target;
     
  impact from future regulatory, judicial, and legislative changes or developments in the U.S. and foreign countries;
     
  our ability to compete effectively in a competitive industry;
     
  our ability to obtain funding for our operations;
     
  our ability to attract collaborators and strategic partnerships;
     
  our ability to continue to meet the Nasdaq requirements;
     
  our ability to meet our other financial operating objectives;
     
  the availability of qualified employees for our business operations;
     
  general business and economic conditions;
     
  our ability to meet our financial obligations as they become due;
     
  positive cash flows and financial viability of our operations and new business opportunities;
     
  ability to secure intellectual property rights over our proprietary services;
     
  our ability to be successful in new markets; and
     
  our ability to avoid infringement of intellectual property rights.

 

Wedescribe certain material risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that could affect our business, including our financial condition andresults of operations, under “Risk Factors.” We base our forward-looking statements on our management’s beliefsand assumptions based on information available to our management at the time the statements are made. We caution you that actual outcomesand results may, and are likely to, differ materially from what is expressed, implied or forecast by our forward-looking statements.Accordingly, potential investors should be careful about relying on any forward-looking statements. Except as required under the federalsecurities laws, we do not have any intention or obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements after the distributionof this prospectus, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in assumptions, or otherwise.

 

ii

 

 

ABOUTTHIS PROSPECTUS

 

Asused in this prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires or otherwise states, references to the “Company,” “we,”“us,” “our,” and similar references refer to Metros Development Co., Ltd., a joint stock corporation with limitedliability organized under the laws of Japan, and its subsidiaries.

 

Ourfunctional currency is the Japanese yen (which we refer to as “¥”). Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The terms “$” refer to U.S. dollars, the legal currency of the UnitedStates. Consistent with ASC 830, the reporting currency is converted at the following rates:

 

($1 = ¥ )   November 30, 2022   November 30, 2021   November 30, 2020   May 31, 2023   May 31, 2022 
Spot rate  ¥139.31   ¥113.22   ¥104.38   ¥139.78   ¥128.53 
Average rate  ¥129.69   ¥109.00   ¥107.22   ¥ 133.83   ¥119.71 

 

Wemake no representation that the Japanese yen or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this prospectus could have been or could be convertedinto U.S. dollars or Japanese yen, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all.

 

Ourfinancial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (which we refer to as “USGAAP”). Our fiscal year ends on November 30 of each year as does our reporting year. Therefore, any references to 2022 and2021 are references to the fiscal and reporting years ended November 30, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively. Our most recent fiscalyear ended on November 30, 2022. See Note 2 in our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended November 30,2022, and November 30, 2021, included elsewhere in this prospectus for a discussion of the basis of presentation of financial statements.

 

Wehave made rounding adjustments to some of the figures included in this prospectus. Accordingly, numerical figures shown as totals insome tables may not be an arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them.

 

MARKETAND INDUSTRY DATA

 

Thisprospectus contains references to market data and industry forecasts and projections, which were obtained or derived from publicly availableinformation, reports of governmental agencies, market research reports, and industry publications and surveys. These sources generallystate that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completenessof that information is not guaranteed. Although we believe such information to be accurate, we have not independently verified the datafrom these sources. Forecasts and other forward-looking information obtained from these sources are subject to the same qualificationsand additional uncertainties and risks regarding the other forward-looking statements in this prospectus due to a variety of factors,including those described in the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “RiskFactors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressedin the forecasts and estimates.

 

TRADEMARKSAND COPYRIGHTS

 

Thenames and marks of Metros and Metros Development mentioned in this prospectus are not registered as trademarks. We intend to registerthe names and marks of Metros and the potential real estate crowdfunding services as trademarks in Japan. This prospectus may also containtrademarks, service marks, and trade names of other companies that are the property of their respective owners. The use or display oftrademarks, service marks, trade names or services of third parties in this prospectus does not imply, and should not be construed toimply, any affiliation, endorsement or sponsorship by the Company. For the convenience of readers only, some copyrights, trade names,and trademarks mentioned in this prospectus may appear without their ©, ® and ™ symbols.

 

iii

 

 

PROSPECTUSSUMMARY

 

Thissummary highlights certain information about us, this offering, and selected information contained in this prospectus. This summary isnot complete and does not contain all of the information that potential investors should consider before deciding whether to invest inour common shares. For a more complete understanding of us and this offering, we encourage you to read and consider the more detailedinformation in this prospectus, including “Risk Factors” and the financial statements and related notes. Unless the contextotherwise requires, “Metros,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our,” referto Metros Development Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (“Metros Development”), and its direct subsidiaries, including RoyalHouse Co., Ltd. (“Royal House”) and Metros Resort LLC (“Metros Resort”), each a Japanese corporation.

 

BusinessOverview

 

Weare a real estate consulting company that identifies and purchases what we believe to be underdeveloped real estate properties (landand/or buildings) and re-sell such properties to real estate developers so that they can redevelop those properties. We do not develop,redevelop or participate in the building or construction of any real properties. We also do not engage in realtor-services nor do weprovide services such as title services.

 

Ourmission is to maximize the values of the land and building of real estate owners by first identifying their real estate holdings as underdevelopedand proposing the most effective use of the identified real estate. For example, if a real estate property is located in an upscale residentialarea, but the property, whether it be a building or land, is being used for low-value single-family homes, low-rise buildings or is atthe moment just a plot of land, we do not believe that this is the most effective use of the land and we bring that to the attentionof the property owner.

 

Oncewe identify an underdeveloped property, we negotiate diligently with the landowner to purchase that property. We often purchase separatesmall parcels of land and sell them to a developer as a single large lot. Selling the land as a single large lot often increases thevalue of the property and allows us to sell it at a higher price to developers that will develop the property for high-end condominiumsor commercial buildings.

 

Webelieve that we also contribute to the creation of safe and comfortable urban environments by purchasing old buildings that lack fireresistance and earthquake resistance and selling them as land for development. By encouraging construction of fire resistance and earthquakeresistance buildings, we aim to be beneficial to society as a whole. We are operating under the slogan of “Make the first stepfor safer and more secure cities.” In Japan, which is prone to earthquakes, typhoons, and other natural disasters, building “saferand more secure cities” is a constant objective, one that requires perseverance over many years and a steady, step-by-step buildupof efforts. We believe that the real estate redevelopment projects that we facilitate are the first steps toward creating “saferand more secure cities.”

 

Inmaking the first step for safer and more secure cities, we value and conform to a philosophy called “Sampo-yoshi,” whichis a traditional Japanese business philosophy. “Sampo” is the Japanese word for three parties: the seller, the buyer, andsociety. “Yoshi” means “good” or “beneficial” in Japanese. Therefore, it refers to the philosophyof doing good business, which is intended to be a win-win situation for the seller, the buyer, and society. It is essential for the sellerand buyer to be satisfied, and that a good business can only be said to be good if it contributes to society as well. In our business,for landowners, the value of their property is expected to increase by the proposed redevelopment. For us, we can profit from the increasedvalue of property. For society, it generally becomes safer and more secure by the redevelopment. “Good for the people, good forthe city, and good for society.” This philosophy of “Sampo-yoshi” is our most valued corporate spirit and the verycompany we are striving to become.

 

Forthe years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, we reported revenues of $472,858,985 and $309,378,119, respectively, net income of $36,365,067and $14,775,265, respectively, and net cash used in operating activities to be $45,665,390 and $29,758,668, respectively. For the sixmonths ended May 31, 2023, we reported revenues of $291,655,644, net income of $27,429,614, and net cash provided by operating activitiesof $49,900,607. As stated in the unaudited consolidated financial statements, as of May 31, 2023, we had retained earnings of $136,082,801.

 

1
 

 

OrganizationalStructure

 

Thefollowing diagram reflects our current organizational structure as of the date of this prospectus:

 

 

MetrosDevelopment Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (“Metros”), was formed in Japan on March 29, 2013. In February 2020, Metroscompleted an acquisition of 100% equity interest of Yuryo Shoji Co., a Japanese corporation. Metros was merged with and into Yuryo ShojiCo. on June 1, 2020 with Metros being the surviving entity in such merger. The acquisition of Yuryo Shoji Co. was accounted for as anasset acquisition.

 

Metroshas two wholly owned subsidiaries, Royal House Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation which was established on October 1, 2015 and MetrosResort LLC, a Japanese limited liability company, which was established on February 14, 2020 as an SPC named Metros 1 LLC, on December28, 2022, it was renamed to Metros Resort LLC.

 

TheMetros operates our business directly as well as through Royal House Co., Ltd., where we also identify what we believe to be underdevelopedreal estate properties and purchase and then re-sell such properties to real estate developers.

 

MetrosResort LLC is a non-operating entity at this time and we are exploring various business opportunities for this entity at this time, buthave not yet identified any specific business opportunity.

 

OurStrategy

 

Weidentify and purchase underutilized land and buildings, such as low-rise buildings, from landowners and sell them to developers so thatthe developers can redevelop the properties in a more useful way, such as a high-rise building. We also purchase small adjacent individuallots in bulk and sell them to developers as large lots that can be developed by them on a large scale. By selling the land in such away that it can be effectively utilized by the developers, we are able to add value and sell the property at a higher price than theprice at which we purchased it.

 

Thereal estate industry is susceptible to economic trends, policy interest rate trends, land price trends, real estate sales price trends,real estate taxation, etc. Therefore, a downturn in the real estate market, a significant increase in interest rates, or other similarchanges could negatively affect the Company’s performance. In addition, since our Company adopts a style of purchase/sales in whichwe primarily visit landowners one by one and negotiate with them, our purchase/sales may be restricted by the effects of the continuedcoronavirus pandemic. Specifically, the revenue and net income in 2020 decreased by 12.6% and 32.2%, respectively, from 2019. In 2021,the revenue recovered to the 2019 level but net income was still 39.0% lower than 2019. Therefore, it is our policy to properly identifyand evaluate the possibility of occurrence of risks and to take appropriate measures aiming to deal with them.

 

Weare considering the following strategies seeking to steadily expand our business and increase our corporate value even in the environmentdescribed above.

 

2
 

 

Furtherdevelopment of our core business

 

Wewill strive for steady growth of our core business by increasing the number of purchase/sales personnel, mainly in Tokyo, Osaka, andNagoya, in order to increase the number of approaches to landowners, which we believe will lead to an increase in the number of purchasecontracts and settlements, thereby further expanding sales. We are considering the use of real estate crowd funding in order to providealternate funding to purchase additional properties.

 

Weplan to use a portion of the proceeds of this Offering for the development and marketing of the crowdfunding platform. For additionalinformation on this, please see “Use of Proceeds” on page 31. We intend to hire engineers and developers to build outthe crowdfunding platform and to market the real estate crowdfunding. We will strive for further growth by earning revenue from bothour steady sales style and eventually real estate tech, if possible. As stated above, we intend to primarily use the crowdfunding platformin order to grow our core business. Secondarily, we anticipate that others will be able to utilize our crowd funding platform to raisefunds to acquire real estate.

 

Diversificationof funding methods and securing a sound financial base

 

Whenpurchasing properties to date, we had only two options: using our own funds or borrowing funds from financial institutions. As a result,the amount of cash on hand and the amount available for borrowing from financial institutions have been limiting factors for the Company’sgrowth. In order to reduce or eliminate the impact of the above limiting factors and to maximize the outcome of effort we put on ourcore business, we are considering the use of real estate crowdfunding. We believe that diversifying our funding sources through realestate crowdfunding will contribute to further growth as we can aim to leverage the funds in an effort to maximize sales. Our serviceson the real estate crowdfunding platform are only intended for investors in Japan in accordance with the Act on Specified JointReal Estate Ventures in Japan. We do not plan to allow U.S. persons or persons located in the United States to obtain access to postedoffering materials on the crowdfunding platform. We anticipate restricting access to the posted offering materials (from the crowdfundingsite) to those viewers who first provide their residence information and, in doing so, do not provide information such as a U.S. areacode or address that indicates that they are a U.S. person.

 

Proactiverecruitment of human resources and building an organization that supports further growth in corporate value.

 

Thebusiness we conduct is greatly affected by the number of purchasing/sales personnel. By increasing the number of purchase/sales personnel,mainly in Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya, we aim to increase the number of approaches to landowners, which we believe will lead to an increasein the number of purchase contracts and settlements and further sales growth. In addition, it is imperative to train and secure personnelwho have expertise in purchasing operations and who are trusted by landowners, and accordingly we plan to train personnel who we believecan support the medium-to-long-term growth of the Company and strengthen young and mid-career personnel.

 

StrengtheningInternal Controls and Compliance

 

Aspart of our corporate social responsibility, we plan to work to strengthen internal control and compliance. To this end, we believe itis important to establish a management control system and strengthen corporate governance. In order to develop and operate a system thatcan appropriately respond to these management issues, we will strengthen recruitment and establish various regulations and internal systems.

 

RiskManagement

 

Inorder to appropriately respond to changes in the business environment, we will identify, assess, and respond to risks, and take risksunder an appropriate risk management system in an effort to achieve sustainable growth and enhance our corporate value. In addition,in the event of an emergency such as a new type of coronavirus pandemic, we plan to properly assess the impact on our Company and takeappropriate actions.

 

DistinctiveContractual Arrangements

 

Webelieve there are two main obstacles associated with the real estate business. The first obstacle is inventory risk - we may not be ableto find a developer to sell a property that we purchased from a landowner. In this case, we bear the risk of holding expensive inventory.Regarding the inventory risk, we had real estate inventories of $196,951,361 as of November 30, 2022, and $190,421,240 as of May 31,2023. If we cannot find developers which offer to buy such real estate through the normal sales process, we may have to discountthe sales price significantly even if we would make a loss on the sale of the real estate in order to reduce inventory risk. The secondobstacle is the large amount of funds required in operation. Because the product we handle is expensive, we need to secure large amountsof funds to leverage business. In order to eliminate these obstacles, we have the following distinctive contractual arrangements thatallow us to leverage our business without using our own capital or borrowing funds.

 

IndivisibleUnit Transaction Agreement

 

AnIndivisible Unit Transaction is an agreement that allows us to terminate the contract outright if we are unable to reach an agreementwith all landowners who own real estate in the development area in cases where there are multiple landowners in the developmentarea suitable for redevelopment and redevelopment is not possible with only one landowner’s land. This agreement prevents the riskof having an inventory of land that is not suitable for construction by a developer.

 

3
 

 

Contractsfor Third Parties

 

Acontract for a third party is, in principle, no different from a typical real estate sales contract, but the final buyer is “ourcompany or a third party designated by our company.” This third party could be the developer, which is the ultimate buyer. Sincethe sale to the buyer and payment to the seller are made on the same day, there is no need for separate borrowing by us or use of ourown capital.

 

Deferralof Surrender and Settlement

 

Weoffer the following features to facilitate smooth purchase of properties from landowners and smooth sales to developers and other parties.

 

Deferralof surrender

 

Withrespect to the redevelopment projects, landowners in Japan are often elderly and often have limited financial resources. Therefore,although “property vacancy” (no occupants) is the standard when transferring ownership in conjunction with real estate settlement,we negotiate with a landowner a 2-to-3-month grace period from the date of transfer of ownership. This allows the landowner tolook for a relocation site after receiving the proceeds from the sale from us, eliminating the need for the landowner to come up withthe funds in advance to find a relocation site.

 

Settlementprior to the filing of an action

 

Whenthere is a deferral of surrender, our selling party (developer) is concerned about whether the previous owner will be able to reliablyvacate the property on the surrender date. Therefore, we will set the eviction date and submit it to the court in advance, and if theprevious owner does not vacate the property on the date of vacating, the court will execute a compulsory execution and the occupant willbe removed from the property immediately. If we do not apply for this settlement prior to the filing of an action, we will have to goto court after the eviction date, which may take more than one year to evict the occupant.

 

IndustryOverview

 

Thereal estate industry is susceptible to economic trends, policy interest rate trends, land price trends, real estate sales price trends,real estate taxation, and other factors. Therefore, deterioration in real estate market conditions, significant increases in interestrates, or other changes in conditions could affect our business performance. The market size of the real estate industry in Japan isestimated to be ¥48,582.2 billion ($421.8 billion) in 2021. (Excerpt from the Annual Survey of Corporate Statistics) https://www.mof.go.jp/pri/reference/ssc/results/r3.pdf

 

Thenumber of new housing-starts in 2021 in the real estate development industry in Japan is 856,484 units, an increase of 5.0% from theprevious year. (Report on Statistical Survey of Construction Starts, Office of Construction Economics Statistics and Research, PolicyBureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) https://www.e-stat.go.jp/stat-search/file-download?statInfId=000032166767&fileKind=2

 

Customers

 

Thecustomers to whom we sell real estate are primarily developers of condominiums (for rent or for sale) and corporations.

 

Competition

 

Thereare many competitors in the real estate industry, ranging from major companies to new entrants. 368.55 thousand companies were in thereal estate industry in Japan in 2021, and the industry is crowded with competitors. (Japan: number of real estate companies 2021, Statista)https://www.statista.com/statistics/673072/japan-number-real-estate-corporations/

 

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OurCompetitive Advantages

 

Webelieve that our biggest competitive advantage is our ability to build people-to-people connections. Because products we handle are high-priced,we need to be trusted by landowners so that they can allow us to acquire their property. Also, since a majority of landownersin Japan are elderly people who may be less comfortable with technology, face-to-face communication is essential. Lastly, eachproject needs a tailored approach in order to increase the value of the property because real estate is a unique item with a large salesprice and no two properties are alike. For those reasons, we believe that the key to our success relies on how many people-to-peopleconnections we can build.

 

Thereare three ways we build people-to-people connections. First, we are committed to an analog approach, including the search for suitabledevelopment sites and negotiations with landowners. To search for potential redevelopment sites, we walk through town to town and assessthe feasibility by observing directly without relying on technology. Also, to negotiate with landowners, we directly talk with them,face-to-face, so that we can propose the redevelopment plan that we believe is best suited to each landowner and will increasethe value of their property. We believe that the more we value “people-to-people connections,” the more we need to respondin an analog manner.

 

Secondis the alliance we have with certain major real estate developers. Not only we are able to introduce our project to them in a speedymanner, but we can also negotiate with landowners and purchase real estate based on the social credibility gained from the partnerships/alliances.

 

Lastly,we provide a large incentive to motivate employees and optimize the company. We pay 7% to 12% of the gross profit from each project toour purchasing/sales staff as an incentive. We believe that by providing an incentive based on the profit from each project, our staffwill take responsibility for each project they participate in. This will increase their sense of professionalism and would lead to improvingtheir communication skills to build people-to-people connections.

 

OurGrowth Strategy

 

Themeof our growth strategy is “fusion of analog and technology.”

 

First,for the analog segment, we intend to increase the number of approaches to landowners. In particular, we will increase the number of employeesin our existing offices in Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya. In addition, we are also considering covering future regional cities that we havenot yet covered. We believe that an increase in the number of approaches will lead to an increase in the number of purchase contractsand then, sales contracts. As a result, our profit would be increased. If we increase our profit, we can spend more funds to furtherincrease approaches. Thus, by increasing the number of approaches, we believe we can turn the cycle of development to leverage our businessgrowth.

 

Inaddition to the analog strategy, we are planning to launch crowdfunding merchandise. Until now, we have only had two options for purchasingproperties: using our own funds or borrowing from a financial institution. As a result, our own funds and the amount we can borrow fromfinancial institutions have been limiting factors in our growth. Therefore, we believe that real estate crowdfunding will enable us tofurther grow by raising risk money from general investors for each project and reducing or eliminating the effects of the above limitingfactors. We consider the technology segment of our strategy as a multiplier of our analog segment. We will focus mainly on increasingthe number of employees and exploring new regions. However, due to the hindrance of limited funds source, we will utilize technologyso that we can leverage the efforts we put in analog strategy.

 

IntellectualProperty

 

Thenames and marks of Metros and Metros Development mentioned in this prospectus are not registered as trademarks. We intend to registerthe names and marks of Metros and the potential real estate crowdfunding services as trademarks in Japan. The trade names referred toin this prospectus may be presented without the ®, ™ or SM symbols for convenience, but such references in no way imply thatwe do not fully assert our rights in such trade names or those of the applicable licensors under applicable law. Our use or display ofthe trade names of others should not be construed as implying our affiliation with, or their endorsement or sponsorship of, such others.

 

5
 

 

COVID-19,Impact of the Pandemic

 

Sincethe Company employs a style of purchasing sales in which purchasing salespeople visit landowners one by one to negotiate with them, andmany landowners in Japan are elderly, the Company’s purchasing sales may be restricted by the effects of the COVID-19pandemic. In such a case, our business performance could be significantly affected.

 

RecentDevelopments

 

Fora detailed description of recent developments of the Company, see “Description of Business—Recent Developments”on page 57 of this prospectus.

 

Implicationsof Being an Emerging Growth Company and a Foreign Private Issuer

 

Weare an “emerging growth company”, as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (which we refer toas the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (which we refer to as the “JOBSAct”). As such, we are eligible to take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicablegenerally to reporting companies that make filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (which we refer to as the “SEC”).For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to, among other things:

 

  present more than two years of audited financial statements and two years of related selected financial data and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations disclosure in our registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part;
     
  have an auditor report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (which we refer to as the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”);
     
  disclose certain executive compensation related items; and
     
  seek shareholder non-binding advisory votes on certain executive compensation matters and golden parachute arrangements, to the extent applicable to our Company as a foreign private issuer.

 

TheJOBS Act also permits emerging growth companies to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accountingstandards applicable to public companies. We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accountingstandards under Section 102(b)(2) of the JOBS Act. This election allows us to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standardsthat have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies. As a result, ourfinancial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.

 

Wewill remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (i) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of thecompletion of this offering, (ii) the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235billion, (iii) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,as amended (which we refer to as the “Exchange Act”), which means the market value of our common shares that are held bynon-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and (iv) thedate on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three- year period.

 

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Inaddition, we report in accordance with SEC rules and regulations applicable to a “foreign private issuer.” As a foreign privateissuer, we will take advantage of certain provisions under the rules that allow us to follow the laws of Japan for certain corporategovernance matters. Even when we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, as long as we continue to qualify as a foreign privateissuer under the Exchange Act, we will be exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic publiccompanies, including:

 

  the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations with respect to a security registered under the Exchange Act;
     
  the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing unaudited financial and other specified information, and current reports on Form 8-K upon the occurrence of specified significant events; and
     
  Regulation Fair Disclosure (which we refer to as “Regulation FD”), which regulates selective disclosures of material information by issuers.

 

Asa foreign private issuer, we have four months after the end of each fiscal year to file our annual report on Form 20-F with the SEC.In addition, our executive officers, directors, and principal shareholders are exempt from the requirements to report transactions inour equity securities and from the short-swing profit liability provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

 

Foreignprivate issuers, like emerging growth companies, are exempt from certain more stringent executive compensation disclosure rules. As such,even when we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, as long as we continue to qualify as a foreign private issuer under theExchange Act, we will continue to be exempt from the more stringent compensation disclosures required of public companies that are nota foreign private issuer.

 

Wemay take advantage of these exemptions until such time as we are no longer a foreign private issuer. We are required to determine ourstatus as a foreign private issuer on an annual basis at the end of our second fiscal quarter. We would cease to be a foreign privateissuer at such time as more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are held by U.S. residents and any of the following three circumstancesapplies:

 

  (i) the majority of our executive officers or directors are U.S. citizens or residents;
     
  (ii) more than 50% of our assets are located in the United States; or
     
  (iii) our business is administered principally in the United States.

 

Inthis prospectus, we have taken advantage of certain of the reduced reporting requirements as a result of being an emerging growth companyand a foreign private issuer. Accordingly, the information that we provide in this prospectus may be different than the information youmay receive from other public companies in which you hold equity interests. If some investors find our securities less attractive asa result, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the prices of our securities may be more volatile.

 

Implicationsof Being a Controlled Company

 

The“controlled company” exception to Nasdaq’s rules provides that a company of which more than 50% of the voting poweris held by an individual, group or another company, a “controlled company,” need not comply with certain requirements ofNasdaq’s corporate governance rules. As of the date of this prospectus, Yoshihiro Koshiba, the Chief Executive Officer and a directorof the Company, beneficially owned an aggregate of 35,000,000 common shares, which represents approximately 71.43% of the voting powerof our outstanding common shares. Following this offering, Mr. Koshiba will control approximately ______% of the voting powerof our outstanding common shares if all the common shares are sold. Accordingly, if we obtain listing on Nasdaq, we will be a “controlledcompany” within the meaning of Nasdaq’s corporate governance rules. Controlled companies are exempt from Nasdaq’s corporategovernance rules requiring that listed companies have (i) a majority of the board of directors consist of “independent” directorsunder the listing standards of Nasdaq, (ii) a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors anda written nominating/corporate governance committee charter meeting the requirements of Nasdaq, and (iii) a compensation committee composedentirely of independent directors and a written compensation committee charter meeting the requirements of Nasdaq. We currently utilizeand presently intend to continue to utilize these exemptions. As a result, we may not have a majority of independent directors, our nominationand corporate governance committee and compensation committee may not consist entirely of independent directors and such committees maynot be subject to annual performance evaluations. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companiesthat are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq. See also “Management – Foreign Private IssuerStatus and Controlled Company Exemption.”

 

CorporateInformation

 

MetrosDevelopment Co., Ltd. was founded in Japan on March 29, 2013. Metros has two wholly owned subsidiaries, Royal House Co., Ltd., a Japanesecorporation which was established on October 1, 2015 and Metros Resort LLC, a Japanese limited liability company, which was establishedon February 14, 2020 as an SPC named Metros 1 LLC, which on December 28 2022 was renamed to Metros Resort LLC. Our agent for serviceof process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc. located at 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168. Our principalplace of business is located on the Ginza Sanno Building 7F, 4-10-10, Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 1040061, Japan, and our telephone numberis +81 3-6457-9420. Our website is https://metros61.com/. Information on our website or accessible via our website is not reflected inthis prospectus and is not part of this prospectus. Any information on our website should not be considered part of this prospectus.The address of our website is included in this prospectus for informational purposes only.

 

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THEOFFERING

 

Issuer:   Metros Development Co., Ltd.
     
Securities offered by us:   ______ common shares (or up to ______ shares if the underwriter exercises their over-allotment option in full) based on an assumed initial public offering price per share of $____, the low-end of the anticipated price range.
     
Public offering price:   For purposes of this prospectus, the assumed initial public offering price per common share is $____ (which is the low-end of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). The actual offering price per common share will be determined between the underwriters and us based on market conditions at the time of pricing. Therefore, the assumed public offering price used throughout this prospectus may not be indicative of the final offering price.
     
Over-allotment option:   We have granted to the underwriters an option to purchase up to an additional ______ common shares exercisable solely to cover over-allotments, if any, at the applicable public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions shown on the cover page of this prospectus. The underwriters may exercise this option in full or in part at any time and from time to time until 45 days after the date of this prospectus.
     
Common shares outstanding before this offering:   49,000,000 common shares(1)
     
Common shares expected to be outstanding immediately after this offering:   ___________ common shares (or _________ common shares if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional common shares).
     
Representative’s Warrant:   The registration statement of which this prospectus is a part also registers for sale warrants to purchase ________ common shares (approximately 7% of the common shares sold in this offering) to be issued to the representative and/or its affiliates, (assuming the exercise of the over-allotment option by the underwriters in full) and the common shares issuable upon exercise of such warrants, as a portion of the underwriting compensation payable in connection with this offering. The Representative’s Warrant will be exercisable at any time, and from time to time, in whole or in part, commencing from the closing of the offering and expiring five (5) years from the effectiveness of the registration statement, at an exercise price of $____ (100% of the public offering price of the common shares). Please see “Underwriting—Representative’s Warrant” for a description of these warrants.

 

8
 

 

Use of proceeds:   We expect to receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately $__________ (or approximately $__________ if the representative exercises in full its over-allotment option) after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions (7.0% of the gross proceeds of the offering) and after our offering expenses, estimated at $________. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to fund working capital and general corporate purposes, which may include developing a real estate crowdfunding platform, marketing the new real estate crowdfunding platform, as well as the development and marketing of new services. See “Use of Proceeds.”
     
Risk factors:   See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 13 of this prospectus for a discussion of some of the factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our common shares.
     
Listing:   We have applied to list our common shares on Nasdaq under the symbol “____”. The approval of our listing on Nasdaq is a condition of closing this offering.
     
Lock-Ups:   We, all of our directors and executive officers, and holders of our outstanding securities (or securities convertible into our common shares) have agreed not to offer for sale, issue, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of any of our common shares or securities convertible into common shares without the prior written consent of the representative for a period of twelve (12) months from the consummation of the offering, subject to certain limited exceptions. See “Underwriting—Lock-Up Agreements.”
     
Dividend policy:   Although we have paid annual dividends to shareholders in the past, following our public offering, the payment of future dividends on our common shares, if any, will approved by our common shareholders at the annual meeting of the shareholders, or our board of directors only once during a business year, and will depend on many factors on which the common shareholders may determine not to do so.

 

(1)Unless we indicate otherwise, all information in this prospectus:

 

  is based on 49,000,000 common shares issued and outstanding as of September 26, 2023;
     
  assumes no exercise by the representative of its option to purchase up to an additional _______ common shares to cover over-allotments, if any;
     
  excludes the number of common shares underlying 735,000 stock acquisition rights (with an exercise price of ¥1 ($0.01) per common share) equal to 1.5% of the issued and outstanding common shares on a fully diluted basis as of the day prior to the successful listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market or NYSE American, subject to adjustment as provided in the stock acquisition rights agreement;
     
  excludes the number of common shares underlying 8,280,000 stock acquisition rights (with an exercise price of ¥241($1.73) per common share) on September 26, 2023; and
     
  excludes ______ common shares underlying the warrants to be issued to the representative and/or its affiliates in connection with this offering.

 

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SELECTEDCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND OPERATING DATA

 

Thefollowing tables set forth our selected consolidated financial information and operating data as of and for the years ended November30, 2022 and 2021, and the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022. You should read the following selected consolidated financial informationand operating data in conjunction with, and it is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statementsand the related notes thereto, our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, and the sections entitled“Capitalization” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”,each of which are included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Ourselected consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income information and operating data for the years ended November 30,2022 and 2021, and our related selected consolidated balance sheets information as of November 30, 2022 and 2021, have been derived fromour audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, prepared in accordance with USGAAP, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Oursummary consolidated statement of income information and operating data for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, and our relatedsummary consolidated balance sheet information as of May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, have been derived from our unaudited consolidatedfinancial statements as of and for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, prepared in accordance with US GAAP, which areincluded elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Ourhistorical results for the periods presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future periods.

 

Consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive income information:

 

   Year Ended November 30,   Six Months Ended May 31, 
(In dollars)  2022 ($)    2021 ($)    2023 ($)    2022 ($)  
           (unaudited)   (unaudited) 
Revenues   472,858,985    309,378,119    291,655,644    275,442,117 
Cost of revenues   (349,511,552)   (240,387,432)   (210,535,210)   (205,695,562)
Gross profit   123,347,433    68,990,687    81,120,434    69,746,555 
                     
Operating expenses                    
Selling, general and administrative expenses (including selling, general and administrative expenses resulting from transactions with a related party of $25,235,001 and $16,680,567 for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $15,869,285 and $14,995,387 for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)   (61,707,664)   (41,479,195)   (38,101,920)   (32,688,885)
Total operating expenses   (61,707,664)   (41,479,195)   (38,101,920)   (32,688,885)
                     
Income from operations   61,639,769    27,511,492    43,018,514    37,057,670 
                     
Other income (expenses)                    
Other income (including other income resulting from transactions with related parties of $84,728 and $101,687 for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $18,077 and $1,141 for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)   497,186    596,801    172,470    280,702 
Other expenses   (6,915)   (10,992)   (283)   (20,575)
Interest expenses   (2,232,328)   (1,374,628)   (1,377,735)   (1,067,411)
Gain (loss) from equity method investments   (415,159)   (2,931,849)   1,402,826    (266,911)
Total other income (expenses)   (2,157,216)   (3,720,668)   197,278    (1,074,195)
Income before income taxes   59,482,553    23,790,824    43,215,792    35,983,475 
Income tax expense   (23,117,486)   (9,015,559)   (15,786,178)   (13,772,385)
Net income   36,365,067    14,775,265    27,429,614    22,211,090 

 

Consolidatedbalance sheets information:

 

   As of November 30,   As of May 31, 
(In dollars)  2022 ($)    2021 ($)    2023 ($)  
           (unaudited) 
Total assets   243,345,398    174,728,651    259,154,182 
Total liabilities   152,643,478    103,014,141    144,598,523 
Total shareholders’ equity   90,701,920    71,714,510    114,555,659 

 

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SUMMARYOF RISK FACTORS

 

Belowis a summary of material risks, uncertainties and other factors that could have a material effect on the Company and its operations:

 

  Our ability to raise capital in the future may be limited, and our failure to raise capital when needed could prevent us from growing.
     
  Public health epidemics or outbreaks (such as the novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19)) could adversely impact our business.
     
  It may not be possible for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon most our directors, corporate auditors and executive officers, or to enforce against us or those persons judgments obtained in U.S. courts predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States.
     
  We may be incorrect in our determination of whether a certain property may be redeveloped, which could cause us to be unable to resell such property, without incurring a loss.
     
  We may not be able to attract and retain a sufficient number of purchase/sales personnel needed to maintain and grow our business.
     
  The illiquidity of real estate properties could significantly impede our ability to resell properties that we purchase.
     
  We may not make a profit if we sell a property.
     
  A property that we purchase may turn out to be subject to litigation or liens that we failed to identify prior to our purchase or become subject to litigation or liens after our purchase, which would cause us to suffer a loss.
     
  A property that we purchase may turn out to have structural or other issues that we failed to identify prior to our purchase or may become subject to damage due to factors outside of our control, which would cause us to suffer a loss.
     
  If land is not available at competitive prices, our sales and results of operations could be adversely affected.
     
  If the value of our land inventory decreases, our results of operations could be adversely affected by impairments and write-downs.
     
  A material amount of our revenues may be concentrated in one or more large purchasers. If we lose or experience a significant reduction in sales to such key purchasers, our revenues may decrease substantially and our results of operations and financial condition may be harmed.
     
  Lots that we purchase may become subject to damage due to factors outside of our control, which would cause us to suffer a loss.

 

11
 

 

  We rely on our ability and the ability of our purchasing developers to obtain needed financing from financial institutions.
     
  If properties are not available at competitive prices, our sales and results of operations could be adversely affected.
     
  A downturn in the real estate market or changes in industry trends would negatively impact our business.
     
  Competition for properties may result in fewer opportunities for us to either purchase properties or increase prices for properties, which may impede our growth and materially and adversely affect us.
     
  The consideration paid for properties that we purchase may exceed fair market value, which may harm our financial condition and operating results.
     
  Inflation may adversely affect us by increasing costs beyond what we can recover through price increases.
     
  We may incur significant costs in seeking purchasers for the properties that we purchase.
     
  We will compete with numerous other persons and entities for properties that we seek to purchase.
     
  We face risks associated with property purchases.
     
  The prospective crowdfunding platform may not operate as we anticipate.
     
  If the security of our investors’ confidential information stored on the prospective crowdfunding platform is breached or otherwise subjected to unauthorized access, their secure information may be stolen.
     
  Any significant disruption in service on the prospective crowdfunding platform or in its computer or communications systems could reduce their attractiveness and result in a loss of users.
     
  Inappropriate business behavior of entrepreneurs raising funds via our prospective crowdfunding platform could result in reputational or financial damage to our business.
     
  Our prospective crowdfunding platform will operate on an online distribution model and will, therefore, be subject to internet cyber risk.
     
  Increasing competition within the emerging real estate crowd funding industry could have an impact on our business prospects.
     
  Even if the common shares are listed on Nasdaq, there can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with Nasdaq’s continued listing standards.
     
  The price of our common shares could be subject to rapid and substantial volatility.
     
  The price of the common shares may fluctuate substantially.
     
  As a controlled company, we are not subject to all of the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq.
     
  If the voting power of our capital stock continues to be highly concentrated, it may prevent you and other minority shareholders from influencing significant corporate decisions and may result in conflicts of interest.
     
  We may incur significant taxation from an investigation by the tax authority in Japan.
     
  We may face restrictions on foreign investment related to Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act in Japan.

 

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RISKFACTORS

 

Aninvestment in the common shares is highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk. We operate in a dynamic and rapidly changingindustry that involves numerous risks and uncertainties. You should carefully consider the factors described below, together with allof the other information contained in this prospectus, including the audited financial statements and the related notes included in thisprospectus, before deciding whether to invest in the common shares. These risk factors are not presented in the order of importance orprobability of occurrence. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operationscould be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the market price of the common shares could decline, and you could lose partor all of your investment. Some statements in this prospectus, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-lookingstatements. Please refer to the section entitled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

 

GeneralRisks Related to our Business

 

Ourability to raise capital in the future may be limited, and our failure to raise capital when needed could prevent us from growing.

 

Ourbusiness and operations may consume resources faster than we anticipate. In the future, we may need to raise additional funds to investin future growth opportunities. Additional financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If adequate funds are not availableon acceptable terms, we may be unable to invest in future growth opportunities, which could seriously harm our business and operatingresults. If we incur debt, the debt holders would have rights senior to common shareholders to make claims on our assets, and the termsof any debt could restrict our operations, including our ability to pay dividends on our common shares. Furthermore, if we issue equitysecurities, shareholders will experience dilution, and the new equity securities could have rights senior to those of our commonshares. Any additional equity or equity-linked financings would be dilutive to our shareholders. Because our decision to issuesecurities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimatethe amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. As a result, our shareholders bear the risk of our future securities offeringsreducing the market price of our common shares and diluting their interest.

 

Publichealth epidemics or outbreaks (such as the novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19)) could adversely impact our business.

 

TheCompany’s operations may be affected by the recent and ongoing outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which in March2020, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The ultimate disruption which may be caused by the outbreak is uncertain;however, it may result in a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, operations and cash flows. Possible areasthat may be affected include, but are not limited to, disruption to the Company’s ability to make investments through its subsidiaries,negative impact to revenue related to real estate holdings, negative impact on its workforce, unavailability of professional servicesand other resources, disruption to credit markets necessary for success of the Company’s business model, and the decline in valueof assets held by the Company’s subsidiaries.

 

13
 

 

Thesupply of real estate inventory may become further restricted by purchase/sale staff inability to meet with land or building owners tonegotiate the sale of their properties for redevelopment. Additionally, a moratorium on real estate transactions may be imposed in reactionto the pandemic. These housing market impacts may limit the Company’s ability to acquire or dispose of real estate assets.

 

Generalemployment in the region may continue to suffer as the pandemic continues. Some local governments have proposed rent or eviction moratoria,or similar programs of rent abatement, in response to the sudden upturn in unemployment. Any of these factors could cause a future declinein the market rate for residential rentals negatively impacting the Company’s income and cash flow from its real estate holdings.

 

Employeescould be medically or mentally affected by the pandemic and may be required to continue to work remotely, particularly given the potentialfor complete or partial lockdown. This situation could cause of reduction in productivity or the inability to complete critical tasksfor the Company.

 

Thereis a risk that we will be a passive foreign investment company (which we refer to as “PFIC”) for the current or any futuretaxable year, which could result in material adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences if you are a U.S. holder.

 

Anon-U.S. corporation, such as our Company, is classified as a PFIC for any taxable year in which, after applying relevant look-throughrules with respect to the income and assets of its subsidiaries, either:

 

(i)50% or more of the value of the corporation’s assets either produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income,based on the quarterly average of the fair market value of such assets; or

 

(ii)at least 75% of the corporation’s gross income is passive income. “Passive income” generally includes, for example,dividends, interest, certain rents and royalties, certain gains from the sale of stock and securities, and certain gains from commoditiestransactions. In determining the value and composition of our assets, the cash we raise in this offering will generally be consideredto be held for the production of passive income and thus will be considered a passive asset.

 

Thedetermination of whether a corporation is a PFIC for a taxable year depends, in part, on the application of complex U.S. federal incometax rules that are subject to differing interpretations. In addition, the determination of whether a corporation will be a PFIC for anytaxable year can only be made after the close of such taxable year. Our PFIC status will depend, in part, on the amount of cash thatwe raise in this offering and how quickly we utilize the cash in our business. Furthermore, because we may value our goodwill based onthe market price of the common shares in this offering, a decrease in the market price of the common shares may also cause us to be classifiedas a PFIC for the current or any future taxable year. Based upon the foregoing, it is uncertain whether we will be a PFIC for our currenttaxable year or any future taxable year. We believe we were not a PFIC in prior taxable year 2022 because less than 75% of our grossincome was passive income and less than 50% of the average value of our assets consisted of assets that would produce passive incomein 2022.

 

Ifwe are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. holder (as defined below) owns common shares, certain adverse U.S. federal incometax consequences could apply to such U.S. holder. See “Certain Tax Considerations — Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerationsfor U.S. Holders” for further information. We have not determined, if we were to be classified as a PFIC for a taxable year,whether we will provide information necessary for a U.S. holder to make a “qualified electing fund” election which, if available,would result in tax treatment different from (and generally less adverse than) the general tax treatment for PFICs. Accordingly, U.S.holders should assume that they will not be able to make a qualified electing fund election with respect to the common shares. The PFICrules are complex, and each U.S. holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the PFIC rules, the elections which may be availableto it, and how the PFIC rules may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to the ownership and disposition of our commonshares.

 

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Itmay not be possible for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon most our directors, corporate auditors andexecutive officers, or to enforce against us or those persons judgments obtained in U.S. courts predicated upon the civil liability provisionsof the federal securities laws of the United States.

 

Weare a joint stock corporation organized under Japanese law. Most of our directors, corporate auditors and executive officers reside inJapan, and significantly all of our assets and the assets of such persons are located outside of the United States. As a result, it maynot be possible for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons or us, or to enforce against themor us judgments obtained in U.S. courts, whether or not predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities lawsof the United States or of the securities laws of any state of the United States. There is doubt as to the enforceability in Japan, eitherin original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgments of U.S. courts, of civil liabilities predicated solely on the federalsecurities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any state of the United States. A Japanese court may refuse to apply provisionsof U.S. securities laws in original actions, or to enforce judgments of U.S. courts that are based on such provisions, if it considerssuch provisions to be contrary to the public policy of Japan. The United States and Japan do not currently have a treaty providing forreciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments, other than arbitration awards, in civil and commercial matters, and a Japanese courtmay deem that there is not sufficient basis for the reciprocity on the enforcement of judgments. Therefore, if you obtain a civil judgmentby a U.S. court, you may not be able to enforce it in Japan.

 

Rightsof shareholders under Japanese law may be different from rights of shareholders in other jurisdictions.

 

Ourarticles of incorporation and the Companies Act of Japan (which we refer to as the “Companies Act”) govern our corporateaffairs. Legal principles relating to matters such as the validity of corporate procedures, directors’ fiduciary duties and obligations,and shareholders’ rights under Japanese law may be different from, or less clearly defined than, those that would apply to a companyincorporated in any other jurisdiction. Shareholders’ rights under Japanese law may not be as extensive as shareholders’rights under the laws of other countries. For example, under the Companies Act, only holders of 3% or more of our total voting rightsor our outstanding shares are entitled to examine our accounting books and records. Furthermore, there is a degree of uncertainty asto what duties the directors of a Japanese joint stock corporation may have in response to an unsolicited takeover bid, and such uncertaintymay be more pronounced than that in other jurisdictions.

 

Substantiallyall of our revenues are generated in Japan, but an increase of our international presence could expose us to fluctuations in foreigncurrency exchange rates, or a change in monetary policy may harm our financial results.

 

Ourfunctional currency is Japanese yen and reporting currency is US dollar. Substantially all of our revenues are generated in Japan, butwe adopt US dollar as reporting currency. We are exposed to fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rate. We are subject to theeffects of exchange rate fluctuations with respect to any of these currencies which, among other factors, may be influenced by governmentalpolicies and domestic and international economic and political developments. Any significant change in the value of the currencies ofthe countries in which we do business against the Japanese yen could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operationsdue to translational and transactional differences in exchange rates.

 

Wecannot predict the effects of exchange rate fluctuations upon our future operating results because of the number of currencies involved,the amount of our revenues that will be generated in other countries, the variability of currency exposures, and the potential volatilityof currency exchange rates. We do not take any actions to manage our foreign currency exposure, such as entering into hedging transactions.

 

Asa “foreign private issuer” we are permitted, and intend, to follow certain home country corporate governance and other practicesinstead of otherwise applicable SEC and Nasdaq requirements, which may result in less protection than is accorded to investors underrules applicable to domestic U.S. issuers.

 

Ourstatus as a foreign private issuer exempts us from compliance with certain SEC laws and regulations and certain regulations of The NasdaqCapital Market (which we refer to as “Nasdaq”), including certain governance requirements such as independent director oversightof the nomination of directors and executive compensation. Further, consistent with corporate governance practices in Japan, we do nothave a standalone compensation committee or nomination and corporate governance committee under our board. In addition, we are not requiredunder the Exchange Act to file current reports and financial statements with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (which we referto as the “SEC”) as frequently or as promptly as U.S. domestic companies whose securities are registered under the ExchangeAct and we are generally exempt from filing quarterly reports with the SEC. Also, we are not required to provide the same executive compensationdisclosures regarding the annual compensation of our five most highly compensated senior executives on an individual basis as are requiredof U.S. domestic issuers. As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to disclose executive compensation on an aggregate basis andneed not supply a Compensation Discussion & Analysis, as is required for domestic companies. Furthermore, as a foreign private issuer,we are also not subject to the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) promulgated under the Exchange Act. These exemptions andaccommodations will reduce the frequency and scope of information and protections to which you are entitled as an investor. For a detaileddescription of our home country corporate governance practices see “Management - Corporate Governance Practices” onpage 62 of this prospectus.

 

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Asan “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements.

 

Wequalify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As a result, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptionsfrom certain disclosure requirements. For so long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:

 

have an auditor report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
   
comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the consolidated financial statements (i.e., an auditor discussion and analysis);
   
submit certain executive compensation matters to shareholder advisory votes, such as “say-on-pay” and “say-on-frequency”; and
   
 ● disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.

 

Inaddition, Section 102 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition periodprovided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerginggrowth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Our consolidated financial statements may thereforenot be comparable to those of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

 

Wewill remain an “emerging growth company” for up to five years, or until the earliest of (i) the last day of the first fiscalyear in which our total annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 billion, (ii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer”as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our membership interests that is held by non-affiliatesexceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter or (iii) the date on which we haveissued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three year period.

 

Untilsuch time, however, we cannot predict if investors will find our securities less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions.If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and theprice of our securities may be more volatile.

 

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Ifwe are unable to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, investors may lose confidencein the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and have an adverse effect on the value of our securities.

 

Asa public company, we would be required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses insuch internal control. Further, we will be required to report any changes in internal controls on an annual basis. In addition, we wouldbe required to furnish a report by management on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We will design, implement, and test the internal controls over financial reporting required to comply withthese obligations. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply withthe requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or ifour independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of its internal control overfinancial reporting when required, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the valueof our securities could be negatively affected. We also could become subject to investigations by the Commission or other regulatoryauthorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

 

Asan emerging growth company, our auditor will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls.

 

Ourindependent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financialreporting while we are an emerging growth company. This means that the effectiveness of our financial operations may differ from ourpeer companies in that they may be required to obtain independent registered public accounting firm attestations as to the effectivenessof their internal controls over financial reporting and we are not. While our management will be required to attest to internal controlover financial reporting and we will be required to detail changes to our internal controls in our annual reports on Form 20-F (commencingwith the filing for the year ended 2024), we cannot provide assurance that the independent registered public accounting firm’sreview process in assessing the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, if obtained, would not find one or morematerial weaknesses or significant deficiencies. Further, once we cease to be an emerging growth company (as described below), we willbe subject to independent registered public accounting firm attestation regarding the effectiveness of our internal controls over financialreporting. Even if management finds such controls to be effective, our independent registered public accounting firm may decline to attestto the effectiveness of such internal controls and issue a qualified report.

 

Uponbecoming a public company, we will incur significantly increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our managementwill be required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives.

 

Uponbecoming a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company.In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has imposed various requirements on public companies including requiring establishment and maintenanceof effective disclosure and financial controls. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time tothese compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations have increased and will continue to increase our legal and financialcompliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, we expect that these rules and regulationsmay make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, which couldmake it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors. We cannot predict or estimate the amountof additional costs we will incur as a public company or the timing of such costs.

 

TheSarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosurecontrols and procedures. In particular, we must perform system and process evaluation and testing of our internal control over financialreporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In addition, we will be required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to theeffectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting the later of our second annual report on Form 20-F or the first annualreport on Form 20-F following the date on which we are no longer an emerging growth company. Our compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-OxleyAct will require that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant management efforts. We currently do not have aninternal audit group, and we will need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience andtechnical accounting knowledge. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we or ourindependent registered public accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemedto be material weaknesses, the value of our securities could decline and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the SECor other regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources.

 

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Ourability to successfully implement our business plan and comply with Section 404 requires us to be able to prepare timely and accuratefinancial statements. We expect that we will need to continue to improve our existing, and implement new, operational and financial systems,procedures and controls to manage our business effectively. Any delay in the implementation of, or disruption in the transition to, newor enhanced systems, procedures or controls, may cause our operations to suffer and we may be unable to conclude that our internal controlover financial reporting is effective and to obtain an unqualified report on internal controls from our auditors as required under Section404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. This, in turn, could have an adverse impact on the value of our securities, and could adversely affectour ability to access the capital markets.

 

Wedepend on certain officers of the Company, the loss of whom could materially harm our business.

 

Werely upon the accumulated knowledge, skills and experience of the officers and personnel of our Company and its affiliates. If YoshihiroKoshiba, our Chief Executive Officer, or any of the other officers or personnel were to leave the Company or become incapacitated, wemight suffer in our planning and execution of business strategy and operations, impacting our brand and financial results.

 

RisksRelated to Our Real Estate Business

 

Wemay be incorrect in our determination of whether a certain property may be redeveloped, which could cause us to be unable to resell suchproperty without incurring a loss.

 

Weare a real estate consulting company that identifies what we believe to be underdeveloped real estate properties which may be redevelopedand purchase and then re-sell such properties to real estate developers for redevelopment. When identifying a property that we believemay be redeveloped we look for certain factors, for example, if a real estate property is located in an upscale residential area, butthe property, whether it be a building or land, is being used for low-value single-family homes, low-rise buildings or is at the momentjust a plot of land, we do not believe that this is the most effective use of the land. However, we may be incorrect in our determinationof whether a certain property may be redeveloped, and if we proceed with purchasing such property, we may be unable to resell it to adeveloper for redevelopment at a higher price than which we paid for it, which would cause us to incur a loss on such property.

 

Wemay not be able to attract and retain a sufficient number of purchase/sales personnel needed to maintain and grow our business.

 

Thebusiness we conduct is greatly dependent on the number of purchasing/sales personnel that we can attract and retain. In our core business,we plan to increase the number of purchase/sales personnel, mainly in Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya, in order to increase the number of approachesto landowners, which we believe will lead to an increase in the number of purchase contracts and settlements, thereby further expandingsales and increasing our revenues. In addition, it is imperative to train and secure personnel who have expertise in purchasing operationsand who are trusted by landowners, an accordingly we plan to train personnel who we believe can support the medium-to long-term growthof the Company and strengthen young and mid-career personnel. However, if we are unable to attract and retain a sufficient number ofpurchase/sales personnel needed to maintain and grow our business, it would have an adverse effect on our business operations as wellas our ability to grow our business.

 

Theilliquidity of real estate properties could significantly impede our ability to resell properties that we purchase.

 

Oncewe identify an underdeveloped property, we negotiate diligently with the landowner to purchase that property. As a result of these negotiations,we purchase and then sell the high-value land collectively to the developer for redevelopment. Real estate properties may be relativelyilliquid. As a result, we may not be able to sell a property or facilitate the sale of a property quickly or on favorable terms in responseto changing economic, financial and investment conditions when it otherwise may be prudent to do so. Deteriorating conditions in theJapanese economy and credit markets may make it difficult to sell properties or facilitate the sale of properties at attractive prices.We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell or facilitate the sale of any property for the price or on the terms set by us or whetherany price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us or an identified seller. We also cannot predictthe length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property. We may be required to expend funds to correctdefects before a property can be sold, and we cannot provide any assurances that we will have funds available to correct such defects.Our inability to dispose of properties or facilitate the sale of properties at opportune times or on favorable terms could adverselyaffect our cash flows and results of operations.

 

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Wemay not make a profit if we sell a property.

 

Theprices that we can obtain when we sell a property will depend on many factors that are presently unknown, including, among other things,the economy, demographic trends in the area, tax treatment of real estate investments, and available financing to purchasers. There isa risk that we will not realize any significant profit on any specific property when we sell it.

 

Aproperty that we purchase may turn out to be subject to litigation or liens that we failed to identify prior to our purchase or becomesubject to litigation or liens after our purchase, which would cause us to suffer a loss.

 

Aproperty that we purchase may turn out to be subject to litigation or liens that we failed to identify prior to our purchase or becomesubject to litigation or liens after our purchase. If this occurs, we would have to expend our own funds in order to remove such liensor contest or settle such litigation, and we may not have such funds available to us at that time. Additionally, we may not be able tosell that property at a price higher than what we paid for it, or at all, which would cause us to suffer a loss.

 

Aproperty that we purchase may turn out to have structural or other issues that we failed to identify prior to our purchase or may becomesubject to damage due to factors outside of our control, which would cause us to suffer a loss.

 

Aproperty that we purchase may turn out to have structural or other issues that we failed to identify prior to our purchase. If we donot identify such issues until after we have already purchased the property, we would have to expend our own funds in order to correctsuch structural issues, and we may not have sufficient funds available at that time. Additionally, we may not be able to resell thatproperty to a purchasing developer. Accordingly, we may not be able to sell that property at a price higher than what we paid for it,or at all, which would cause us to suffer a loss. Additionally, if a property that we purchase become subject to damage due to factorsoutside of our controls, such as fires, flooding, weather related damage such as wind damage, or damage due to vandalism, we may notbe able to sell such property at a price higher than which we paid for it, or at all, which would cause us to suffer a loss.

 

Amaterial amount of our revenues may be concentrated in one or more large purchasers. If we lose or experience a significant reductionin sales to such key purchasers, our revenues may decrease substantially and our results of operations and financial condition may beharmed.

 

Ahigh concentration of our revenue comes from the sale of real estate to certain large developers purchasing real estate from us. Accordingly,in each year there may be a small number of developers who purchase from us from whom we generate our revenue. These developers may notbe repeat purchasers and in each year it may be a different single purchaser or small number of purchasers from which we generate a largepercentage of our revenues. We rely on these purchasers and there is a risk that these purchasers may be unable to make payment undertheir obligations to us, thereby affecting our revenues.

 

In2021, we sold various real properties to Louis Corporation, a real estate developer, which accounted for 14.37% of our total revenuesin 2021. The contracts were separate sales contracts for each of the properties. The purchase price for each property was paid in a lumpsum at the time of delivery of each property.

 

In2022, we sold various real properties to Kashiwabara Ground, a real estate developer, which accounted for 11.99% of our total revenuesin 2022. The contracts were separate sales contracts for each of the real properties. The purchase price for each property was paid ina lump sum at the time of delivery of each property.

 

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Anypayment issues encountered by these large purchasers would likely harm our financial condition and results of operations.

 

Weintend to have significant operations in certain geographic areas, which will subject us to an increased risk of loss of revenue or decreasesin the market value of properties we purchase or identify in these regions from factors which may affect any of these regions.

 

Weanticipate that our operations and real properties we purchase will be concentrated in Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya. Some or all of theseregions could be affected by:

 

  severe weather;
     
  natural disasters;
     
  climate change;
     
  shortages in the availability or increased costs in obtaining properties and finding purchasing developers;
     
  unemployment;
     
  changes to the population growth rates and therefore the demand for properties in these regions; and
     
  changes in the regulatory and fiscal environment.

 

Dueto our business and real properties that we purchased being concentrated in these areas, negative factors affecting one or a number ofthese geographic regions at the same time could result in decreased market value of properties we purchase or identify negatively affectingour results of operations. To the extent that regions in which our business is concentrated are impacted by an adverse event, we couldbe disproportionately affected compared to companies whose operations are less geographically concentrated.

 

Lotsthat we purchase may become subject to damage due to factors outside of our control, which would cause us to suffer a loss.

 

Aspart of our business, we purchase small adjacent individual lots in bulk and sell them to developers as large lots that can be developedby them on a large scale. If such lots that we purchase become subject to damage due to factors outside of our controls, such as fires,flooding, weather related damage such as wind damage, or damage due to vandalism, we may not be able to sell such lots at a price higherthan which we paid for them, or at all, which would cause us to suffer a loss.

 

Werely on our ability and the ability of our purchasing developers to obtain needed financing from financial institutions.

 

Whenpurchasing properties to date, we had only two options: using our own funds or borrowing funds from financial institutions. As a result,the amount of cash on hand and the amount available for borrowing from financial institutions have been limiting factors for the Company’sgrowth. Additionally, our purchasing developers also rely on either their own funds or borrowing funds from financial institutions inorder to make property purchases, and for funds to redevelop such properties. Accordingly, each of the Company and our purchasing developersrely on borrowing funds from financial institutions in order to make property purchases, and for our purchasing developers, for fundsto redevelop such properties. Accordingly, a portion of our business is dependent on us, as well as purchasing developers being ableto obtain loans from financial institutions. Therefore, in the event that a financial institution is unable to provide financing eitherto us or a purchasing developer as needed, our business performance would be adversely affected. Additionally, if either the Companyor our purchasing developers are unable to obtain needed financing in order to purchase property, it would have a negative effect onthe Company’s ability to maintain and grow our business.

 

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Ifproperties are not available at competitive prices, our sales and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

Ourlong-term profitability depends in large part on the price at which we are able to purchase or identify underdeveloped properties forwhich we facilitate the sale and purchase of the property between the owner and the developer. Increases in the price (or decreases inthe availability) of suitable properties could adversely affect our profitability. Moreover, changes in the general availability of desirableunderdeveloped properties, competition for available properties, limited availability of financing to acquire such properties, zoningregulations that limit housing density, environmental requirements and other market conditions may hurt our ability to identify and obtain,either for purchase or for the facilitation of a purchase, at prices that will allow us to be profitable. If the supply properties thatare appropriate for development become more limited because of these factors, or for any other reason, the cost of such properties couldadversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 

Adownturn in the real estate market or changes in industry trends would negatively impact our business.

 

Thereal estate industry is susceptible to economic trends, policy interest rate trends, land price trends,real estate sales price trends, real estate taxation, etc. Therefore, a downturn in the real estate market, a significant increase ininterest rates, or other changes in the situation could affect the Company’s performance. In addition, since our Company adoptsa style of purchase/sales in which we visit landowners one by one and negotiate with them, our purchase/sales may be restricted by theeffects of the continued coronavirus pandemic or other similar pandemics.

 

Competitionfor properties may result in fewer opportunities for us to either purchase properties or increase prices for properties, which may impedeour growth and materially and adversely affect us.

 

Ourgrowth depends in part on our ability to identify underdeveloped properties that may be redeveloped, and we may not be successful inidentifying such properties or purchasing such properties on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, we can provide no assurances regardingthe availability of, or our ability to source and close real estate deals. Failure to identify or purchase properties on favorable terms,or at all, would impede our growth and materially and adversely affect us.

 

Theconsideration paid for properties that we purchase may exceed fair market value, which may harm our financial condition and operatingresults.

 

Theconsideration that we pay for a property will be based upon numerous factors, and the target property may be purchased in a negotiatedtransaction rather than through a competitive bidding process. We cannot assure anyone that the purchase price that we pay for a propertyor its appraised value will be a fair price. As a result, a property we purchase may not be able to be sold at a profit, which may substantiallyharm our operating results and financial condition.

 

Inflationmay adversely affect us by increasing costs beyond what we can recover through price increases.

 

Inflationcan adversely affect us by increasing the costs of property such that we will not be able to afford to purchase properties. In addition,significant inflation is often accompanied by higher interest rates, which have a negative impact on demand for properties that we attemptto purchase and sell.

 

Wemay incur significant costs in seeking purchasers for the properties that we purchase.

 

Inorder to identify potential purchasers for our properties, we will have to use funds to conduct the necessary research, make connectionsin the industry and market our properties to potential purchasers. The cost of these activities may be significant and in turn may reducethe profit we are able to realize upon the sale of any of our properties.

 

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Wewill compete with numerous other persons and entities for properties that we seek to purchase.

 

Wewill be subject to significant competition when we are attempting to purchase properties. We will compete with many third parties engagedin similar business activities. Many of our competitors may have substantially greater financial and other resources than we have andmay have substantially more operating experience than us. They may also enjoy significant competitive advantages that result from, amongother things, a lower cost of capital. There is no assurance that we will be able to acquire or facilitate the purchase of propertieson favorable terms, if at all. These factors could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 

Weface risks associated with property purchases.

 

Weintend to purchase properties and our business activities and their success are subject to the following risks:

 

  we may be unable to complete any purchases of properties after making a non-refundable deposit and incurring certain other acquisition-related costs;
     
  we may be unable to obtain financing for acquisitions on commercially reasonable terms or at all;
     
  acquired properties may fail to sell as expected;
     
  the actual costs of selling any of our purchased properties may be greater than our estimates; and
     
  acquired properties may be located in new markets in which we may face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge or understanding of the local economy, lack of business relationships in the area and unfamiliarity with local governmental and permitting procedures.

 

Environmental contamination on properties that we own or have sold could adversely affect our results of operations.

 

InJapan, under the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Act of Japan (Act No. 53 of 2002, as amended), or theSoil Contamination Countermeasures Act, if a local governor finds that the level of soil pollution in a given area ofland due to hazardous or toxic substances exceeds the standards prescribed by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan and that areaof land is polluted to such an extent that it has caused or may cause harm to human health, the governor must designate the area ofland as a polluted area and the governor may order the current owner of such land to remove or remediate hazardous or toxicsubstances on or under the land in accordance with a plan for removal and remediation, in principle, whether or not the currentowner knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. The environmental surveys that wegenerally conduct in connection with our properties to discover hazardous or toxic substances in the soil, groundwater, andbuildings, may be inadequate to fully uncover the types of problems they are intended to identify, which are often difficult orimpossible to detect without special expertise and equipment. The presence of hazardous or toxic substances on our properties, orour failure to properly remediate any such contamination, may adversely affect our ability to sell our propertiesor borrow using the affected properties as collateral. If hazardous or toxic substances are discovered on any of our properties, theaffected properties could fall in value and we may be required to incur substantialunforeseen costs to remediate the underlying hazard and discharge the related environmental liabilities. Furthermore, if actual harmto human health results from the presence of hazardous or toxic substances on our properties, we may incur significant damages,regulatory sanctions, or damage to our brand and reputation. The realization of any of such risks related to environmentalcontamination could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

Wemay incur losses due to defects relating to our properties.

 

Wemay be liable for unforeseen losses, damages, or injuries suffered by third parties at properties that we own or sell as a result of defects in such properties. In Japan, pursuant to the Civil Code of Japan (Act No. 89 of 1896, as amended), or the CivilCode, the owner of a structure or property attached to land is strictly liable to a third party who suffers damages due to defects insuch structure or property. Our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be adversely affected as a result of ourincurring any such liability. We may also incur significant costs to remedy construction defects in properties that we own or sell under warranty.

 

RisksRelated to the Prospective Crowdfunding Platform

 

Theprospective crowdfunding platform may not operate as we anticipate.

 

Whenwe purchase properties, we only have two options: using our own funds or borrowing from financial institutions. As a result, the amountof cash on hand and the amount available for borrowing from financial institutions have been limiting factors for the Company’sgrowth. In order to reduce or eliminate the impact of the above limiting factors and achieve further growth, we anticipate using a portionof the net proceeds of this offering to fund the development of a real estate crowdfunding platform in order to raise funds to purchaseproperties, thereby creating an additional source of funds. We believe that diversifying our funding sources through real estate crowdfundingwill contribute to further growth as we can leverage the funds to maximum sales.

 

Inaddition, we anticipate potential sponsors of real estate opportunities will come directly to the prospective crowdfunding platform toseek financing for their projects. We anticipate that sponsors of real estate opportunities will continue to seek financing for theirprojects through the prospective crowdfunding platform. If the asset management platforms experience technical challenges resulting insponsors not continuing to seek financing through the prospective crowdfunding platform, we may need to implement more manpower-intensivestrategies to source investments, which could lead to an increase in expenses and a corresponding decrease in the value of our commonshares.

 

Ifthe security of our investors’ confidential information stored on the prospective crowdfunding platform is breached or otherwisesubjected to unauthorized access, their secure information may be stolen.

 

Theprospective crowdfunding platform may store investors’ bank information and other personally-identifiable sensitive data. The prospectivecrowdfunding platform will be hosted in data centers that are compliant with payment card industry security standards and the websitewill use daily security monitoring services. However, any accidental or willful security breach or other unauthorized access could causeinvestors’ secure information to be stolen and used for criminal purposes, and investors would be subject to increased risk offraud or identity theft. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and generallyare not recognized until they are launched against a target, the prospective crowdfunding platform and its third party hosting facilitiesmay be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. In addition, many prefectures have enactedlaws requiring companies to notify individuals of data security breaches involving their personal data. These mandatory disclosures regardinga security breach are costly to implement and often lead to widespread negative publicity, which may cause our prospective investorsand real estate companies to lose confidence in the effectiveness of our data security measures. Any security breach, whether actualor perceived, would harm our reputation, could result in a loss of investors, and the value of your investment in us could be adverselyaffected.

 

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Anysignificant disruption in service on the prospective crowdfunding platform or in its computer or communications systems could reducetheir attractiveness and result in a loss of users.

 

Ifa catastrophic event resulted in the prospective crowdfunding platform outage and physical data loss, the prospective crowdfunding platform’sability to perform its obligations would be materially and adversely affected. The satisfactory performance, reliability, and availabilityof our prospective technology and our underlying hosting services infrastructure will be critical to our operations, level of customerservice, reputation and ability to attract new users and retain existing users. Our hosting services infrastructure will be providedby a third party hosting provider (the “Hosting Provider”). We also anticipate maintaining a backup system at a separatelocation that is owned and operated by a third party. There is no guarantee that access to the prospective crowdfunding platform willbe uninterrupted, error-free or secure. Our prospective crowdfunding platform operations will depend on the Hosting Provider’sability to protect its and our systems in its facilities against damage or interruption from natural disasters, power or telecommunicationsfailures, air quality, temperature, humidity and other environmental concerns, computer viruses or other attempts to harm our systems,criminal acts and similar events. If our arrangement with the Hosting Provider is terminated, or there is a lapse of service or damageto its facilities, the prospective crowdfunding platform could experience interruptions in their service as well as delays and additionalexpense in arranging new facilities. Any interruptions or delays in our service, whether as a result of an error by the Hosting Provideror other third party error, our own error, natural disasters or security breaches, whether accidental or willful, could harm our abilityto perform any services for corresponding project investments or maintain accurate accounts, and could harm our relationships with ourprospective users and our reputation. Additionally, in the event of damage or interruption, our insurance policies may not adequatelycompensate us for any losses that we may incur. Our disaster recovery plan has not been tested under actual disaster conditions, andit may not have sufficient capacity to recover all data and services in the event of an outage at a facility operated by the HostingProvider. Any of these factors could prevent us from processing or posting payments on the corresponding investments, damage us and ourbrand and reputation, divert our employees’ attention, and cause users to abandon the prospective crowdfunding platform.

 

Inappropriatebusiness behavior of entrepreneurs raising funds via our prospective crowdfunding platform could result in reputational or financialdamage to our business.

 

Byproviding a real estate crowdfunding platform in the future for matching investors and entrepreneurs, there is a possibility that inappropriatebusiness behavior exhibited by any of the entrepreneurs who are raising capital through our real estate crowdfunding platform could resultin reputational or financial damages to us. We anticipate enforcing a thorough due diligence process for all companies raising fundsvia our prospective platform and we anticipate requiring participating entrepreneurs to sign legally binding terms of use releasing usfrom any responsibility for entrepreneur impropriety or misdeed. Nevertheless, the prospective clients of the crowdfunding platform mightregard us as being responsible for any inappropriate behavior of the entrepreneur and this could result in reputation damage to us thatcould impact our future revenues.

 

Ourprospective crowdfunding platform will operate on an online distribution model and will, therefore, be subject to internet cyber risk.

 

Ourprospective online crowdfunding distribution model could be subject to cyber-attacks aiming to breach our security protocols. We anticipatetaking reasonable and commercial precautions to make our online crowdfunding system as secure as possible, including but not limitedto daily back-ups, banking grade hosting solutions, divisions between systems to ensure, for example, that our banking backend cannotbe reached via our online distribution network, and continuous monitoring of the systems as well as sequential system checks. However,we cannot fully exclude the possibility of cyber-attacks, third party breaches, software bugs or other forms of internet malfeasance.If any of these events occur, our reputation could be negatively impacted and our future revenues could suffer as a result.

 

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Increasingcompetition within the emerging real estate crowd funding industry could have an impact on our business prospects.

 

Thecrowdfunding market is an emerging industry where new competitors are entering the market frequently. These competing companies may havesignificantly greater financial and other resources than we will have and may have been developing their products and services longerthan we have been developing ours. Increasing competition may have a negative impact on our profit margins.

 

RisksRelated to Our Indebtedness

 

Ourlevel of indebtedness could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Thetotal debt outstanding as of May 31, 2023 was approximately $83,614,531 on a consolidated basis. Our indebtedness could have significanteffects on our business, such as:

 

  limiting our ability to borrow additional amounts to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our growth strategy and other purposes;
     
  requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to pay principal and interest on our debt, which would reduce availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, execution of our growth strategy and other general corporate purposes;
     
  making us more vulnerable to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions, in government regulation and in our business by limiting our ability to plan for and react to changing conditions;
     
  diluting the economic and voting rights of our existing shareholders or reduce the market price of the common shares or both upon redemption of the convertible bonds; and
     
  placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared with our competitors that have less debt.

 

Inaddition, we may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow from our operations to repay our indebtedness when it becomes due and tomeet our other cash needs. If we are not able to pay our debts as they become due, we will be required to pursue one or more alternativestrategies, such as selling assets, refinancing or restructuring our indebtedness or selling additional debt or equity securities. Wemay not be able to refinance our debt or sell additional debt or equity securities or our assets on favorable terms, if at all, and ifwe must sell our assets, it may negatively affect our ability to generate revenues.

 

Ouroutstanding debt agreements may limit our flexibility in operating and expanding our business.

 

Asof May 31, 2023, we had a total of 49 loans and one bond with 17 Japanese financial institutions and a related party for an aggregateprincipal amount of $83,614,531 on a consolidated basis. None of the loan agreements contain any material financial covenants, althoughcertain of the government-sponsored loans set a limit on the total loan amount we may borrow from other government-sponsored lenders.However, 28 of the loan agreements have our Chief Executive Officer as a personal guarantor of such debt obligations of our Company.If we release our Chief Executive Officer from such a guarantor burden, the lenders may request us to provide them with alternative collateraland/or seek additional negative covenants on the existing loan agreements. This could limit our discretion to invest, utilize, and/ordispose of our assets for business.

 

Furthermore,the potential restrictive covenants to be contained in our existing and future loan agreements may restrict our access to future debtfinancing, on which our business operations and expansion plans, in part, depend. If our revenues decrease materially or we experiencea significant increase in our interest expenses, we may not have enough available cash or be able to raise additional funds on satisfactoryterms, if at all, through equity or debt financings to make any required prepayment or repay such indebtedness at the time any such eventof default occurs. In such an event, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our business development or expansion efforts.Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected as a result.

 

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RisksRelated to Financing

 

Wemight obtain lines of credit and other borrowings, which increases our risk of loss due to potential foreclosure.

 

Wemay obtain lines of credit and long-term financing that may be secured by our assets. As with any liability, there is a risk that wemay be unable to repay our obligations from the cash flow of our assets. Therefore, when borrowing and securing such borrowings withour assets, we risk losing such assets in the event we are unable to repay such obligations or meet such demands.

 

Wehave broad authority to incur debt.

 

Ourpolicies do not limit us or our subsidiary entities from incurring debt. We intend to borrow as much as possible. High debt levels wouldcause us to incur higher interest charges and higher debt service payments and may also be accompanied by restrictive covenants.

 

RisksRelated to our Corporate Structure

 

Investorswill not receive the benefit of the regulations provided to real estate investment trusts or investment companies.

 

Weare not a real estate investment trust and enjoy a broader range of permissible activities. Under the Investment Company Act of 1940,an “investment company” is defined as an issuer which is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engageprimarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting, or trading in securities; is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of issuingface-amount certificates of the installment type, or has been engaged in such business and has any such certificate outstanding; or isengaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding, or trading in securities, and owns or proposesto acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40 percent of the value of such issuer’s total assets (exclusive of Governmentsecurities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis.

 

Weintend to operate in such manner as not to be classified as an “investment company” within the meaning of the InvestmentCompany Act of 1940 as we intend on only buying and selling real estate. The investment practices and policies of ours are not supervisedor regulated by any federal or state authority. As a result, investors will be exposed to certain risks that would not be present ifwe were subjected to a more restrictive regulatory situation.

 

Ifwe are deemed to be an investment company, we may be required to institute burdensome compliance requirements and our activities maybe restricted.

 

Ifwe are ever deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, we may be subject to certain restrictions including:

 

  restrictions on the nature of our investments; and
     
  restrictions on the issuance of securities.
     
    In addition, we may have imposed upon us certain burdensome requirements, including:
     
  registration as an investment company;
     
  adoption of a specific form of corporate structure; and
     
  reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy, compliance policies and procedures and disclosure requirements and other rules and regulations.

 

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Theexemption from the Investment Company Act of 1940 may restrict our operating flexibility. Failure to maintain this exemption may adverselyaffect our profitability.

 

Wedo not believe that at any time we will be deemed an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940 as wedo not intend on trading or selling securities. Rather, we intend to only buy and sell real estate. However, if at any time we may bedeemed an “investment company,” we believe we will be afforded an exemption under Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment CompanyAct of 1940, as amended (referred to in this Offering as the “1940 Act”). Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the 1940 Act excludes fromregulation as an “investment company” any entity that is primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring“mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate”. To qualify for this exemption, we must ensure our asset compositionmeets certain criteria. Generally, 55% of our assets must consist of qualifying mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estateand the remaining 45% must consist of other qualifying real estate-type interests. Maintaining this exemption may adversely impact ourability to acquire or hold investments, to engage in future business activities that we believe could be profitable, or could requireus to dispose of investments that we might prefer to retain. If we are required to register as an “investment company” underthe 1940 Act, then the additional expenses and operational requirements associated with such registration may materially and adverselyimpact our financial condition and results of operations in future periods.

 

RisksRelated to Insurance

 

Wemay suffer losses that are not covered by insurance.

 

Certainweather and environmental events, such as fire, lightning, bursts and explosions, wind, hail, snow, and water damage, can cause damageto real estate. Fire insurance policies can be acquired to prepare for such events. In addition, earthquake insurance can be purchasedalong with fire insurance. Even in the event of an unprecedented disaster such as the Great East Japan Earthquake, earthquake insuranceis a highly public insurance policy operated under the Earthquake Insurance Law, which by law as of 31 December 2022 guarantees insurancepayments of up to ¥12 trillion ($91 billion) per earthquake. However, not all perils are covered by insurance, as some are subjectto insurance exclusions. For example, earthquake insurance does not pay out if there is no damage to the building itself, but only togates, fences, or hedges, nor does it pay out for damage caused by war, civil war, or other similar events or riots. Damage caused byland subsidence, uplift, movement, or vibration. will also not be paid.

 

Inthe event of a significant loss, insurance coverage may be insufficient to pay the full market value or general reacquisition cost ofthe underlying property. Factors such as inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, and environmental considerations may makeit impossible to replace the underlying property with insurance proceeds if the underlying property is damaged or destroyed. Under thesecircumstances, the insurance proceeds received may be insufficient to restore the property.

 

RisksRelated to this Offering and Ownership of the Common Shares

 

Evenif the common shares are listed on Nasdaq, there can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with Nasdaq’s continued listingstandards.

 

Priorto this offering, there has been no public market for our common shares. As a condition to consummating this offering, our common sharesoffered in this prospectus must be listed on Nasdaq. Accordingly, in connection with the filing of the registration statement of whichthis prospectus forms a part, we have applied to list our common shares on Nasdaq under the symbol “MTRS.” Assuming thatour common shares are listed, after the consummation of this offering there can be no assurance any broker will be interested in tradingour common shares. Therefore, it may be difficult to sell your common shares if you desire or need to sell them. Our underwriters arenot obligated to make a market in our common shares, and even if it makes a market, it can discontinue market making at any time withoutnotice. Neither we nor the underwriters can provide any assurance that an active and liquid trading market in our common shares willdevelop or, if developed, that such market will continue.

 

Onceour common shares are approved for listing on Nasdaq, there is no guarantee that we will be able to maintain such listing for any periodof time by perpetually satisfying Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements. Our failure to continue to meet these requirements mayresult in our common shares being delisted from Nasdaq.

 

Theprice of our common shares could be subject to rapid and substantial volatility.

 

Therehave been instances of extreme stock price run-ups followed by rapid price declines and strong stock price volatility with recent initialpublic offerings, especially among those with relatively smaller public floats. As a relatively small-capitalization company with relativelysmall public float, we may experience greater stock price volatility, extreme price run-ups, lower trading volume and less liquiditythan large-capitalization companies. In particular, our common shares may be subject to rapid and substantial price volatility, low volumesof trades and large spreads in bid and ask prices. Such volatility, including any stock-run up, may be unrelated to our actual or expectedoperating performance and financial condition or prospects, making it difficult for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changingvalue of the common shares.

 

Inaddition, if the trading volumes of the common shares are low, persons buying or selling in relatively small quantities may easily influenceprices of the common shares. This low volume of trades could also cause the price of the common shares to fluctuate greatly, with largepercentage changes in price occurring in any trading day session. Holders of the common shares may also not be able to readily liquidatetheir investment or may be forced to sell at depressed prices due to low volume trading. Broad market fluctuations and general economicand political conditions may also adversely affect the market price of the common shares. As a result of this volatility, investors mayexperience losses on their investment in the common shares. A decline in the market price of the common shares also could adversely affectour ability to sell additional common shares or other securities and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future. No assurancecan be given that an active market in the common shares will develop or be sustained. If an active market does not develop, holders ofthe common shares may be unable to readily sell the common shares they hold or may not be able to sell their common shares at all.

 

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Evenif the common shares are approved for listing on Nasdaq, there is no guarantee that we will be able to maintain such listing for anyperiod of time by perpetually satisfying Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements. Our failure to continue to meet these requirementsmay result in the common shares being delisted from Nasdaq.

 

Theprice of the common shares may fluctuate substantially.

 

Theprice for the common shares in this offering will be determined by us and representatives of the underwriters, and it may not be indicativeof prices that will prevail in the open market following this offering. You may not be able to sell your common shares at or above theoffering price or at any other price or at the time that you would like to sell. You should consider an investment in the common sharesto be risky, and you should invest in the common shares only if you can withstand a total loss and wide fluctuations in the market valueof your investment. Some factors that may cause the market price of the common shares to fluctuate, in addition to the other risks mentionedin this section of the prospectus, are:

 

  any failure to meet or exceed revenue and financial projections we provide to the public;
     
  actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly financial condition and operating results or those of other companies in our industry;
     
  our failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;
     
  announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;
     
  additions or departures of our key management personnel;
     
  issuances by us of debt or equity securities;
     
  litigation involving our Company, including shareholder litigation; investigations or audits by regulators into the operations of our Company; or proceedings initiated by our competitors, franchisees, or customers;
     
  changes in the market valuations of similar companies;
     
  common shares price and volume fluctuations attributable to inconsistent trading volume levels of the common shares;

 

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  significant sales of the common shares by our insiders or our shareholders in the future;
     
  the trading volume of the common shares in the United States; and
     
  general economic and market conditions.

 

Theseand other market and industry factors may cause the market price and demand for the common shares to fluctuate substantially, regardlessof our actual operating performance, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their common shares and may otherwisenegatively affect the liquidity of the common shares. Future market fluctuations may also materially adversely affect the market priceof the common shares.

 

Inthe past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, shareholders have often instituted securitiesclass action litigation against that company. Any such class action suit or other securities litigation would divert the attention ofour senior management, require us to incur significant expense and, whether or not adversely determined, could materially adversely affectour business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

 

Ifsecurities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price ofthe common shares and trading volume could decline.

 

Thetrading market for the common shares depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about usor our business. If few or no securities or industry analysts cover us, the trading price for the common shares would be negatively impacted.If one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades the common shares, publishes incorrect or unfavorable research about our business,ceases coverage of our Company, or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for the common shares could decrease, which couldcause the price of the common shares or trading volume to decline.

 

Managementwill have broad discretion as to the use of the proceeds from this offering, and we may not use the proceeds effectively.

 

Ourmanagement will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could spend the proceeds in waysthat do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of the common shares. Our failure to apply these funds effectivelycould have a material adverse effect on our business, delay the development of our businesses and cause the price of the common sharesto decline.

 

Asa controlled company, we are not subject to all of the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq.

 

The“controlled company” exception to Nasdaq rules provides that a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is heldby an individual, group or another company, a “controlled company,” need not comply with certain requirements of Nasdaq corporategovernance rules. As of the date of this prospectus, Mr. Yoshihiro Koshiba, our Chief Executive Officer and a director, beneficiallyowned an aggregate of 35,000,000 common shares, which represents 71.43% of the voting power of our outstanding common shares. Followingthis offering, Mr. Koshiba will control approximately ____% of the voting power of our outstanding common shares if all the common sharesbeing offered are sold. If we obtain listing on Nasdaq, we will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporategovernance rules of Nasdaq. Controlled companies are exempt from Nasdaq’s corporate governance rules requiring that listed companieshave (i) a majority of the board of directors consist of “independent” directors under the listing standards of Nasdaq, (ii)a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors and a written nominating/corporate governancecommittee charter meeting the requirements of Nasdaq, and (iii) a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors anda written compensation committee charter meeting the requirements of Nasdaq. We currently utilize and presently intend to continue toutilize these exemptions. As a result, we may not have a majority of independent directors and we may not have a nomination and corporategovernance committee and compensation committees. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companiesthat are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq. See “Management—Foreign Private Issuer Statusand Controlled Company Exemption”.

 

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Ifthe voting power of our capital stock continues to be highly concentrated, it may prevent you and other minority shareholders from influencingsignificant corporate decisions and may result in conflicts of interest.

 

Followingthe completion of this Offering, management will control approximately ______% of the voting power of our outstanding common shares ifall the common shares being offered are sold. As a result, management will have majority voting power over all matters requiring shareholdervotes, including: the election of directors; mergers, consolidations and acquisitions; the sale of all or substantially all of our assetsand other decisions affecting our capital structure; amendments to our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws; and our winding upand dissolution.

 

Thisconcentration of voting power may delay, deter or prevent acts that would be favored by our other shareholders. The interests of managementmay not always coincide with our interests or the interests of our other shareholders. This concentration of voting power may also havethe effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control of us. Also, management may seek to cause us to take courses of actionthat, in their judgment, could enhance their investment in us, but which might involve risks to our other shareholders or adversely affectus or our other shareholders, including investors in this offering. As a result, the market price of our common shares could declineor shareholders might not receive a premium over then-current market price of our common shares upon a change in control. In addition,this concentration of voting power may adversely affect the trading price of our common shares because investors may perceive disadvantagesin owning shares in a company with significant shareholders. See “Executive Compensation” and “Descriptionof Share Capital.”

 

Ourcommon shares may be subject to the “penny stock” rules in the future. It may be more difficult to resell securities classifiedas “penny stock.”

 

Ourcommon shares may be subject to “penny stock” rules (generally defined as non-exchange traded stock with a per-share pricebelow $5.00) in the future. While our common shares will not be considered “penny stock” following this offering since theywill be listed on Nasdaq, if we are unable to maintain that listing and our common shares is no longer listed on Nasdaq, unless we maintaina per-share price above $5.00, our common shares will become “penny stock.” These rules impose additional sales practicerequirements on broker-dealers that recommend the purchase or sale of penny stocks to persons other than those who qualify as “establishedcustomers” or “accredited investors.” For example, broker-dealers must determine the appropriateness for non-qualifyingpersons of investments in penny stocks. Broker-dealers must also provide, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exemptfrom the rules, a standardized risk disclosure document that provides information about penny stocks and the risks in the penny stockmarket. The broker-dealer also must provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, disclose the compensationof the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction, furnish monthly account statements showing the market value of each pennystock held in the customer’s account, provide a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment forthe purchaser, and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction.

 

Legalremedies available to an investor in “penny stocks” may include the following:

 

●If a “penny stock” is sold to the investor in violation of the requirements listed above, or other federal or states securitieslaws, the investor may be able to cancel the purchase and receive a refund of the investment.

 

●If a “penny stock” is sold to the investor in a fraudulent manner, the investor may be able to sue the persons and firmsthat committed the fraud for damages.

 

Theserequirements may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity, if any, in the secondary market for a security that becomessubject to the penny stock rules. The additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by such requirements may discourage broker-dealersfrom effecting transactions in our securities, which could severely limit the market price and liquidity of our securities. These requirementsmay restrict the ability of broker-dealers to sell our common shares and may affect your ability to resell our common shares.

 

Manybrokerage firms will discourage or refrain from recommending investments in penny stocks. Most institutional investors will not investin penny stocks. In addition, many individual investors will not invest in penny stocks due, among other reasons, to the increased financialrisk generally associated with these investments.

 

Forthese reasons, penny stocks may have a limited market and, consequently, limited liquidity. We can give no assurance at what time, ifever, our common shares will not be classified as a “penny stock” in the future.

 

Ifyou purchase common shares in this offering, you will experience immediate dilution.

 

Ifyou purchase common shares in this offering, you will experience immediate dilution of $_______ per common share in the net tangiblebook value of your common shares after giving effect to this offering at an assumed public offering price of $_______ per common sharebecause the price that you pay will be substantially greater than the net tangible book value per common share that you acquire. Fora further description of the dilution that you will experience immediately after this offering, see the section of this prospectus titled“Dilution.”

 

Ifthe benefits of any proposed acquisition do not meet the expectations of investors, shareholders or financial analysts, the marketprice of our common shares may decline.

 

Ifthe benefits of any proposed acquisition do not meet the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the market price of our commonshares prior to the closing of the proposed acquisition may decline. The market values of our common shares at the time of the proposedacquisition may vary significantly from their prices on the date the acquisition target was identified.

 

Inaddition, broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our common shares irrespective of our operating performance.The stock market in general has experienced price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operatingperformance of the particular companies affected. The trading prices and valuations of these stocks, and of our securities, may not bepredictable. A loss of investor confidence in the market for retail stocks or the stocks of other companies which investors perceiveto be similar to us could depress our stock price regardless of our business, prospects, financial conditions or results of operations.A decline in the market price of our securities also could adversely affect our ability to issue additional securities and our abilityto obtain additional financing in the future.

 

Thepayment of future dividends on our common shares, if any, must be approved by our common shareholders at the annual meeting ofthe shareholders, or our board of directors only once during a business year, and will depend on many factors on which the common shareholdersmay determine not to do so.

 

Thepayment of future dividends on our common shares, if any, must be approved by our common shareholders at the annual meeting ofthe shareholders, or our board of directors only once during a business year, and will depend on, among other things, our results ofoperations, cash requirements and surplus, financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our common shareholdersmay deem relevant, including retaining future earnings, if any, for reinvestment in the development and expansion of our business. Therefore,you may not receive any dividends on your common shares for the foreseeable future, and the success of an investment in the common shareswill depend upon any future appreciation in its value. Moreover, any ability to pay may be restricted by the terms of any future creditagreement or any future debt or preferred equity securities of us or our subsidiaries. Consequently, investors may need to sell all orpart of their holdings of our common shares after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gainson their investment. There is no guarantee that the common shares will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which our shareholdershave purchased the common shares.

 

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Salesof a substantial number of our common shares in the public markets by our existing shareholders in the future could cause the price ofthe common shares to fall.

 

Salesof a substantial number of our common shares in the public market in the future or the perception that these sales might occur, coulddepress the market price of the common shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securitiesfrom time to time. We are unable to predict the effect that any such sales may have on the prevailing market price of the common shares.

 

Thefuture issuance of additional common shares in connection with our stock acquisition rights or other incentives, convertible bonds, acquisitionsor otherwise may adversely affect the market of the common shares.

 

Atthe time of this filing, we had 735,000 common shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock acquisition rights at a weighted averageexercise price of ¥1($0.01) per share. In addition, we had an aggregate of 8,280,000 common shares issuable upon exercise of outstandingstock acquisition rights at a weighted average exercise price of ¥241($1.73) per share. If and when these stock acquisition rightsare exercised for our common shares, the number of common shares outstanding will increase. Such an increase in our outstanding securities,and any sales of such shares, could have a material adverse effect on the market for the common shares, and the market price of the commonshares.

 

Wecurrently plan to continue granting stock acquisition rights and other incentives so that we can continue to secure talented personnelin the future. Any common shares issued in connection with the exercise of outstanding stock acquisition rights would dilute your ownershipinterest.

 

Theright of holders of common shares to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may cause dilution to their holdings.

 

Wemay, from time to time, distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we cannot make anysuch rights available to the holders of common shares in the United States unless we register such rights and the securities to whichsuch rights relate under the Securities Act or an exemption from the registration requirements is available. We are under no obligationto file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statementto be declared effective. Moreover, we may not be able to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act.

 

RisksRelated to Tax

 

Wemay incur significant taxation from an investigation by the tax authority in Japan.

 

Wehave never been investigated by the tax authority in Japan since we were established in March 2013. In Japan, every 2 to 5 years, thetax authority investigates Japanese companies to check the tax filing and determine whether their tax treatment is appropriate. If thetax authority investigates our tax treatment and determines our tax treatment is not appropriate, or if we and the tax authority havedifferent views on tax treatments, we may have to pay a burden taxation. This may materially and adversely impact our financial conditionand results of operations in future periods.

 

RisksRelated to Restrictions on Foreign Investment

 

Wemay face restrictions on foreign investment related to Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act in Japan.

 

Ifwe develop a new business or plan a merger or acquisition, we have to consider the impact from restrictions of foreign investmentunder the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act, as amended (the “FEFTA”), in Japan. We have applied to list our commonshares, not American Depository Receipt, on The Nasdaq Capital Market. In this case, an investment in our Company may bedeemed as an inward direct investment as set forth in the FEFTA. When it is applicable, certain acquisitions of sharesin Japan from foreign investors may be subject to prior notification or a post-investment report. Under the FEFTA, when foreign investorsacquire our common shares in a transaction that is considered as an inward direct investment or a specified acquisition, they are requiredto file a notification or report with the Japanese government via the Bank of Japan, subject to limited exemptions. Therefore, ifwe develop a new business or plan a merger or acquisition in the future, we have to consider the impact from restriction offoreign investment in Japan, and if there is any impact due to the application of this regulation, we may have to forego suchnew business or plans, which may materially and adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations in future periods.

 

30
 

 

USEOF PROCEEDS

 

We estimate thatwe will receive approximately $___ million in net proceeds from the assumed sale of ___ common shares offered by us inthis offering (or approximately $___ million if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase up to ___ additionalcommon shares from us), based on an assumed public offering price of $___ per common share (which is the low-end of the pricerange set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and offeringexpenses of approximately $___ million payable by us if the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option (approximately$___ million payable by if the underwriters exercise in full their over-allotment option).

 

Weintend to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and general corporate purposes, which may include developing areal estate crowdfunding platform, marketing the new real estate crowdfunding platform, as well as the development and marketing of newservices.

 

Wehave no agreements or commitments for particular uses of the net proceeds from this offering, and our management will have discretionin allocating the net proceeds. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend upon numerous factors, including the progressof our expansion and development efforts, whether or not we enter into strategic transactions, our general operating costs and expenditures,and the changing needs of our businesses.

 

Theestimated percentages of the net amount of proceeds that we intend to use for the following purposes are as follows:

 

  ____% for ____;
  ____% for ____;
  ____% for ____; and
  ____% for working capital and general corporate purposes.

 

Each$1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $____ per share (which is the low-end of the price range setforth on the cover page of this prospectus) would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $____million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and afterdeducting the underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of shares we are sellingin this offering. An increase (decrease) of 100,000 in the number of shares offered by us in this offering, as set forth on the coverpage of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $____ million, assumingthe assumed initial public offering price of $____ per shares (which is the low-end of the price range set forth on the cover page ofthis prospectus) remains the same, and after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us. Any increase or decreasein the estimated proceeds from the offering is not expected to have a material effect on our operations given the discretion we willhave in the application and use thereof.

 

Webelieve that our funds and the net proceeds from this offering will be sufficient to continue our businesses and operations as currentlyconducted through 2024; however, changing circumstances may cause us to consume capital significantly faster than we currently anticipate.

 

Tothe extent that the net proceeds we receive from this offering are not immediately used for the above purposes, we intend to invest ournet proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing bank deposits or debt instruments.

 

Theintended use of proceeds in this section takes into account the potential impacts of COVID-19.

 

31
 

 

DIVIDENDPOLICY

 

Althoughwe have paid annual dividends to shareholders since 2022 as reflected in the table below, the payment of future dividends on our commonshares, if any, will be approved by our common shareholders at the annual meeting of the shareholders, or our board of directors onlyonce during a business year, and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, cash requirements and surplus, financialcondition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our common shareholders or our directors may deem relevant, including retainingfuture earnings, if any, for reinvestment in the development and expansion of our business. The agreements into which we may enter inthe future, including indebtedness, may impose limitations on our ability to pay dividends or make other distributions on our capitalstock. Currently, there are no restrictions on payment of dividends under our existing debt agreements. However, Articles 446and 461 of Companies Act in Japan set forth the regulations for restricting dividend payments and companies are required to calculatedistributable amount of dividend accordingly. See “Description of Share Capital—Dividend Rights” for calculatingdistributable amount of dividends. The Companies Act in Japan specifically prohibits dividend payment exceeding the distributable amount.Currently, we believe that we have a sufficient distributable amount based on the calculation in accordance with the provisionof the Companies Act in order to pay future dividends on our common shares. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to this Offeringand Ownership of the Common Shares—The payment of future dividends on our common shares, if any, will be approved by our commonshareholders at the annual meeting of the shareholders, or our board of directors only once during a business year, and will depend onmany factors on which the common shareholders may determine not to do so.”

 

Wemay issue dividends upon a resolution of our common shareholders or our board of directors. Although we have paid dividends to shareholdersin the past, the payment of future dividends on our common shares, if any, will be approved by our common shareholders at the annualmeeting of the shareholders, or our board of directors only once during a business year, and will depend on, among other things, ourresults of operations, cash requirements and surplus, financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our commonshareholders may deem relevant, including retaining future earnings, if any, for reinvestment in the development and expansion of ourbusiness.

 

   Dividend Amount Paid   Dividend Per Share   % of Net Income of Prior Fiscal Year 
             
January 27, 2022  $1,756,238   $0.036    11.9%
January 30, 2023  $2,259,800   $0.046    6.2%

 

32
 

 

CAPITALIZATION

 

Thefollowing table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents, debt and capitalization as of May 31, 2023:

 

  on an actual basis; and
     
  on a pro forma basis to give effect to the above and the assumed issuance of _________ common shares in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $____ per share, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $__________ and estimated offering expenses of $_________ payable by us, as set forth in this prospectus.

 

Youshould read the following table in conjunction with the sections entitled “Use of Proceeds”, “Selected ConsolidatedFinancial Information and Operating Data”, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition andResults of Operations”, and our financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

   As of May 31, 2023 
(In dollars, except share amounts)  Actual   Pro Forma(1) 
   (Unaudited)     
Cash and cash equivalents  $33,999,558   $  
           
Bank and other borrowings   83,614,531      
           
Shareholders’ equity:          
Common shares, 196,000,000 shares authorized, 49,000,000 shares issued and outstanding, with no stated value, on an actual basis; and 196,000,000 shares authorized, ___________ shares issued and outstanding, with no stated value, on a pro forma basis   469,439      
Retained earnings   136,082,801      
Accumulated other comprehensive loss   (21,996,581)     
Total shareholders’ equity   114,555,659      
Total capitalization  $198,170,190   $         

 

(1) The pro forma information above is illustrative only and will be further adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. The number of common shares to be outstanding immediately after this offering is based on the assumed issuance of _______ common shares in this offering and does not include (i) up to ______ common shares issuable upon the exercise in full by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional common shares from us based upon an assumed offer and sale of _________ common shares at an assumed public offering price of $____ per share (which is the low-end of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), (ii) ______ common shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options at a weighted average exercise price of $____ per share, (iii) the number of common shares underlying 735,000 stock acquisition rights (with an exercise price of ¥1($0.01) per common share) equal to 1.5% of the issued and outstanding common shares on a fully diluted basis as of the day prior to the successful listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market or NYSE American, subject to adjustment as provided in the stock acquisition rights agreement, (iv) excludes the number of common shares underlying 8,280,000 stock acquisition rights (with an exercise price of ¥241($1.73) per common share); and (v) up to an aggregate of ______ common shares underlying the Representative’s Warrant to be issued to the underwriter in connection with this offering (assuming the exercise of the over-allotment option by the Underwriters in full).

 

33
 

 

DILUTION

 

Purchasersof common shares in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution to the extent of the difference between the initialpublic offering price per common share paid by the purchasers of the common shares in this offering and the pro forma, as adjusted nettangible book value per common share immediately after, and giving effect to, this offering. Dilution results from the fact that theinitial public offering price per common share in this offering is substantially in excess of the net tangible book value per commonshare attributable to the issued and outstanding common shares held by our existing shareholders.

 

Ourhistorical net tangible book value per common share is determined by dividing our net tangible book value, which is the book value ofour total assets less the book value of our goodwill, intangible assets, deferred initial public offering costs and total liabilities,by the number of outstanding common shares. As of May 31, 2023, the historical net tangible book value of our common shares was $114,553,062,or $2.34 per common share.

 

Aftergiving effect to the (i) assumed sale by us of ___________ common shares in this offering at an assumed initial public offering priceof $_____ per common share (which is the low-end of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), and (ii) receiptby us of the net proceeds of this offering, after deduction of the underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offeringexpenses payable by us, our pro forma net tangible book value as of May 31, 2023 would have been $______ thousand, or $_____ per commonshare. The pro forma net tangible book value per common share immediately after the offering is calculated by dividing the pro formanet tangible book value of $______ thousand by ________ common shares (which is the pro forma common shares outstanding as of May 31,2023). The difference between the initial public offering price per common share and the pro forma net tangible book value per commonshare represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $____ per common share to our existing shareholders, and an immediatedilution in net tangible book value of $______ per common share to purchasers of common shares in this offering.

 

Thefollowing table illustrates this dilution to purchasers in this offering on a per common share basis (in $):

 

Assumed initial public offering price per common share           $    
                 
Net tangible book value per common share before this offering (as of May 31, 2023)   $            
                 
Increase in net tangible book value per common share attributable to purchasers in this offering   $            
                 
Pro forma net tangible book value per common share immediately after this offering           $    
                 
Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per common share to purchasers in this offering           $    

 

Thefollowing table summarizes, as of May 31, 2023, on the pro forma basis described above, the differences between the number of commonshares purchased from us, the total consideration paid to us in cash, and the weighted average price per common share that our existingshareholders and the new purchasers in this offering paid. The total consideration below is based on an assumed initial public offeringprice of $_____ per common share (which is the low-end of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), before deductingthe estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

   Common Shares   Total Consideration  

Weighted

Average

 
In $  Number   Percentage  

Amount

(in thousands)

   Percentage  

Price

per Share

 
Existing shareholders   49,000,000     %  $469,439                %  $0.01 
New investors         %  $      %  $ 
Total        100%       $100%  $ 

 

34
 

 

Thetable and information above assume no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional common shares in this offering.If the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase up to ______ additional shares from us based upon an assumed offer andsale of ____ common shares at an offering price of $____ per shares, the pro forma net tangible book value per share immediately afterthis offering would be $_____ per share, and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to purchasers in this offeringwould be $___ per share, in each case assuming an assumed initial public offering price of $____ per share (which is the low-end of theprice range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), and after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimatedoffering expenses payable by us.

 

Basedupon an assumed offer and sale of ________ common shares at an offering price of $_____ per common share (which is the low-end of theprice range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase up to ________additional common shares from us, the number of common shares underlying the common shares held by purchasers in this offering wouldbe increased to ______ common shares, or ___% of the total number of common shares outstanding immediately after this offering, and thepercentage of common shares held by our existing shareholders would be reduced to ___% of the total number of common shares outstandingimmediately after this offering.

 

Each$1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $____ per common share (which is the midpoint of the pricerange set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately$_____ million, assuming the number of common shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same,and after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of common shareswe are selling in this offering. An increase (decrease) of 100,000 in the number of common shares offered by us in this offering, asset forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately$_____ million, assuming the assumed initial public offering price of $____ per common share (which is the midpoint of the price rangeset forth on the cover page of this prospectus) remains the same, and after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions payableby us. Any increase or decrease in the estimated proceeds from the offering is not expected to have a material effect on our operationsgiven the discretion we will have in the application and use thereof.

 

The foregoing tablesand calculations are based on the number of common shares that will be outstanding immediately following the offering, and exclude (i)up to ______ common shares issuable upon the exercise in full by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional commonshares from us based upon an assumed public offering price of $____ per share (which is the low-end of the price range set forth on thecover page of this prospectus), (ii) ______ common shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options at a weighted averageexercise price of $____ per share, (iii) the number of common shares underlying 735,000 stock acquisition rights (with an exercise priceof ¥1($0.01) per common share) equal to 1.5% of the issued and outstanding common shares on a fully diluted basis as of the day priorto the successful listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market or NYSE American, subject to adjustment as provided in the stock acquisition rightsagreement, (iv) excludes the number of common shares underlying 8,280,000 stock acquisition rights (with an exercise price of ¥241($1.73)per common share), and (iv) up to an aggregate of ________ common shares underlying the Representative’s Warrant to be issuedto the underwriter in connection with this offering (assuming the exercise of the over-allotment option by the Underwriters in full).

 

35
 

 

MANAGEMENT’SDISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

Thefollowing discussion and analysis summarize the significant factors affecting our operating results, financial condition, liquidity,and cash flows for the periods presented below. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidatedfinancial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The forward-looking statements contained herein are basedon management’s judgment, assumptions made by management and information currently available to it. Actual results could differmaterially from those discussed or implied in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those describedbelow and elsewhere in this prospectus, particularly in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary StatementRegarding Forward-Looking Statements.”.

 

BusinessOverview

 

Weare a real estate consulting company that identifies and purchases what we believe to be underdeveloped real estate properties (landand/or buildings) and re-sell such properties to real estate developers so that they can redevelop those properties. We do not develop,redevelop or participate in the building or construction of any real properties. We also do not engage in realtor-services nor do weprovide services such as title services.

 

Ourmission is to maximize the values of the land and building of real estate owners by first identifying their real estate holdings as underdevelopedand proposing the most effective use of the identified real estate. For example, if a real estate property is located in an upscale residentialarea, but the property, whether it be a building or land, is being used for low-value single-family homes, low-rise buildings or is atthe moment just a plot of land, we do not believe that this is the most effective use of the land and we bring that to the attentionof the property owner.

 

Oncewe identify an underdeveloped property, we negotiate diligently with the landowner to purchase that property. We often purchase separatesmall parcels of land and sell them to a developer as a single large lot. Selling the land as a single large lot often increases thevalue of the property and allows us to sell it at a higher price to developers that will develop the property for high-end condominiumsor commercial buildings.

 

Webelieve that we also contribute to the creation of safe and comfortable urban environments by purchasing old buildings that lack fireresistance and earthquake resistance and selling them as land for development. By encouraging construction of fire resistance and earthquakeresistance buildings, we aim to be beneficial to society as a whole. We are operating under the slogan of “Make the first stepfor safer and more secure cities.” In Japan, which is prone to earthquakes, typhoons, and other natural disasters, building “saferand more secure cities” is a constant objective, one that requires perseverance over many years and a steady, step-by-step buildupof efforts. We believe that the real estate redevelopment projects that we facilitate are the first steps toward creating “saferand more secure cities.”

 

Inmaking the first step for safer and more secure cities, we value and conform to a philosophy called “Sampo-yoshi,” whichis a traditional Japanese business philosophy. “Sampo” is the Japanese word for three parties: the seller, the buyer, andsociety. “Yoshi” means “good” or “beneficial” in Japanese. Therefore, it refers to the philosophyof doing good business, which is intended to be a win-win situation for the seller, the buyer, and society. It is essential for the sellerand buyer to be satisfied, and that a good business can only be said to be good if it contributes to society as well. In our business,for landowners, the value of their property is expected to increase by the proposed redevelopment. For us, we can profit from the increasedvalue of property. For society, it generally becomes safer and more secure by the redevelopment. “Good for the people, good forthe city, and good for society.” This philosophy of “Sampo-yoshi” is our most valued corporate spirit and the verycompany we are striving to become.

 

Forthe years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, we reported revenues of $472,858,985 and $309,378,119, respectively, net income of $36,365,067and $14,775,265, respectively, and net cash used in operating activities to be $45,665,390 and $29,758,668, respectively. For the sixmonths ended May 31, 2023, we reported revenues of $291,655,644, net income of $27,429,614, and net cash provided by operating activitiesof $49,900,607. As stated in the unaudited consolidated financial statements, as of May 31, 2023, we had retained earnings of $136,082,801.

 

36
 

 

OrganizationalStructure

 

Thefollowing diagram reflects our current organizational structure as of the date of this prospectus:

 

 

MetrosDevelopment Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (“Metros”), was formed in Japan on March 29, 2013. In February 2020, Metroscompleted an acquisition of 100% equity interest of Yuryo Shoji Co., a Japanese corporation. Metros was merged with and into Yuryo ShojiCo. on June 1, 2020 with Metros being the surviving entity in such merger. The acquisition of Yuryo Shoji Co. was accounted for as anasset acquisition.

 

Metroshas two wholly owned subsidiaries, Royal House Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation which was established on October 1, 2015 and MetrosResort LLC, a Japanese limited liability company, which was established on February 14, 2020 as an SPC named Metros 1 LLC, on December28 2022, it was renamed to Metros Resort LLC.

 

TheMetros operates our business directly as well as through Royal House Co., Ltd., where we also identify what we believe to be underdevelopedreal estate properties and purchase and then re-sell such properties to real estate developers.

 

MetrosResort LLC is a non-operating entity at this time and we are exploring various business opportunities for this entity at this time, buthave not yet identified any specific business opportunity.

 

OurStrategy

 

Weidentify and purchase underutilized land and buildings, such as low-rise buildings, from landowners and sell them to developers so thatthe developers can redevelop the properties in a more useful way, such as a high-rise building. We also purchase small adjacent individuallots in bulk and sell them to developers as large lots that can be developed by them on a large scale. By selling the land in such away that it can be effectively utilized by the developers, we are able to add value and sell the property at a higher price than theprice at which we purchased it.

 

Thereal estate industry is susceptible to economic trends, policy interest rate trends, land price trends, real estate sales price trends,real estate taxation, etc. Therefore, a downturn in the real estate market, a significant increase in interest rates, or other similarchanges could negatively affect the Company’s performance. In addition, since our Company adopts a style of purchase/sales in whichwe primarily visit landowners one by one and negotiate with them, our purchase/sales may be restricted by the effects of the continuedcoronavirus pandemic. Specifically, the revenue and net income in 2020 decreased by 12.6% and 32.2%, respectively, from 2019. In 2021,the revenue recovered to the 2019 level but net income was still 39.0% lower than 2019. Therefore, it is our policy to properly identifyand evaluate the possibility of occurrence of risks and to take appropriate measures aiming to deal with them.

 

37
 

 

Resultsof Operations

 

Comparisonof results of operations for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022

 

Thefollowing table summarizes our operating income as reflected in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensiveincome for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, and presents information regarding amounts and percentage changes during thoseperiods.

 

   For Six Months Ended May 31, 
   2023   2022   Variance 
   Amount  

% of

revenue

   Amount  

% of

revenue

   Amount   % 
                         
Revenues  $291,655,644    100%  $275,442,117    100%  $16,213,527    6%
Cost of revenues   210,535,210    72%   205,695,562    75%   4,839,648    2%
Gross profit   81,120,434    28%   69,746,555    25%   11,373,879    16%
                               
Operating expenses   38,101,920    13%   32,688,885    12%   5,413,035    17%
                               
Income from operations   43,018,514    15%   37,057,670    13%   5,960,844    16%
                               
Other income (expenses)   197,278    0%   (1,074,195)   0%   1,271,473    (118)%
                               
Income before income taxes   43,215,792    15%   35,983,475    13%   7,232,317    20%
                               
Income tax expense   15,786,178    5%   13,772,385    5%   2,013,793    15%
                               
Net income  $27,429,614    10%  $22,211,090    8%  $5,218,524    23%

 

Ourrevenues generated from different revenue streams consist of the following:

 

   For the Six Months ended         
   May 31,   Variance 
   2023   2022   Amount   % 
Real estate sales  $290,936,895   $274,915,436   $16,021,459    6%
Rental revenue   671,446    472,258    199,188    42%
Real estate brokerage revenue   47,303    54,423    (7,120)   (13)%
   $291,655,644   $275,442,117   $16,213,527    6%

 

38
 

 

Revenues

 

Ourrevenue stream consists of real estate sales, rental revenue, and real estate brokage revenue. Real estate sales account for more than99% of total revenue, almost all of our revenue comes from real estate sales. Therefore, the increase in revenue is mainly attributedto an increase in real estate sales. The increase in real estate sales was mainly due to the overall development and expansionof our business. The increase was attributable to an increase of $16 million in real estate sales due to the number of sales contractsincreased to 67 for the six months ended May 31, 2023, compared to 55 for the six monthsended May 31, 2022. The increase in the sales contracts is because we actively conducted sales operations with an increased numberof employees and an increased number of approaches to landowners in order to buy their land and sell them collectivelyto developers. There was no unusual or infrequent event attributed to the increase in sales. Regarding rental revenue,we completed construction of rental apartment in July 2022 and revenue increased as the number of tenants increased.

 

Costof Revenues

 

Costof revenue, for the six months ended May 31, 2023,was $210.5 million compared to $205.7 million for the same period in 2022. The increase in cost of revenues by $4.8 million or 2% wasin line with the increase of real estate sales due to the number of sales contracts increasedto 67 for the six months ended May 31, 2023, compared to 55 for the six months endedMay 31, 2022. The increase in the sales contracts is because we actively conducted salesoperations with an increased number of employees and an increased number of approaches to landowners in order to buy theirlands and sell them collectively to developers. There was no unusual or infrequent event attributed to the increase in cost ofrevenues.

 

GrossProfit

 

Grossprofit, for the six months ended May 31, 2023,was $81.1 million compared to $69.7 million for the same period in 2022. The increase in gross profit by $11.4 million or 16% was inline with an increase of real estate sales due to the number of sales contracts increased to 67 for the six months ended May 31,2023, compared to 55 for the six months ended May 31, 2022.The increase in the sales contracts is because we actively conducted sales operations with an increased number of employeesand an increased number of approaches to landowners in order to buy their lands and sell them collectively to developers. Therewas no unusual or infrequent event attributed to the increase in gross profit.

 

Selling,General and Administrative Expenses

 

Operatingexpenses for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

 

   For the Six Months ended         
   May 31,   Variance 
   2023   2022   Amount   % 
Consulting fees (including consulting fees resulting from transactions with a related party of $15,869,285 and $14,995,387 for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)  $20,274,149   $17,669,957   $2,604,192    15%
Professional service fees   1,272,619    -    1,272,619    100%
Salaries and welfare expenses   9,271,906    8,599,156    672,750    8%
Taxes and dues   4,678,670    4,159,302    519,368    12%
Commission fee   890,893    678,894    211,999    31%
Rent and lease expenses   545,279    611,847    (66,568)   (11)%
Travel expenses   201,093    216,678    (15,585)   (7)%
Depreciation expenses   196,662    112,705    83,957    74%
Others   770,649    640,346    130,303    20%
   $38,101,920   $32,688,885   $5,413,035    17%

 

39
 

 

Theincrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was due to an increase in consulting fees, salaries and welfare expenses, taxesand dues, and commission fee as a result of business expansion. The increase of selling, general and administrative expenses was alsodue to an increase of professional service fees relating to this offering.

 

Theconsulting fees increased by $2,604,192 from $17,669,957 for the six months ended May 31, 2022 to $20,274,149 for the six monthsended May 31, 2023. This increase is attributed to the increase of consulting fees from a related party. We have entered intoa partnership agreement with a related party in order to cooperate and promote our business. In accordance with the partnershipagreement, the consulting fee from the related party is calculated based on our revenue. Therefore, due to the revenue increase, consultingfees from the related party increased accordingly. The increase in professional service fees was due to an increase in professionalservice fees paid to professional parties in connection with going public. The increase in salaries and welfare expenses was due to anincrease in sales commission paid to employees according to the increase in revenue. The increase in commission fee was due to an increasein loan fees from financial institutions associated with new borrowings for the purchase of land and buildings due to an increase intransaction volume.

 

OtherIncome (Expenses)

 

Otherincome (expenses) for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, were as follows:

 

   Six Months ended         
   May 31,   Variance 
   2023   2022   Amount   % 
Other income (including other income resulting from transactions with a related party of $18,077 and $1,141 for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)  $172,470   $280,702   $(108,232)   (39)%
Other expenses   (283)   (20,575)   20,292    (99)%
Interest expenses   (1,377,735)   (1,067,411)   (310,324)   29%
Gain (loss) from equity method investments   1,402,826    (266,911)   1,669,737    (626)%
   $197,278   $(1,074,195)  $1,271,473    (118)%

 

Thechange in other expenses to other income for the six months ended May 31, 2023 was due to a gain from equity method investments offsetby an increase in interest expenses. The change in loss from equity method investments to gain from equity method investments for thesix months ended May 31, 2023 was due to the impact on net income rather than net loss on the investee in that period. There was no unusualor infrequent event attributed to equity method investments.

 

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IncomeTax Expense

 

Incometax expense, for the six months ended May 31, 2023, was $15.8 million compared to $13.8 million for the same period in 2022. The increasein income tax expense by $2.0 million or 15% was due to the increase in revenue and an increase in earnings due to an improvement inthe gross profit margin.

 

NetIncome

 

Asa result of the foregoing, we reported a net income of $27.4 million for the six months ended May 31, 2023, representing a $5.2 millionor 23% increase from $22.2 million for the six months ended May 31, 2022.

 

Comparisonof results of operations for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021

 

Thefollowing table summarizes our operating income as reflected in our audited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive incomefor the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, and presents information regarding amounts and percentage changes during those periods.

 

   For the Years Ended November 30, 
   2022   2021   Variance 
   Amount  

% of

revenue

   Amount  

% of

revenue

   Amount   % 
                         
Revenues  $472,858,985    100%  $309,378,119    100%  $163,480,866    53%
Cost of revenues   349,511,552    74%   240,387,432    78%   109,124,120    45%
Gross profit   123,347,433    26%   68,990,687    22%   54,356,746    79%
                               
Operating expenses   61,707,664    13%   41,479,195    13%   20,228,469    49%
                               
Income from operations   61,639,769    13%   27,511,492    9%   34,128,277    124%
                               
Other expenses   (2,157,216)   0%   (3,720,668)   (1)%   1,563,452    (42)%
                               
Income before income taxes   59,482,553    13%   23,790,824    8%   35,691,729    150%
                               
Income tax expense   23,117,486    5%   9,015,559    3%   14,101,927    156%
                               
Net income  $36,365,067    8%  $14,775,265    5%  $21,589,802    146%

 

Ourrevenues generated from different revenue streams consist of the following:

 

   For the Years ended         
   November 30,   Variance 
   2022   2021   Amount   % 
Real estate sales  $471,984,562   $308,156,934   $163,827,628    53%
Rental revenue   757,606    931,849    (174,243)   (19)%
Real estate brokerage revenue   116,817    289,336    (172,519)   (60)%
   $472,858,985   $309,378,119   $163,480,866    53%

 

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Revenues

 

Ourrevenue stream consists of real estate sales, rental revenue, and real estate brokage revenue., Real estate sales account for more than99% of total revenue, almost all of our revenue comes from real estate sales. Therefore, the increase in revenue is mainly attributedto an increase of real estate sales. The increase in the real estate sales revenues was mainly due to the overall developmentand expansion of our business. The increase was attributable to an increase of $164 million in real estate sales due to the number ofsales contracts increasing to 96 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2022, compared to 65 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021.The increase in the sales contracts is because we actively conducted sales operations with an increased number of employees andan increased number of approaches to landowners in order to buy their lands and sell them collectively to developers. There wasno unusual or infrequent event attributed to the increase in sales.

 

Costof Revenues

 

Costof revenue, for the year ended November 30, 2022, was $349.5 million compared to $240.4 million for the same period in 2021. The increasein cost of revenues by $109 million or 45% was in line with the increase of realestate sales due to the number of sales contracts increased to 96 for the fiscal year ended November30, 2022, compared to 65 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021. The increase in the sales contracts is because we activelyconducted sales operations with an increased number of employees and an increased number of approaches to landowners inorder to buy their lands and sell them collectively to developers. There was no unusual or infrequent event attributed to the increasein cost of revenues.

 

GrossProfit

 

Grossprofit, for the year ended November 30, 2022, was $123.3 million compared to $69.0 million for the same period in 2021. The increasein gross profit by $54 million or 79% was in line with an increase of real estate sales due to the number of sales contracts increasedto 96 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2022, compared to 65 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021. Theincrease in the sales contracts is because we actively conducted sales operations with an increased number of employees and anincreased number of approaches to landowners in order to buy their lands and sell them collectively to developers. There was no unusualor infrequent event attributed to the increase in gross profit.

 

Selling,General and Administrative Expenses

 

Operatingexpenses for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

 

   For the Years ended         
   November 30,   Variance 
   2022   2021   Amount   % 
Consulting fees (including consulting fees resulting from transactions with a related party of $25,235,001 and $16,680,567 for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively)  $29,724,858   $18,215,467   $11,509,391    63%
Salaries and welfare expenses   17,688,379    14,174,230    3,514,149    25%
Taxes and dues   9,270,011    4,977,189    4,292,822    86%
Commission fee   1,400,626    747,885    652,741    87%
Rent and lease expenses   986,131    1,067,544    (81,413)   (8)%
Travel expenses   429,418    459,495    (30,077)   (7)%
Depreciation expenses   328,943    209,249    119,694    57%
Others   1,879,298    1,628,136    251,162    15%
   $61,707,664   $41,479,195   $20,228,469    49%

 

Theincrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was due to an increase in consulting fees, salaries and welfare expenses, taxesand dues, commission fee, depreciation expenses and others as a result of business expansion.

 

Theconsulting fees increased by $11,509,391 from $18,215,467 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021 to $29,724,858 for thefiscal year ended November 30, 2022. This increase is attributed to the increase of consulting fees from a relatedparty. We have entered into a partnership agreement with a related party in order to cooperate and promote our business. Inaccordance with the partnership agreement, the consulting fees from the related party are calculated based on ourrevenue. Therefore, due to the revenue increase, consulting fees from the related party increased accordingly. The increasein salaries and welfare expenses was due to an increase in sales commission paid to employees according to the increase in revenue.The increase in taxes and dues was mainly due to the increase in non-deductible consumption tax and the increase in the number ofsales contracts.

 

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OtherIncome (Expenses)

 

Otherincome (expenses) for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, were as follows:

 

   Years ended         
   November 30,   Variance 
   2022   2021   Amount   % 
Other income (including other income resulting from transactions with related parties of $84,728 and $101,687 for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively)  $497,186   $596,801   $(99,615)   (17)%
Other expenses   (6,915)   (10,992)   4,077    (37)%
Interest expenses   (2,232,328)   (1,374,628)   (857,700)   62%
Loss from equity method investments   (415,159)   (2,931,849)   2,516,690    (86)%
   $(2,157,216)  $(3,720,668)  $1,563,452    (42)%

 

Thedecrease in other expenses was due to a decrease in losses from equity method investments offset by an increase in interest expenses.

 

Theincrease in interest expenses was due to the significant increase in borrowings attributable to active purchases of real estate.In addition, the decrease in loss from equity method investments was due to the impact of a decrease in net loss of investee.There was no unusual or infrequent event attributed to interest expenses and equity method investments.

 

IncomeTax Expense

 

Incometax expense, for the year ended November 30, 2022, was $23.1 million compared to $9.0 million for the same period in 2021. The increasein income tax expense by $14 million or 156% was due to the increase in revenue and an increase in earnings due to an improvement inthe gross profit margin.

 

NetIncome

 

Asa result of the foregoing, we reported a net income of $36 million for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2022, representing a $22 millionor 146% increase from $15 million for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021.

 

Liquidityand Capital Resources

 

Ourcash requirements include operating expenses for real estate sales and finance costs from loans for purchases of real estate inventories.The sources of liquidity to fund these cash requirements include real estate sales and borrowings from banks and other financial institutions,which are our primary source of cash flow.

 

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Asof May 31, 2023, the Company had $34.0 million in cash and cash equivalents compared to $6.6 million as of November 30, 2022. In addition,the Company had $190.4 million in real estate inventories as of May 31, 2023 compared to $197.0 million as of November 30, 2022. TheCompany had $83.6 million in bank and other borrowings as of May 31, 2023 compared to $101.1million as of November 30, 2022.

 

TheCompany formulates funding policies that are designed to maintain and improve procurement stability and reduce liquidity risk. As a concretemeasure to maintain and improve procurement stability, we engage in various activities such as developing connection with new financialinstitutions, maintaining good relationship with financial institutions with which we do business, regularly exchanging information withfinancial institutions on our financial situation and real estate market. We utilize borrowings from Japanese financial institutionsto mainly purchase real estate from landowners. To reduce liquidity risk, we use project financing tied to individual real estate propertiesas much as possible. We take into account the time it takes for those real estate properties to become available for sale,after securing sufficient working capital. In addition, we diversify funding sources in order not only to reduce funding costsbut also to improve funding stability and reduce liquidity risk. Furthermore, we monitor central bank monetary policy developmentsand consider the need for interest rate swaps.

 

Uncertaintiescaused by the real estate market remain. To be precise, real estate developers may be materially affected by the inflation ofdevelopment cost as well as the economic situation around the world which can be largely impacted by central monetary policy. Dependingon future developments, we expect an increase in liquidity risk, including higher procurement costs. Specifically, we may be unable toborrow new funds or roll-over existing funds; and we expect there will be an increase in the amount of interest we need to pay if weare able to borrow such funding. Notwithstanding the current environment, we are working to maintain stable procurement and reduce liquidityrisk in accordance with the above policy. In addition, with respect to rising interest costs, we are working to maintain good communicationswith financial institutions so that we can raise funds at favorable interest rates.

 

Sourceof Liquidity

 

TheCompany borrows from a variety of sources, including regional banks, shinkin (Japanese deposit institution) banks, credit unions, governmentfinancial institutions in Japan. We have adopted regular face-to-face communications and established positive working relationshipswith financial institutions in Japan.

 

Weuse project financing tied to individual real estate properties as much as possible. We take into account the time it takes forthose real estate properties to become available for sale, after securing sufficient working capital. All of the project financingcomes from financial institutions, and the timing and amount of real estate to be acquired and sold have a significant impacton financing activities.

 

Inassessing liquidity, management monitors and analyzes the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, ability to generate sufficient futureearnings, and operating and capital investment commitments. The Company believes that its current cash and cash equivalents from operationsand borrowings from banks will be sufficient to meet its working capital needs for the next 12 months from the date of issuance of theunaudited financial statements.

 

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Overthe next few years, the Company intends to consider other sources of financing to meet its cash needs, including raising additional capitalthrough equity issuances. While we face uncertainties regarding the size and timing of our fundraising, we are confident that we willbe able to continue to meet our business needs solely through the use of cash flows generated from operations and shareholder workingcapital, as needed.

 

CashFlows for the Six Months Ended May 31, 2023 and 2022

 

Thefollowing table provides a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated.

 

   Six Months ended         
   May 31,   Variance 
   2023   2022   Amount   % 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities  $49,900,607   $(10,403,512)  $60,304,119    (580)%
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities   319,443    (2,891,481)   3,210,924    (111)%
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities   (20,158,546)   23,560,734    (43,719,280)   (186)%
Effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rate   (1,246,861)   (3,094,488)   1,847,627    (60)%
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash   28,814,643    7,171,253    21,643,390    302%
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of the period   8,189,958    20,383,126    (12,193,168)   (60)%
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of the period  $37,004,601   $27,554,379   $9,450,222    34%

 

OperatingActivities

 

Netcash provided by operating activities increased $60.3 million to $49.9 million for the six months ended May 31, 2023, mainly due to anincrease in net income and an increase in changes in real estate inventories, prepaid expenses, and accounts and other payables, offsetby gain from equity method investments and a decrease in change in income tax payables.

 

InvestingActivities

 

Duringthe six months ended May 31, 2023, net cash provided by investing activities of $0.3 million was mainly the result of distribution fromsilent partnerships of $1.6 million offset by purchase of term deposits of $1.5 million. During the six months ended May 31, 2022, netcash used in investing activities of $2.9 million was the result of purchase of property and equipment of $2.0 million, purchase of termdeposits of $0.4 million and purchase of investments of $0.5 million.

 

FinancingActivities

 

Duringthe six months ended May 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities of $20.2 million was the result of repayments for bank loansand other borrowings of $74.3 million offset by proceeds from bank loans and other borrowings of $56.4 million. During the six monthsended May 31, 2022, net cash provided by financing activities of $23.6 million was the result of proceeds from bank loans and other borrowingsof $70.9 million offset by repayments for bank loans and other borrowings of $45.6 million.

 

CashFlows for the Years Ended November 30, 2022 and 2021

 

Thefollowing table provides a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated.

 

   Years ended         
   November 30,   Variance 
   2022   2021   Amount   % 
Net cash used in operating activities  $(45,665,390)  $(29,758,668)  $(15,906,722)   53%
Net cash used in investing activities   (6,575,857)   (1,696,997)   (4,878,860)   287%
Net cash provided by financing activities   43,030,183    26,822,126    16,208,057    60%
Effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rate   (2,982,104)   (1,931,343)   (1,050,761)   54%
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash   (12,193,168)   (6,564,882)   (5,628,286)   86%
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of the year  $8,189,958   $20,383,126   $(12,193,168)   (60)%

 

OperatingActivities

 

Netcash used in operating activities increased $15.9 million to $45.7 million for the year ended November 30, 2022, mainly due to an increasein changes in real estate inventories and prepaid expenses, offset by an increase in net income and changes in accounts and other payablesand income tax payables.

 

InvestingActivities

 

Duringthe year ended November 30, 2022, net cash used in investing activities of $6.6 million was mainly the result of purchase of propertyand equipment of $5.9 million. During the year ended November 30, 2021, net cash used in investing activities of $1.7 million was mainlythe result of purchase of term deposits of $1.1 million and purchase of investments of $1.9 million offset by proceeds from sales ofinvestments of $1.0 million.

 

FinancingActivities

 

Duringthe year ended November 30, 2022, net cash provided by financing activities of $43.0 million was the result of proceeds from bank loansand other borrowings of $125.6 million offset by repayments for bank loans and other borrowings of $80.8 million. During the year endedNovember 30, 2021, net cash provided by financing activities of $26.8 million was the result of proceeds from bank loans and other borrowingsof $91.6 million offset by repayments for bank loans and other borrowings of $64.8 million.

 

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ContractualObligations

 

LeaseAgreements

 

TheCompany has thirteen leases classified as operating leases for offices and sublease purposes.

 

Asof May 31, 2023, the future maturity of lease liabilities is as follows:

 

Year Ended November 30,  Operating Lease 
Remaining of 2023  $266,873 
2024   554,088 
2025   343,034 
2026   102,313 
2027   - 
Thereafter   - 
Total lease payments   1,266,308 
Less: imputed interest   (30,127)
Total operating lease liabilities  $1,236,181 

 

Bankand Other Borrowings

 

TheCompany borrowed loans from various financial institutions and issued a bond for the purpose of purchasing real estate properties, andfor working capital purpose.

 

Asof May 31, 2023, future minimum borrowing payments are as follows:

 

Year Ended November 30,  Principal Repayment 
Remaining of 2023  $38,027,088 
2024   28,511,378 
2025   7,659,697 
2026   1,077,925 
2027   1,049,052 
Thereafter   7,289,391 
Total  $83,614,531 

 

Off-BalanceSheet Arrangements (Off-Balance Sheet Transactions)

 

Thereare no off-balance sheet arrangements as of May 31, 2023 and 2022.

 

TrendInformation

 

Inaddition to the new coronavirus, the recent war in Ukraine and the imposition of broad economic sanctions against Russia could lead tohigher energy prices and disruptions in global markets. It is unclear how the continued development and complexity of this situationwill affect the Japanese economy and our business in the future. In particular, there is a risk that changes related to the acquisitionof new customers and additional purchases by existing customers could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations; thatdeteriorating global economic conditions could have an adverse effect on the Company’s industry, business and results of operations;and that many of the other risks listed under “Risk Factors” could have an incremental effect.

 

Otherthan as disclosed in the consolidated financial statements, we are not aware of any other trends, uncertainties, demands, commitmentsor events for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues,income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that caused the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicativeof future operating results or financial condition.

 

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CriticalAccounting Policies and Estimates

 

Weprepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP, which requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions.We continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, our own historical experiencesand various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral componentof the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from our expectations as a result of changes in our estimates. Some ofour accounting policies require a higher degree of judgment than others in their application and require us to make significant accountingestimates. We believe that critical accounting policies as disclosed in this prospectus reflect the more significant judgements and estimatesused in preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

 

Thefollowing descriptions of critical accounting policies and estimates should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statementsand other disclosures included in this annual report. When reviewing our consolidated financial statements, you should consider our selectionof critical accounting policies, the judgments and other uncertainties affecting the application of such policies and the sensitivityof reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions.

 

Valuationof Inventories

 

Realestate inventories represent mainly small adjacent individual lots, which consist of lands and/or lands with buildings attached, thatwill be grouped into larger lots for the purpose of selling to developers. Substantially all of our real estate inventories are in theprocess of combining into larger lots. Real estate inventories are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value less cost to sell. Ifan asset’s fair value less cost to sell, based on discounted future cash flows, management estimates or market comparisons, isless than its carrying amount, an allowance is recorded against the asset.

 

Thecost basis of the real estate inventories includes all direct acquisition costs including but not limited to the property purchase price,acquisition costs, dismantlement costs, capitalized interest, capitalized real estate taxes and other costs. Interests and real estatetaxes are not capitalized unless active redevelopment is underway. When acquiring real estate with existing buildings, we allocate thepurchase price between land, building and intangibles related to in-place leases, if any, based on their relative fair values. Management’sjudgment is necessary in purchase price allocation to arrive at the proper valuation of real estate inventories.

 

RevenueRecognition

 

TheCompany recognizes revenue from sales of real estate, providing real estate brokerage service under ASC Topic 606, “Revenue fromContracts with Customers”.

 

Todetermine revenue recognition for contracts with customers, the Company performs the following five steps : (i) identify the contract(s)with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variableconsideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction priceto the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the performanceobligation. Revenue amount represents the invoiced value, net of consumption tax and applicable local government levies, if any. Theconsumption tax on sales is calculated at 10% of gross sales.

 

TheCompany reports revenue on a gross or net basis based on management’s assessment of whether the Company acts as a principal oragent in the transaction. The determination of whether the Company acts as a principal or an agent in a transaction is based on the evaluationof whether (i) the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified goods or service, (ii) the Companyhas inventory risk before the specified good or service has been transferred to a customer or after transfer of control to the customerand (iii) the Company has discretion in establishing the price for the specified good or service. If the terms of a transaction do notindicate the Company is acting as a principal in the transaction, then the Company is acting as an agent in the transaction and the associatedrevenues are recognized on a net basis.

 

TheCompany has utilized the practical expedient in ASC Topic 606 and elected not to capitalize contract costs for contracts with customerswith durations less than one year. The Company does not have significant remaining unfulfilled performance obligations or contract balances.

 

TheCompany recognizes revenue from rental services under ASC Topic 842, “Leases”.

 

TheCompany currently generates its revenue from the following main sources:

 

Realestate sales

 

Revenuesfrom real estate sales are recognized when the parties are bound by the terms of a contract, consideration has been exchanged, titleand other attributes of ownership have been conveyed to the buyer by means of a closing and the Company is not obligated to perform furthersignificant development of the specific property sold, which is generally upon the delivery ofthe real estate, which generally coincides with the receipt of cash consideration from the customer. Our contracts with customers containa single performance obligation and we do not provide warranties for sold real estate.

 

Rentalrevenue

 

Wecommence recognition of income from rentals related to the operating leases at the date the property is ready for its intended use bythe tenant and the tenant takes possession of or controls the physical use of the leased asset. Income from rentals related to fixedrental payments under operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective operating lease terms.

 

Realestate brokerage revenue

 

Werecognize commission-based brokerage revenue upon closing of a brokerage transaction. The transaction price is either fixed or calculatedby taking the agreed upon commission rate and applying that to the real estate’s selling price. Brokerage revenue primarily containsa single performance obligation that is satisfied upon the closing of a real estate services transaction, at which point the entire transactionprice is earned. We are not entitled to any commission until the performance obligation is satisfied and are not owed any commissionfor unsuccessful transactions, even if services have been provided.

 

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DESCRIPTIONOF BUSINESS

 

Unlessthe context otherwise requires, “Metros,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our,”refer to Metros Development Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (“Metros Development”), and its direct subsidiaries, includingRoyal House Co., Ltd. (“Royal House”) and Metros Resort LLC (“Metros Resort”), each a Japanese corporation.

 

BusinessOverview

 

Weare a real estate consulting company that identifies and purchases what we believe to be underdeveloped real estate properties (landand/or buildings) and re-sell such properties to real estate developers so that they can redevelop those properties. We do not develop,redevelop or participate in the building or construction of any real properties. We also do not engage in realtor-services nor do weprovide services such as title services.

 

Ourmission is to maximize the values of the land and building of real estate owners by first identifying their real estate holdings as underdevelopedand proposing the most effective use of the identified real estate. For example, if a real estate property is located in an upscale residentialarea, but the property, whether it be a building or land, is being used for low-value single-family homes, low-rise buildings or is atthe moment just a plot of land, we do not believe that this is the most effective use of the land and we bring that to the attentionof the property owner.

 

Oncewe identify an underdeveloped property, we negotiate diligently with the landowner to purchase that property. We often purchase separatesmall parcels of land and sell them to a developer as a single large lot. Selling the land as a single large lot often increases thevalue of the property and allows us to sell it at a higher price to developers that will develop the property for high-end condominiumsor commercial buildings.

 

Webelieve that we also contribute to the creation of safe and comfortable urban environments by purchasing old buildings that lack fireresistance and earthquake resistance and selling them as land for development. By encouraging construction of fire resistance and earthquakeresistance buildings, we aim to be beneficial to society as a whole. We are operating under the slogan of “Make the first stepfor safer and more secure cities.” In Japan, which is prone to earthquakes, typhoons, and other natural disasters, building “saferand more secure cities” is a constant objective, one that requires perseverance over many years and a steady, step-by-step buildupof efforts. We believe that the real estate redevelopment projects that we facilitate are the first steps toward creating “saferand more secure cities.”

 

Inmaking the first step for safer and more secure cities, we value and conform to a philosophy called “Sampo-yoshi,” whichis a traditional Japanese business philosophy. “Sampo” is the Japanese word for three parties: the seller, the buyer, andsociety. “Yoshi” means “good” or “beneficial” in Japanese. Therefore, it refers to the philosophyof doing good business, which is intended to be a win-win situation for the seller, the buyer, and society. It is essential for the sellerand buyer to be satisfied, and that a good business can only be said to be good if it contributes to society as well. In our business,for landowners, the value of their property is expected to increase by the proposed redevelopment. For us, we can profit from the increasedvalue of property. For society, it generally becomes safer and more secure by the redevelopment. “Good for the people, good forthe city, and good for society.” This philosophy of “Sampo-yoshi” is our most valued corporate spirit and the verycompany we are striving to become.

 

OrganizationalStructure

 

Thefollowing diagram reflects our current organizational structure as of the date of this prospectus:

 

 

MetrosDevelopment Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (“Metros”), was formed in Japan on March 29, 2013. In February 2020, Metroscompleted an acquisition of 100% equity interest of Yuryo Shoji Co., a Japanese corporation. Metros was merged with and into Yuryo ShojiCo. on June 1, 2020 with Metros being the surviving entity in such merger. The acquisition of Yuryo Shoji Co. was accounted for as anasset acquisition.

 

Metroshas two wholly owned subsidiaries, Royal House Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation which was established on October 1, 2015 and MetrosResort LLC, a Japanese limited liability company, which was established on February 14, 2020 as an SPC named Metros 1 LLC, on December28, 2022, it was renamed to Metros Resort LLC.

 

TheMetros operates our business directly as well as through Royal House Co., Ltd., where we also identify what we believe to be underdevelopedreal estate properties and purchase and then re-sell such properties to real estate developers.

 

MetrosResort LLC is a non-operating entity at this time and we are exploring various business opportunities for this entity at this time, buthave not yet identified any specific business opportunity.

 

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OurStrategy

 

Weidentify and purchase underutilized land and buildings, such as low-rise buildings, from landowners and sell them to developers so thatthe developers can redevelop the properties in a more useful way, such as a high-rise building. We also purchase small adjacent individuallots in bulk and sell them to developers as large lots that can be developed by them on a large scale. By selling the land in such away that it can be effectively utilized by the developers, we are able to add value and sell the property at a higher price than theprice at which we purchased it.

 

Thereal estate industry is susceptible to economic trends, policy interest rate trends, land price trends, real estate sales price trends,real estate taxation, etc. Therefore, a downturn in the real estate market, a significant increase in interest rates, or other similarchanges could negatively affect the Company’s performance. In addition, since our Company adopts a style of purchase/sales in whichwe primarily visit landowners one by one and negotiate with them, our purchase/sales may be restricted by the effects of the continuedcoronavirus pandemic. Specifically, the revenue and net income in 2020 decreased by 12.6% and 32.2% respectively from 2019. In 2021,the revenue recovered to the 2019 level but net income was still 39.0% lower than 2019. Therefore, it is our policy to properly identifyand evaluate the possibility of occurrence of risks and to take appropriate measures aiming to deal with them.

 

Weare considering the following strategies seeking to steadily expand our business and increase our corporate value even in the environmentdescribed above.

 

Furtherdevelopment of our core business

 

Wewill strive for steady growth of our core business by increasing the number of purchase/sales personnel, mainly in Tokyo, Osaka, andNagoya, in order to increase the number of approaches to landowners, which we believe will lead to an increase in the number of purchasecontracts and settlements, thereby further expanding sales. We are considering the use of real estate crowd funding in order to providealternate funding to purchase additional properties.

 

Weplan to use a portion of the proceeds of this Offering for the development and marketing of the crowdfunding platform. For additionalinformation on this, please see “Use of Proceeds” on page 31. We intend to hire engineers and developers to build outthe crowdfunding platform and to market the real estate crowdfunding. We will strive for further growth by earning revenue from bothour steady sales style and eventually real estate tech, if possible. As stated above, we intend to primarily use the crowdfunding platformin order to grow our core business. Secondarily, we anticipate that others will be able to utilize our crowd funding platform to raisefunds to acquire real estate.

 

Diversificationof funding methods and securing a sound financial base

 

Whenpurchasing properties to date, we had only two options: using our own funds or borrowing funds from financial institutions. As a result,the amount of cash on hand and the amount available for borrowing from financial institutions have been limiting factors for the Company’sgrowth. In order to reduce or eliminate the impact of the above limiting factors and to maximize the outcome of effort we put on ourcore business, we are considering the use of real estate crowdfunding. We believe that diversifying our funding sources through realestate crowdfunding will contribute to further growth as we can aim to leverage the funds in an effort to maximize sales. Our serviceson the real estate crowdfunding platform are only intended for investors in Japan in accordance with the Act on Specified Joint RealEstate Ventures in Japan. We do not plan to allow U.S. persons or persons located in the United States to obtain access to posted offeringmaterials on the crowdfunding platform. We anticipate restricting access to the posted offering materials (from the crowdfunding site)to those viewers who first provide their residence information and, in doing so, do not provide information such as a U.S. area codeor address that indicates that they are a U.S. person.

 

Proactiverecruitment of human resources and building an organization that supports further growth in corporate value.

 

Thebusiness we conduct is greatly affected by the number of purchasing/sales personnel. By increasing the number of purchase/sales personnel,mainly in Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya, we aim to increase the number of approaches to landowners, which we believe will lead to an increasein the number of purchase contracts and settlements and further sales growth. In addition, it is imperative to train and secure personnelwho have expertise in purchasing operations and who are trusted by landowners, and accordingly we plan to train personnel who we believecan support the medium-to-long-term growth of the Company and strengthen young and mid-career personnel.

 

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StrengtheningInternal Controls and Compliance

 

Aspart of our corporate social responsibility, we plan to work to strengthen internal control and compliance. To this end, we believe itis important to establish a management control system and strengthen corporate governance. In order to develop and operate a system thatcan appropriately respond to these management issues, we will strengthen recruitment and establish various regulations and internal systems.

 

RiskManagement

 

Inorder to appropriately respond to changes in the business environment, we will identify, assess, and respond to risks, and take risksunder an appropriate risk management system in an effort to achieve sustainable growth and enhance our corporate value. In addition,in the event of an emergency such as a new type of coronavirus pandemic, we plan to properly assess the impact on our Company and takeappropriate actions.

 

Descriptionof Our Business

 

Weare a real estate consulting company that identifies and purchases what we believe to be underdeveloped real estate properties (landand/or buildings) and re-sells such properties to real estate developers for redevelopment. We do not develop, redevelop or participatein the building or construction of any real properties. We also do not engage in realtor-services nor do we provide services such astitle services.

 

Webelieve that we also contribute to the creation of safe and comfortable urban environments by purchasing old buildings that lack fireresistance and earthquake resistance and selling them as land for development. By encouraging construction of fire resistance and earthquakeresistance buildings, we aim to be beneficial to society as a whole. We are engaged in our business under the slogan of “Make thefirst step for safer and more secure cities.” To comply with and live up to this slogan, we strive to maximize the value of landowner’sproperty.

 

Forland in commercial or residential areas where high-rise buildings have been constructed in the surrounding area, but only one cornerof the area is underutilized, such as detached houses or low-rise buildings, we identify applicable properties and prepare redevelopmentproposals to encourage the most efficient use of the land in the area, such as condominiums or commercial buildings, which we believeare the most appropriate uses of land in that area. We closely negotiate with each landowner to propose a redevelopment plan that willallow for the construction of condominiums, commercial buildings, and other buildings that will make the most appropriate use of theland in the area. As a result of the negotiations, the separate small parcels of land are sold to the developer as a single large lot.Selling the land as a single large lot increases the value of the property and allows us to sell it at a higher price.

 

Duringthe period from December 1, 2021 through November 30, 2022, the Company entered into 426 agreements for the purchase of real estate properties.The aggregate purchase price of these real estate properties in such period was ¥59,541 million (approximately $459 million). Duringthe period from December 1, 2021 through November 30, 2022, the Company entered into 96 agreements for the sale of real estateproperties. The aggregate sales price of these real estate properties was ¥61,212 million (approximately $472 million).

 

Duringthe period from December 1, 2020 through November 30, 2021, the Company entered into 225 agreements for the purchase of real estate properties.The aggregate purchase price of these real estate properties in such period was ¥32,969 million (approximately $302 million).During the period from December 1, 2020 through November 30, 2021, the Company entered into 65 agreements for the sale of real estateproperties. The aggregate sales price of these real estate properties was ¥33,589 million (approximately $308 million).

 

We had real estate inventoriesof $190,421,240 as of May 31, 2023. Real estate inventories represent mainly small adjacent individual lots, which consist of lands and/orlands with buildings attached, that will be grouped into larger lots for the purpose of selling to developers. Set forth in the chartbelow are material real estate inventories in excess of $1,000,000 as of May 31, 2023. We own each of these properties. None of theseproperties are currently available for sale to developers as they require the eviction of the existing lessees prior to the sale of therespective properties. Usually, we purchase occupied real estate properties, and we take over all lease agreements accompanying the realestate property from the seller. Thereafter, we negotiate eviction with the lessees on an individual basis, taking into considerationthe contents of the lease agreement and the lessee’s actual use of the real estate property. Then, the specific timing of the evictionand the eviction fee will be decided between us and the lessee. Because there are no specific provisions in Japanese lawstipulating the timing of an eviction, it is determined through negotiations between the Company and the lesseeand is decided on a case-by-case basis, which usually takes from three months to one year from the dateof purchase of the property.

 

#   Project Name   City   Location  

Book Value as of May 31, 2023

($)

  Nature of mortgages or other liens or encumbrances against properties   Amount of all material mortgages ($)
1   Minamiazabu 3-chome   Tokyo   Minato-ku, Tokyo   11,930,942   Mortgage   8,584,919
2   Minamiootsuka 1-chome   Tokyo   Toshima-ku, Tokyo   9,390,428   N/A   -
3   Sitaya 2-chome   Tokyo   Taito-ku, Tokyo   9,152,567   Mortgage   7,154,099
4   Ueno 1-chome   Tokyo   Taito-ku, Tokyo   7,570,068   Mortgage   2,861,640
5   Noritake 2-chome   Nagoya   Nagoya-city, Aichi   7,134,335   Mortgage   5,365,574
6   Taito 3-chome   Tokyo   Taito-ku, Tokyo   6,480,390   Mortgage   1,387,895
7   Nihonbashi higashi 1-chome   Tokyo   Chuou-ku, Tokyo   5,274,717   Mortgage   4,149,378

 

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#   Project Name   City   Location  

Book Value as of May 31, 2023

($)

  Nature of mortgages or other liens or encumbrances against properties   Amount of all material mortgages ($)
8   Minami-ku Matsugae-cho   Kanagawa   Sagamihara-city, Tokyo   4,614,732   Mortgage   3,577,050
9   Omorihigashi 3-chome   Tokyo   Ota-ku, Tokyo   4,470,259   N/A   -
10   Koishikawa 3-chome   Tokyo   Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo   4,468,527   N/A   -
11   Senju 5-chome   Tokyo   Adachi-ku, Tokyo   4,314,729   N/A   -
12   Etchujima 1-chome   Tokyo   Koto-ku, Tokyo   4,205,655   Mortgage   2,289,312
13   Tsukiji 2-chome   Tokyo   Chuou-ku, Tokyo   3,849,888   N/A   -
14   Aoki 1-chome   Saitama   Kawaguchi-city, Saitama   3,754,277   Mortgage   2,503,935
15   Yayoi-cho 2-chome   Tokyo   Nakano-ku, Tokyo   3,690,830   Mortgage   2,861,640
16   Takaban 2-chome   Tokyo   Meguro-ku, Tokyo   3,621,812   N/A   -
17   Uchiyama 3-chome   Nagoya   Nagoya-city, Aichi   3,404,470   Mortgage   3,219,345
18   Yotsuyasanei-cho   Tokyo   Shinju-ku, Tokyo   3,332,036   Mortgage   1,230,505
19   Iriya 1-chome   Tokyo   Taito-ku, Tokyo   3,272,324   Mortgage   3,233,653
20   Morishita 3-chome   Tokyo   Koto-ku, Tokyo   3,194,438   Mortgage   2,146,230
21   Nishiwaseda 3-chome   Tokyo   Shinju-ku, Tokyo   2,912,076   Mortgage   1,895,836
22   Sumiyoshi 2-chome   Kanagawa   Naka-ku, Kanagawa   2,730,318   N/A   -
23   Hirano 1-chome   Tokyo   Koto-ku, Tokyo   2,548,070   N/A   -
24   Honda 2-chome   Osaka   Nishi-ku, Osaka   2,428,634   Mortgage   1,538,131
25   Issya 2-chome   Nagoya   Nagoya-city, Aichi   2,385,552   N/A   -
26   Kaminakazato 3-chome   Tokyo   Kita-ku, Tokyo   2,359,659   N/A   -
27   Kamiikebukuro 1-chome   Tokyo   Toshima-ku, Tokyo   2,208,523   N/A   -
28   Yotsuyasanei-cho   Tokyo   Shinju-ku, Tokyo   2,105,510   Revolving pledge   2,383,746
29   Akabane 1-chome   Tokyo   Kita-ku, Tokyo   2,076,822   N/A   -
30   Uchiyama 3-chome   Nagoya   Nagoya-city, Aichi   2,063,239   N/A   -
31   Tabatashinmachi 1-chome   Tokyo   Kita-ku, Tokyo   1,986,964   Mortgage   1,788,525
32   Tajiricho   Kanagawa   Kawasaki-city, Kanagawa   1,954,907   Mortgage   1,573,902
33   Kitamachi 1-chome   Tokyo   Nerima-ku, Tokyo   1,944,703   Revolving pledge   2,383,746
34   Nishinippori 5-chome   Tokyo   Arakawa-ku, Tokyo   1,819,184   N/A   -
35   Natsumi 1-chome   Chiba   Funabashi-city, Chiba   1,805,265   N/A   -
36   Narihira 3-chome   Tokyo   Sumida-ku, Tokyo   1,792,623   N/A   -
37   Hinode-cho 1-chome   Kanagawa   Yokosuka-city, Kanagawa   1,780,264   N/A   -
38   Honkomagome 5-chome   Tokyo   Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo   1,744,524   Mortgage   1,359,279
39   Mukogaoka 2-chome   Tokyo   Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo   1,730,821   N/A   -
40   Takasago 2-chome   Saitama   Soka-city, Saitama   1,713,925   N/A   -
41   Yoga 2-chome   Tokyo   Setagaya-ku, Tokyo   1,699,806   Mortgage   1,645,443
42   Sako 2-chome   Nagoya   Nagoya-city, Aichi   1,671,263   N/A   -
43   Shindo 2-chome   Nagoya   Nagoya-city, Aichi   1,640,517   N/A   -
44   Shibaura 1-chome   Tokyo   Minato-ku, Tokyo   1,637,774   Mortgage   1,359,279
45   Naka-ku Chojamachi   Kanagawa   Yokohama-city, Kanagawa   1,605,821   N/A   -
46   Ayase 3-chome   Tokyo   Adachi-ku, Tokyo   1,581,822   Mortgage   1,144,656
47   Nakada 2-chome   Nagoya   Nagoya-city, Aichi   1,576,013   N/A   -

 

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#   Project Name   City   Location  

Book Value as of May 31, 2023

($)

  Nature of mortgages or other liens or encumbrances against properties   Amount of all material mortgages ($)
48   Noritake 2-chome   Nagoya   Nagoya-city, Aichi   1,533,463   Mortgage   715,410
49   Hagataya 2-chome   Tokyo   Shibuya-ku, Tokyo   1,515,483   Mortgage   1,073,115
50   Higashikanda 1-chome   Tokyo   Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo   1,469,653   N/A   -
51   Nishiooi 2-chome   Tokyo   Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo   1,422,361   N/A   -
52   Kikukawa 1-chome   Tokyo   Sumida-ku, Tokyo   1,401,829   N/A   -
53   hakusan 5-chome   Tokyo   Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo   1,380,720   Mortgage   1,359,279
54   Nakahara 2-chome   Tokyo   Kita-ku, Tokyo   1,259,223   N/A   -
55   Kitasuna 1-chome   Tokyo   Koto-ku, Tokyo   1,253,817   N/A   -
56   Taito 1-chome   Tokyo   Taito-ku, Tokyo   1,240,592   Mortgage   572,328
57   Kitashinagawa 2-chome   Tokyo   Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo   1,239,266   N/A   -
58   Honsyo 3-chome   Tokyo   Sumida-ku, Tokyo   1,229,390   N/A   -
59   Taito 3-chome   Tokyo   Taito-ku, Tokyo   1,140,353   N/A   -
60   Naka-ku, Marunouchi 1-chome   Nagoya   Nagoya-city, Aichi   1,103,797   Mortgage   1,073,115
61   Yokokawa 2-chome   Tokyo   Sumida-ku, Tokyo   1,089,656   Revolving pledge   2,383,746
62   Soka-city Takasago 2-chome   Saitama   Soka-city, Saitama   1,081,039   N/A   -
63   Kojima 2-chome   Tokyo   Taito-ku, Tokyo   1,017,876   N/A   -

 

Thefollowing are the steps taken in our purchase/sale of real estate business for redevelopment:

 

1. Our purchasing/sales staff searches for suitable development sites in areas where condominiums and commercial buildings can be built, such as land that is underutilized, such as detached houses and low-rise buildings, older buildings that are not occupied by tenants, and areas with a high concentration of buildings that are deteriorating or not well maintained.

 

2. Once a suitable development site is found, we will discuss the matter internally and investigate whether redevelopment is feasible.

 

3. If a site is feasible for redevelopment, we prepare an invitation letter to the landowners in the area, which we first attempt to hand-deliver to them in person. However, if we are unable to hand deliver in person after several attempts, we will mail the invitation letter to the landlord. We will then visit the property later to explain the “Redevelopment Proposal.”

 

4. We then make a proposal of our purchase price, project schedule, etc. to the owners who consider the redevelopment proposal, and once they have agreed to the redevelopment proposal of the area and have expressed their willingness to sell, we conclude real estate sales contracts with them one by one.

 

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5. After contracts are signed with all owners in the redevelopment area, we complete the process by negotiating with tenants, if any.

 

6. Once all the above five processes are completed, we proceed with the selection of a developer. Usually, we select four to five developers who may have strengths in the type of redevelopment and size of the area, etc., and interview them about the amount of money available for purchase. We then conclude a real estate purchase agreement with the developer offering the highest-price.

 

7. The sale of the property is completed approximately two months after the above steps are completed.

 

DistinctiveContractual Arrangements

 

Webelieve there are two main obstacles associated with the real estate business. The first obstacle is inventory risk – we may notbe able to find a developer to sell a property we purchase from a landowner. In this case, we bear the risk of holding expensive inventory.Regarding the inventory risk, as of November 30, 2022, we had real estate inventories of $196,951,361 and as of May 31, 2023, we hadreal estate inventories of $190,421,240. If we cannot find developers which offer to buy those real estate inventoriesthrough the normal sales process, we may have to discount the sales price significantly even if the sales are at a loss in orderto reduce inventory risk. The second obstacle is the large amounts of funds required in operation. Because the product we handle is expensive,we need to secure large amounts of funds to leverage business. In order to eliminate these obstacles, we have the following distinctivecontractual arrangements that allow us to leverage our business without using our own capital or borrowing funds.

 

IndivisibleUnit Transaction Agreement

 

AnIndivisible Unit Transaction is an agreement that allows us to terminate the contract outright if we are unable to reach an agreementwith all landowners who own real estate in the development area in cases where there are multiple landowners in the development areasuitable for redevelopment and redevelopment is not possible with only one landowner’s land. This agreement prevents the risk ofhaving an inventory of land that is not suitable for construction by a developer.

 

Contractsfor Third Parties

 

Acontract for a third party is, in principle, no different from a typical real estate sales contract, but the final buyer is “ourcompany or a third party designated by our company.” This third party could be the developer, which is the ultimate buyer. Sincethe sale to the buyer and payment to the seller are made on the same day, there is no need for separate borrowing by us or use of ourown capital.

 

Deferralof Surrender and Settlement

 

Weoffer the following features to facilitate smooth purchase of properties from landowners and smooth sales to developers and other parties.

 

Deferralof surrender

 

Withrespect to the redevelopment projects, landowners in Japan are often elderly and often have limited financial resources . Therefore, although “property vacancy” (no occupants) is the standard when transferring ownershipin conjunction with real estate settlement, we negotiate with a landowner a 2-to-3-month grace period from the date of transferof ownership. This allows the landowner to look for a relocation site after receiving the proceeds from the sale from us, eliminatingthe need for the landowner to come up with the funds in advance to find a relocation site.

 

Settlementprior to the filing of an action

 

Whenthere is a deferral of surrender, our selling party (developer) is concerned about whether the previous owner will be able to reliablyvacate the property on the surrender date. Therefore, we will set the eviction date and submit it to the court in advance, and if theprevious owner does not vacate the property on the date of vacating, the court will execute a compulsory execution and the occupant willbe removed from the property immediately. If we do not apply for this settlement prior to the filing of an action, we will have to goto court after the eviction date, which may take more than one year to evict the occupant.

 

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IndustryOverview

 

Thereal estate industry is susceptible to economic trends, policy interest rate trends, land price trends, real estate sales price trends,real estate taxation, and other factors. Therefore, deterioration in real estate market conditions, significant increases in interestrates, or other changes in conditions could affect our business performance. The market size of the real estate industry in Japan isestimated to be ¥48,582.2 billion ($421.8 billion) in 2021. (Excerpt from the Annual Survey of Corporate Statistics) https://www.mof.go.jp/pri/reference/ssc/results/r3.pdf

 

Thenumber of new housing-starts in 2021 in the real estate development industry in Japan is 856,484 units, an increase of 5.0% from theprevious year. (Report on Statistical Survey of Construction Starts, Office of Construction Economics Statistics and Research, PolicyBureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) https://www.e-stat.go.jp/stat-search/file-download?statInfId=000032166767&fileKind=2

 

Customers

 

Thecustomers to whom we sell real estate are primarily developers of condominiums (for rent or for sale) and corporations.

 

Competition

 

Thereare many competitors in the real estate industry, ranging from major companies to new entrants. 368.55 thousand companies were in thereal estate industry in Japan in 2021, and the industry is crowded with competitors. (Japan: number of real estate companies 2021, Statista)https://www.statista.com/statistics/673072/japan-number-real-estate-corporations/

 

OurCompetitive Advantages

 

Webelieve that our biggest competitive advantage is our ability to build people-to-people connections. Because products we handle are high-priced,we need to be trusted by landowners so that they can allow us to acquire their property. Also, since a majority of landownersin Japan are elderly people who may be less comfortable with technology, face-to-face communication is essential. Lastly, eachproject needs a tailored approach in order to increase the value of the property because real estate is a unique item with a large salesprice and no two properties are alike. For those reasons, we believe that the key to our success relies on how many people-to-peopleconnections we can build.

 

Thereare three ways we build people-to-people connections. First, we are committed to an analog approach, including the search for suitabledevelopment sites and negotiations with landowners. To search for potential redevelopment sites, we walk through town to town and assessthe feasibility by observing directly without relying on technology. Also, to negotiate with landowners, we talk directly withthem, face-to-face, so that we can propose the redevelopment plan that we believe is best suited to each landowner and willincrease the value of their property. We believe that the more we value “people-to-people connections,” the more we needto respond in an analog manner.

 

Secondis the alliance we have with certain major real estate developers. Not only we are able to introduce our project to them in a speedymanner, but we can also negotiate with landowners and purchase real estate based on the social credibility gained from the partnerships/alliances.

 

Lastly,we provide a large incentive to motivate employees and optimize the company. We pay 7 to 12% of the gross profit from each project toour purchasing/sales staff as an incentive. We believe that by providing an incentive based on the profit from each project, our staffwill take responsibility for each project they participate in. This will increase their sense of professionalism and would lead to improvingtheir communication skills to build people-to-people connections.

 

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OurGrowth Strategy

 

Thetheme of our growth strategy is “fusion ofanalog and technology.”

 

First,for the analog segment, we intend to increase the number of approaches to landowners. In particular, we will increase the number of employeesin our existing offices in Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya. In addition, we are also considering covering future regional cities. that we havenot yet covered. We believe that an increase in the number of approaches will lead to an increase in the number of purchase contractsand then, sales contracts. As a result, our profit would increase. If we increase our profit, we can spend more funds to furtherincrease approaches. Thus, by increasing the number of approaches, we believe we can turn the cycle of development to leverage our businessgrowth.

 

Inaddition to the analog strategy, we are planning to launch crowdfunding merchandise. Until now, we have only had two options for purchasingproperties: using our own funds or borrowing from a financial institution. As a result, our own funds and the amount we can borrow fromfinancial institutions have been limiting factors in our growth. Therefore, we believe that real estate crowdfunding will enable us tofurther grow by raising risk money from general investors for each project and reducing or eliminating the effects of the above limitingfactors. We consider the technology segment of our strategy as a multiplier of our analog segment. We will focus mainly on increasingthe number of employees and exploring new regions. However, due to the hindrance of limited funds source, we will utilize technologyso that we can leverage the efforts we put in analog strategy.

 

IntellectualProperty

 

Thenames and marks of Metros and Metros Development mentioned in this prospectus are not registered as trademarks. We intend to registerthe names and marks of Metros and the potential real estate crowdfunding services as trademarks in Japan. The trade names referred toin this prospectus may be presented without the ®, ™ or SM symbols for convenience, but such references in no way imply thatwe do not fully assert our rights in such trade names or those of the applicable licensors under applicable law. Our use or display ofthe trade names of others should not be construed as implying our affiliation with, or their endorsement or sponsorship of, such others.

 

COVID-19,Impact of the Pandemic

 

Sincethe Company employs a style of purchasing sales in which purchasing salespeople visit landowners one by one to negotiate with them, andmany landowners in Japan are elderly, the Company’s purchasing sales may be restricted by the effects of the COVID-19pandemic. In such a case, our business performance could be significantly affected.

 

ConsultingAgreement

 

OnOctober 20, 2022 (“Effective Date”), the Company entered into a Consulting and Services Agreement (the “ConsultingAgreement”) with HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. (“HeartCore”). Pursuant to the terms of the Consulting Agreement, HeartCoreagreed to provide the Company certain services, including the following (collectively, the “Services”):

 

  (i) Assist with the selection and negotiation of terms for a law firm, underwriter and auditing firm for the Company;
  (ii) Assist in the preparation of documentation for internal controls required for an initial public offering by the Company;
  (iii) Attend and, if requested by the Company, lead, meetings of the Company’s management and employees;
  (iv) Provide the Company with support services related to the Company’s NASDAQ listing;
  (v) Assist in the preparation of S-1 or F-1 filings; and
  (vi) Assist in preparing an investor presentation/deck and executive summary of the Company’s operations.

 

Inproviding the Services, HeartCore will not perform accounting services, and will not act as an investment advisor or broker/dealer. Pursuantto the terms of the Consulting Agreement, the parties agreed that HeartCore will not provide the following services, among others: negotiationof the sale of the Company’s securities; participation in discussions between the Company and potential investors; assistancein structuring any transactions involving the sale of the Company’s securities; pre-screening of potential investors; due diligenceactivities; and providing advice relating to valuation of or financial advisability of any investments in the Company.

 

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Pursuantto the terms of the Consulting Agreement, the Company agreed to compensate HeartCore as follows in return for the provision of Servicesduring the nine-month term (the “Term”):

 

  (a) $300,000, to be paid as follows: (i) $100,000 on the Effective Date; (ii) $100,000 on the three-month anniversary of the Effective Date; and (iii) $100,000 on the six-month anniversary of the Effective Date; and
     
  (b) Issuance by the Company to HeartCore of a common share purchase warrant (the “Original Warrant”), deemed fully earned and vested as of the Effective Date, to acquire a number of shares of capital stock of Metros, to initially be equal to 1% of the fully diluted share capital of the Company as of the Effective Date, subject to adjustment as set forth in the Original Warrant.

 

Forany Services performed by HeartCore beyond the Term, Metros will compensate HeartCore for Services at the rate of $150 per hour,based on the hours spent by personnel of HeartCore.

 

TheConsulting Agreement’s Term shall expire unless renewed upon mutual written agreement of the parties.

 

Warrant

 

OnOctober 20, 2022, the Company issued the Original Warrant to HeartCore in exchange for services rendered as a consultant in connectionwith the proposed initial public offering of the Company. At any time beginning on the date of the initial public offering (“IPODate”) until ten years following completion of an initial public offering resulting in the Company’s shares being listedon a national stock exchange, HeartCore may exercise the Original Warrant to purchase 1% of the fully diluted share capital ofthe Company as of the IPO Date, for an exercise price per share of $0.01, subject to adjustment as provided in the warrant.

 

Amendmentto Consulting Agreement

 

OnOctober 26, 2022, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Consulting and Services Agreement, by and between the Companyand HeartCore (“Amendment No. 1”). Pursuant to the terms of Amendment No. 1, the Company and HeartCore agreed to amend theConsulting Agreement such that the Company agreed to compensate HeartCore as follows in return for the provision of the Servicesduring the nine-month Term:

 

  (a) $500,000, to be paid as follows: (i) $200,000 on the Effective Date; (ii) $150,000 on the three-month anniversary of the Effective Date; and (iii) $150,000 on the six-month anniversary of the Effective Date; and
     
  (b) Issuance by Metros to the Company of a warrant (the “New Company Warrant”), deemed fully earned and vested as of the Effective Date, to acquire a number of shares of capital stock of Metros, to initially be equal to 3% of the fully diluted share capital of Metros as of the Effective Date (1,440,000 shares), subject to adjustment as set forth in the New Company Warrant.

 

Inaddition, pursuant to the terms of Amendment No. 1, the Original Warrant was terminated as of October 26, 2022.

 

Exceptas set forth in Amendment No. 1 and Amendment No. 2 (described below), the Company Consulting Agreement remains in full forceand effect.

 

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RecentDevelopments

 

Loans

 

Duringthe period from June 1, 2023, through September 26, 2023, the Company entered into various loans, in a total principal amount of ¥5,652million (approximately $40.43 million), with banks and financial institutions for working capital purpose and for the purposeof purchasing real estate properties. The Company paid off certain loans in an aggregate amount of approximately $4.22 million aheadof schedule.

 

OnDecember 16, 2022, the Company entered into a guarantee agreement to guarantee a bank loan of ¥430 million (approximately $3.09million) borrowed by a customer, which will be matured in March 2024.

 

Sales

 

Duringthe period from June 1, 2023 through September 26, 2023, the Company entered into 35 agreements for the sale of real estate properties.The aggregate sales price of these real estate properties was ¥17,200 million (approximately $123.05 million), and the aggregatepurchase price of these real estate properties corresponding to these sales was ¥12,076 million (approximately $86.40 million).The aggregate purchase price of these real estate properties included only the purchase price of such realestate and did not include eviction costs for tenants, boundary termination costs, brokerage commissions to real estate brokers,and other costs normally included in cost of sales.

 

Dividend

 

InJanuary 2023, the Company declared and distributed cash dividends of ¥294 million (approximately $2.26 million).

 

AuthorizedShare Increase

 

EffectiveMay 26, 2023, the Company approved to increase the number of authorized shares from 1,000,000 to 196,000,000.

 

ForwardStock Split

 

EffectiveMay 26, 2023, the Company approved a stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common share, at a ratioof 1-for-1000 (the “Stock Split”). As of November 30, 2022 and immediately prior to the Stock Split, there were 49,000 sharesof common share issued and outstanding. As a result of the Stock Split, the Company has 49,000,000 shares of common share issued andoutstanding. All share and per share data included within the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes have been adjustedto account for the effect of the Stock Split.

 

SecondAmendment to Consulting Agreement

 

OnJune 23, 2023, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Consulting and Services Agreement (“Amendment No. 2”). Pursuant to the terms of Amendment No. 2, the Company and HeartCoreagreed to amend the Consulting Agreement such that both parties agreed to:

 

  (a) Extend the term until the day of the Company’s successful listing on Nasdaq; and
  (b) Amend the scope of the Services to add the following services:

 

  (i) Assist with the selection and negotiation of terms for a law firm, underwriter and auditing firm for the Company;
  (ii) Assist in the preparation of documentation for internal controls required for an initial public offering or de-SPAC transaction or other Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the SAR Agreement, as defined below) by the Company;
  (iii) Attend and, if requested by the Company, lead, meetings of the Company’s management and employees;
  (iv) Provide the Company with support services related to the Company’s NASDAQ listing;
  (v) Assist in the preparation of S-1 or F-1 filings;
  (vi) Providing support for investor relations activities; and
  (vii) Assist in preparing an investor presentation/deck and executive summary of the Company’s operations.

 

Inaddition, pursuant to the terms of Amendment No. 2, the New Company Warrant was terminated as of June 23, 2023.

 

Exceptas set forth in Amendment No. 1 and Amendment No. 2, the Company Consulting Agreement remains in full force and effect.

 

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StockAcquisition Rights

 

Inconnection with the Consulting Agreement and amendments thereto, on June 23, 2023, the Company allotted 735,000 stock acquisition rights to HeartCore in exchange for services rendered as a consultant inconnection with the proposed initial public offering of the Company under grants authorized by our shareholders and directors in substitutionfor the New Company Warrant. The stock acquisition right is exercisable from July 1, 2023 to June 30, 2033 upon the conditionthat the IPO has been completed. The stock acquisition right has an exercise price of ¥1($0.01) per common share.

 

OnNovember 1, 2022, the Company allotted 980,000 warrants to Hirokazu Tsukahara in exchange for services rendered related tothis offering.

 

Thiswarrant was terminated upon the issuance of the stock acquisition rights to Hirokazu Tsukahara and Eiko Hanyu as of June 23, 2023. TheCompany allotted 900,000 stock acquisition rights to Hirokazu Tsukahara and 80,000 stock acquisition rights to Eiko Hanyu. The stockacquisition right is exercisable from September 1, 2023 to June 23, 2033 upon the conditions that the IPO has been completed and thatthe board of directors approves right holders have made sufficient contributions to the business with an exercise price of ¥241($1.73)per common share.

 

OnJune 23, 2023, the Company allotted 6,100,000 stock acquisition rights to one director and employees. The stock acquisition rights haveall of the following vesting and exercise conditions with an exercise price of ¥241($1.73) per common share:

 

  a. After the completion of IPO;
  b. From June 24, 2025 to June 23, 2033;
  c. Consolidated revenues for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 or after exceeding ¥85 billion ($610.15 million) after the audit on the functional currency basis before the translation into the reporting currency basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”); and
  d. The total exercise payment made by the right holders is not more than ¥12 million ($86.14 thousand) during each calendar year.

 

OnJune 23, 2023, the Company allotted 1,200,000 stock acquisition rights to its business partners. The stock acquisition rights have allof the following vesting and exercise conditions with an exercise price of ¥241($1.73) per common share:

 

  a. After the completion of IPO;
  b. From September 1, 2023 to June 23, 2033; and
  c. Consolidated revenues for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 or after exceeding ¥85 billion ($610.15 million) after the audit on the functional currency basis before the translation into the reporting currency basis in accordance with the US GAAP.

 

Facilities

 

TheCompany’s head office is located at 4-10-10-7, Ginza, Chuoku, Tokyo 1040061, Japan, and leases approximately 642.94 square metersof office space from an unrelated third party. The initial term of this lease expires on March 31, 2026. The terms of the office leaseprovide for a base rent of $13,774 per month and a sales tax contribution of $1,376 per month.

 

Employees

 

Asof September 26, 2023, Metros Development Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries had in aggregate 170 full-time employees as follows:

 

Function  Full-Time Employees 
Purchase/sale Agents, including Sales Administration   160 
Sales and Marketing   0 
Management (Finance, HR, General Admin)   10 

 

Wehave no part-time employees. None of our employees are represented by a union. We consider our relations with our employees to be good.

 

GovernmentRegulation

 

Thereal estate consulting business conducted by the Company’s is regulated by Real Estate Brokerage Act in Japan. In the event ofa major revision of laws and regulations, which may result in tighter regulations or cost burdens, or the cancellation of licenses, registrations,or permits for some reason, our business activities may be significantly restricted, which may affect our business performance.

 

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RegulationsRelating to Real Estate Business

 

Salesand Brokerage of Real Estate

 

Ourbusiness involving property sales and brokerage of real estate transactions is subject to the Real Estate Brokerage Act of Japan (the“Real Estate Brokerage Act”). Under this law, any person who intends to engage in the business of the sale and purchaseof buildings and building lots or the brokerage of sale and purchase or leasing thereof, referred to by this law as a real estate trader,must firstly obtain a license from the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism or the relevant governor of the municipalgovernment in Japan. The minister or the relevant governor may revoke such license or order the suspension of business for a period ofup to one year if the real estate trader enters into a transaction that violates the Real Estate Brokerage Act or otherwise engages insubstantially inappropriate conduct. This law also requires real estate traders to employ, or otherwise enlist the services of, a certainnumber of qualified and registered real estate transaction managers.

 

TheReal Estate Brokerage Act imposes various obligations on real estate traders in connection with their business. For instance, real estatetraders must ensure that their real estate transaction managers deliver to property purchasers, lessees and/or certain relevant partiesdocuments setting forth important matters relating to the property and provide sufficient explanations to these parties before enteringinto real estate contracts. In addition, the Real Estate Brokerage Act places limits on the size of deposits that may be collected froma purchaser and on liquidated damages payable to real estate traders and also provides restrictions on advertisements relating to thebusiness of real estate traders.

 

InMay 2022, the amendments to the Real Estate Brokerage Act and related regulations came into effect, allowing documents that were previouslyrequired to be delivered in writing, such as the documents setting forth important matters relating to the property, to be deliveredby electronic means, subject to the consent of the property purchasers, lessees, and/or certain relevant parties. The amendments, ineffect, allow real estate transactions to be completed entirely online.

 

EnvironmentalRegulation

 

Ourbusiness operations are subject to Japan’s Soil Contamination Countermeasures Act (Act No. 53 of May 29, 2002, as amended).Under this law, if a local governor finds that the level of soil pollution in a given area of land due to hazardous or toxic substancesexceeds the standards prescribed by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan and that area of land is polluted to such an extent thatit has caused or may cause harm to human health, the governor must designate the area of land as a polluted area and the governor mayorder the current owner of such land to remove or remediate hazardous or toxic substances on or under the land in accordance with a planfor the removal and remediation, in principle, whether or not the current owner knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of suchhazardous or toxic substances.

 

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Liabilityfor Defect of Warranty and Non-Conformity to the Contract

 

Inconnection with our property sales businesses, pursuant to the Civil Code or other certain laws, we may be subject to potential liabilitiesfor “defects” in relation to a contract for sale or work entered into on or before March 31, 2020 or “non-conformityto the contract” in relation to a contract for sale or work entered into on and after April 1, 2020. On April 1, 2020, the ActPartially Amending the Civil Code of Japan (Act No. 89 of 1896, as amended) (the “Civil Code”) came into force andthe provisions of the liability for defect of warranty were wholly amended such that the concept of “defects” was replacedby the concept of “non-conformity to the contract” with clarification of liabilities arising from such non-conformity.

 

Underthe Civil Code, if there is any latent defect or any non-conformity to the contract in the subject matter of a sale or if there is anydefect or any non-conformity to the contract in the subject matter of work performed, the seller or the constructor of buildings or buildinglots is statutorily liable for the defect of warranty or the non-conformity to the contract vis-à-vis the purchaser or the contractee.These statutory liabilities are generally available for one year from (i) the date on which the purchaser becomes aware of the latentdefect or the non-conformity to the contract with respect to the kind or quality, (ii) the time of the delivery of the subject matterof work performed with defects, or (iii) the date on which the contractee becomes aware of the non-conformity to the contract with respectto the kind or quality. In case of non-conformity to the contract, after the above-mentioned partial amendment to the Civil Code, thesestatutory liabilities can be enforced by a cancellation of the underlying sale, by requesting deduction of sale price, by requestingrealization of conformity, or by requesting damages, which may include resale profit. The Real Estate Brokerage Act generally prohibitsreal estate traders, as sellers of buildings or building lots, from modifying these liabilities unfavorably to the purchaser.

 

RegulationsRelating to Real Estate Crowdfunding Business

 

The Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act was enactedin 1995 to protect investors in “real estate specified joint enterprises” and to develop real estate specified joint enterprises.

 

Areal estate specified joint enterprise is a business in which an operator solicits investments from multiple investors through silentpartnership or voluntary partnership agreements, acquires, leases, and manages income-producing real estate with the money collected,and distributes the profits earned through the acquisition to the investors.

 

Prospectivereal estate crowdfunding business will be licensed by the Governor of Tokyo under the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, butthe crowdfunding market is still in its infancy and the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act may be revised in the future. In theevent of any such amendment, we will take immediate action to address the issue. However, if the tightening of regulations due to theamendment of the law has a significant impact on our business operations, it may affect our business activities, financial position,and business performance.

 

Currently,the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act does not service operator’s capital must meet the amount required for licensing,and the service operator must have the necessary financial basis to operate a real estate specified joint enterprise and the human resourcesto properly carry out the business.

 

Theterms and conditions of the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Agreement must meet the criteria. Each office must have a businessmanager who meets specific requirements, including a licensed real estate transaction specialist.

 

Establishinga system for electronic transaction operations so that investors can obtain sufficient information when conducting pre-contractexplanations and concluding contracts over the Internet. The service provider is required to comply with the basic requirements forreal estate specified joint businesses, such as the following. In addition, when changing the workflow or documents to be used, itis necessary to apply to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government each time and obtain permission. If a service provider violates this law,its license will be revoked, and in serious cases, its business will be suspended. Any service provider that violates the RealEstate Specified Joint Enterprise Act will lead to revocation of its license and, in serious cases, shutdown of itsbusiness.

 

RegulationsRelating to Overall Business

 

Thereare various labor-related laws in Japan, including the Labor Standards Act, the Industrial Safety and Health Act, and the Labor ContractsAct. The Labor Standards Act regulates, among others, minimum standards for working conditions such as working hours, leave period, andleave days. The Industrial Safety and Health Act requires, among others, the implementation of measures to secure employee safety andprotect the health of workers in the workplace. The Labor Contracts Act regulates, among others, the change of terms of employment contractsand working rules, and dismissal and disciplinary action. We comply with these regulations.

 

TheAct on the Protection of Personal Information and related guidelines impose various requirements on businesses, including our group companies,that use databases containing personal information, such as appropriate custody of such information and restrictions on information sharingwith third parties. Non-compliance with any order issued by the Personal Information Protection Commission or any other relevant authoritiesto take necessary measures to comply with the law could subject us to criminal and/or administrative sanctions. As a result of recentamendments, anonymously processed information (tokumei kako joho), pseudonymized information (kamei kako joho), and individual-relatedinformation (kojin kanren joho) are subject to the Personal Information Protection Act.

 

LegalProceedings

 

Fromtime to time, we are involved in various legal proceedings arising from the normal course of business activities. We are not presentlya party to any litigation where the outcome of which, we believe, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken togetherhave a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition. Defending such proceedings is costlyand can impose a significant burden on management and employees. The results of any current or future litigation cannot be predictedwith certainty, and regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversionof management resources, and other factors.

 

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MANAGEMENT

 

OurExecutive Officers, Directors, and Corporate Auditors

 

Thefollowing table sets forth the names, ages and positions of our executive officers and members of our board of directors and of our boardof corporate auditors as of the date of this prospectus. The business address of all of persons identified below is 4-10-10-7, Ginza,Chuoku, Tokyo 1040061, Japan.

 

Name   Age   Positions Held
Officers and Directors        
Yoshihiro Koshiba   53   Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Director
         
Hirokazu Tsukahara   38   Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Director
         
Hiroshi Tamura   58   Secretary and Director
         
Hidehiko Goto *   49   Corporate Auditor
         
Akihiro Hayakawa *   46   Corporate Auditor (full-time)
         
Toshikazu Takahashi *   64   Corporate Auditor

 

*Membersof our statutory Board of Corporate Auditors are not members of our Board of Directors.

 

BiographicalInformation

 

Thefollowing is a summary of certain biographical information concerning our executive officers, directors, and corporate auditors.

 

ExecutiveOfficers

 

YoshihiroKoshiba

 

Mr.Koshiba has served as Chief Executive Officer and a director of Metros Development Co., Ltd. since October 2016. Prior to that, he servedas a director of Surftrust Co., from August 2009 to October 2016. Prior to his management career, Mr. Koshiba worked in real estate companies:ReCI Inc, from December 2008 to October 2010, C’s Create. Co., Ltd. from August 1999 to December 2008, and DIA KENSETSU Co., Ltd.from February 1993 to July 1999. Prior to that, Mr. Koshiba worked at DAI-ICHI KANGYO CREDIT COOPERATIVE from April 1991 to December1992. He has a Certificate as a Real Estate Transaction Agent. Mr. Koshiba does not and has not previously served as a directorof any reporting company.

 

HirokazuTsukahara

 

Mr.Tsukahara has served as Chief Financial Officer and a director of Metros Development Co., Ltd. since November 2022. Prior to joiningMetros Development Co., he worked as a Finance Department Manager of LOUIS CORPORATION from June 2022 to November 2022. Before that,Mr. Tsukahara served as a senior partner at Kurosapo Hands-on Consulting from April 2017 to March 2021, CFO at apparel company from April2014 to December 2017, and representative director of Tsukahara Hirokazu Accounting Firm from October 2013 to March 2014. Prior to that,Mr. Tsukahara worked in KPMG TAX CORPORATION from November 2010 to September 2013 and Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited from December2006 to September 2010. He has a certificate as a Japanese Certified Public Accountant and Japanese Certified Tax Accountant. Mr. Tsukaharadoes not and has not previously served as a director of any reporting company.

 

Directors

 

HiroshiTamura

 

Mr.Tamura has served as the Secretary and as a director of Metros Development Co., Ltd. since February 2023 and September 2021, respectively.Since August 2020, Mr. Tamura has worked as a sale staff member of Metros Development Co., Ltd. From April 1998 to August 2020, he alsoserved as the Chief Executive Officer of Green Egg Company, a food management company in the USA. Mr. Tamura does not and has not previouslyserved as a director of any reporting company.

 

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CorporateAuditors

 

HidehikoGoto

 

Mr.Goto has served as Corporate Auditor of Metros Development Co., Ltd since March 2022. He is an Auditor of Ichi Bancho Audit Corporation.He joined Ichi Bancho Audit Corporation in July 2010. Prior to that, he worked as an auditor of Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC fromDecember 2005. Before the auditing career, he worked as a sales representative of KOMATSU MATERE Co., Ltd. from 1998.

 

AkihiroHayakawa

 

Mr.Hayakawa has served as Corporate Auditor of Metros Development Co., Ltd since May 2023. Since March 2022, he has served as a representativedirector of KAME LLC. From July 2019 to March 2022, he served as a director of Waqoo. From January 2019 to May 2019, he served as ChiefFinancial Officer of Kirin Chart System Co., Ltd. From December 2015 to January 2019, he served as a director of SPRIX, Inc.

 

ToshikazuTakahashi

 

Mr.Takahashi has served as Corporate Auditor of Metros Development Co., Ltd since May 2023. He is also a representative director of TakahashiToshikazu Tax Accounting Firm since August 2016. Prior to that, he served as various positions at various offices of National Tax Agencyof Japan from April 1974. He has a certificate as a Japanese Certified Tax Accountant.

 

FamilyRelationships

 

Thereare no family relationships among our directors and executive officers.

 

CorporateGovernance Practices

 

Weare a “foreign private issuer” as defined under the federal securities laws of the United States and the Nasdaq listing standards.Under the federal securities laws of the United States, foreign private issuers are subject to different disclosure requirements thanU.S.-domiciled public companies. We intend to take all actions necessary for us to maintain our status as a foreign private issuer underthe applicable corporate governance requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Exchange Act and other applicable rules adopted by theSEC, and the Nasdaq listing standards. Under the SEC rules and the Nasdaq listing standards, a foreign private issuer is subject to lessstringent corporate governance requirements. Subject to certain exceptions, the SEC and the Nasdaq permit a foreign private issuer tofollow its home country practice in lieu of their respective rules and listing standards. In general, our articles of incorporation andthe Companies Act govern our corporate affairs.

 

Inparticular, as a foreign private issuer, we will follow Japanese law and corporate practice in lieu of the corporate governance provisionsset out under Nasdaq Rule 5600, the requirement in Nasdaq Rule 5250(b)(3) to disclose third party director and nominee compensation,and the requirement in Nasdaq Rule 5250(d) to distribute annual and interim reports. Of particular note, the following rules under NasdaqRule 5600 from Japanese law requirements:

 

  Nasdaq Rule 5605(b)(1) requires that at least a majority of a listed company’s board of directors be independent directors, and Nasdaq Rule 5605(b)(2) requires that independent directors regularly meet in executive session, where only independent directors are present. Under our current corporate structure, the Companies Act does not require independent directors.

 

  Nasdaq Rule 5605(c)(2)(A) requires a listed company to have an audit committee composed entirely of not less than three directors, each of whom must be independent. Under Japanese law, a company may have a statutory auditor or a board of auditors. We have a three-member Board of Corporate Auditors, each member of which will meet the requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. See “—Board of Corporate Auditors” below for additional information.

 

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  Nasdaq Rule 5605(d) requires, among other things, that a listed company’s compensation committee be comprised of at least two members, each of whom is an independent director as defined under such rule. Our board of directors will collectively participate in the discussions and determination of compensation for our executive and directors (subject to the maximum aggregate compensation amount resolved by our shareholders meetings), and other compensation related matters. Likewise, our corporate auditors discuss and determine compensation of each corporate auditor (subject to the maximum aggregate compensation amount resolved by our shareholders meetings) without involvement of our board of directors.

 

  Nasdaq Rule 5605(e) requires that a listed company’s nomination and corporate governance committee be comprised solely of independent directors. Our board of directors will not have a standalone nomination and corporate governance committee. Our board of directors will collectively participate in the nomination process of potential directors and corporate auditors (in the cases of corporate auditors, consent of board of corporate auditors is required) and oversee our corporate governance practices.

 

  Nasdaq Rule 5620(c) provides a one-third quorum requirement applicable to shareholder meetings. In accordance with Japanese law and generally accepted business practices, our articles of incorporation provide that there is no quorum requirement for a general resolution of our shareholders. However, under the Companies Act and our articles of incorporation a quorum of not less than one-third or more of the total number of voting rights is required in connection with the election of directors, corporate auditors and certain other matters.

 

TheCompany intends to avail itself of these exemptions. More specifically, the Company will not have a compensation committee or a nominatingand corporate governance committee. Therefore, for as long as the Company remains a “foreign private issuer,” the Companywill not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of these corporate governance requirements.If at any time the Company ceases to be a “foreign private issuer” under the rules of Nasdaq, the Company intends to availitself of the “controlled company” exception to Nasdaq’s rules.

 

The“controlled company” exception to Nasdaq’s rules provides that a company of which more than 50% of the voting poweris held by an individual, group or another company, a “controlled company,” need not comply with certain requirements ofNasdaq’s corporate governance rules. Following this offering, Yoshihiro Koshiba will control approximately _________% of the votingpower of our outstanding shares if all the ordinary shares being offered are sold. Accordingly, we expect to be a “controlled company”within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of Nasdaq. Under Nasdaq rules, a “controlled company” (which isa company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company) may elect not to comply withcertain Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.

 

Asa “controlled company,” we may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance standards, including the requirements:(1) that a majority of our board of directors consist of independent directors; (2) that our board of directors have a compensation committeethat is comprised entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities;and (3) that our board of directors have a nominating and corporate governance committee that is comprised entirely of independent directorswith a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities. For so long as we qualify as a controlled company,we may take advantage of these exemptions. Accordingly, our shareholders may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders ofcompanies that are subject to all of these corporate governance requirements.

 

Inthe event that we cease to be a “foreign private issuer” under the rules of Nasdaq and cease to be a “controlled company”and our ordinary shares continue to be listed on the Nasdaq, the Company’s Board of Directors will take all action necessary tocomply with the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq, including, but not limited to, establishing certain committees composed entirelyof independent directors, subject to a permitted “phase-in” period.

 

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Boardof Directors

 

Ourboard of directors has the ultimate responsibility for the administration of our affairs. Our board of directors meets no less than onceevery three months. Under the Companies Act and our articles of incorporation, our Company shall have no more than ten directors on ourboard of directors. Our board of directors is currently comprised of three directors. Directors are typically nominated at the boardlevel and are elected at general meetings of the shareholders. The term of office of any director expires at the close of the ordinarygeneral meeting of shareholders held with respect to the last fiscal year ended within two years after such director’s electionto office. Our directors may, however, serve any number of consecutive terms.

 

Ourboard of directors appoints from among its members one or more representative directors, who serve as head administrator(s) over ourCompany’s affairs and represent our Company in accordance with the resolutions of our board of directors. Our board of directorsmay appoint from among its members a chairman, a president or one or more deputy presidents, senior managing directors, or managing directors.

 

Underour Company’s current corporate structure, the Companies Act does not require our board of directors to have any independent directors.Our board of directors is currently comprised of three directors, all of whom (Yoshihiro Koshiba, Hirokazu Tsukahara, and Hiroshi Tamura)are considered non-independent.

 

Boardof Corporate Auditors

 

Aspermitted under the Companies Act, we have elected to structure our corporate governance system as a company with a separate board ofcorporate auditors instead of an audit committee of our board of directors. Our articles of incorporation provide for no more than fivecorporate auditors. Corporate auditors are typically nominated at the board level and are elected at general meetings of shareholdersby a majority of shareholders entitled to vote, where a quorum is established by shareholders holding one-third or more of the votingrights of those who are entitled to vote are present at the shareholders’ meeting. The normal term of office of any corporate auditorexpires at the close of the annual general meeting of shareholders held with respect to the last fiscal year ended within four yearsafter such corporate auditor’s election to office. Our corporate auditors may, however, serve any number of consecutive terms.Corporate auditors may be removed by a special resolution of a general meeting of shareholders.

 

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Ourcorporate auditors are not required to be certified public accountants. Our corporate auditors may not concurrently serve as directors,employees or accounting advisors (kaikei sanyo) of our Company or any of our subsidiaries or serve as corporate officers of oursubsidiaries. Under the Companies Act, at least one-half of the corporate auditors of a company must be persons who satisfy the requirementsfor an outside corporate auditor under the Companies Act, and at least one of the corporate auditors must be a full-time corporate auditor.

 

Thefunction of our board of corporate auditors and each corporate auditor is similar to that of independent directors, including those whoare members of the audit committee of a U.S. public company. Each corporate auditor has a statutory duty to supervise the administrationby the directors of our affairs, to examine our financial statements and business reports to be submitted by a representative directorat the general meetings of shareholders, and to prepare an audit report. Our corporate auditors are obligated to participate in meetingsof our board of directors and, if necessary, to express their opinion at such meetings, but are not entitled to vote. Our corporate auditorsmust inspect the proposals, documents and any other materials to be submitted by our board of directors to the shareholders at the shareholders’meeting. If a corporate auditor finds a violation of statutory regulations or our articles of incorporation, or another significant impropermatter, such auditor must report those findings to the shareholders at the shareholders’ meeting.

 

Furthermore,if a corporate auditor believes that a director has engaged in, or is likely to engage in, misconduct or acts that are significantlyimproper, or that there has been a violation of statutory regulations or our articles of incorporation, the corporate auditor: (i) mustreport that fact to our board of directors; (ii) can demand that a director convene a meeting of our board of directors; and (iii) ifno such meeting is convened in response to the demand, can convene the meeting under the corporate auditor’s own authority. Ifa director engages in, or is likely to engage in, an activity outside the scope of the objectives of our Company or otherwise in violationof laws or regulations or our articles of incorporation, and such act is likely to cause significant damage to our Company, then a corporateauditor can demand that the director cease such activity.

 

Ourboard of corporate auditors has a statutory duty to prepare an audit report based on the audit reports issued by the individual corporateauditors and, in the case of audit reports related to financial statements, the independent auditors of our Company each year, and submitsuch audit reports to a relevant director. A corporate auditor may note an opinion in an audit report issued by our board of corporateauditors, if the opinion expressed in such corporate auditor’s individual audit report is different from the opinion expressedin the audit report issued by our board of corporate auditors. Our board of corporate auditors is empowered to establish the audit principles,the method of examination by our corporate auditors of our affairs and financial position, and any other matters relating to the performanceof our corporate auditors’ duties.

 

Additionally,our corporate auditors must represent our Company in: (i) any litigation between our Company and a director; (ii) dealing with shareholders’demands seeking a director’s liability to our Company; and (iii) dealing with notices of litigation and settlement in a derivativesuit seeking a director’s liability to our Company. A corporate auditor can file court actions relating to our Company within theauthority of our corporate auditors, such as an action to nullify the incorporation of our Company, the issuance of shares, or a merger,or to cancel a resolution at a shareholders’ meeting.

 

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Differencesin Corporate Governance from Nasdaq Capital Market Listing Rules

 

Companieslisted on the Nasdaq Capital Market must comply with certain standards regarding corporate governance under Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq ListingRules. However, listed companies that are foreign private issuers, such as we will be, are permitted to follow home country practicein lieu of certain provisions of Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq Listing Rules.

 

Thefollowing table shows the significant differences between the corporate governance practices followed by U.S. listed companies underRule 5605 of the Nasdaq Listing Rules and those followed by Metros.

 

Corporate Governance Practices

Followed by Nasdaq-listed U.S. Companies

 

Corporate Governance Practices

Followed by Metros

1. A Nasdaq-listed U.S. company must have a majority of directors meeting the independence requirements under Rule 5605(a)(2) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules.  

For Japanese companies, including Metros, which employ a corporate governance system based on a board of corporate auditors (the board of corporate auditor system), the Companies Act of Japan (the Companies Act) has no independence requirement with respect to directors. The task of overseeing management and independent auditors is assigned to the members of the board of corporate auditors, who are separate from Metros’ management.

 

All members of the board of corporate auditors must meet certain independence requirements under the Companies Act.

 

For Japanese companies with a board of corporate auditors, including Metros, at least half of the members of such board must be “outside” corporate auditors. Such “outside” corporate auditors of the board of corporate auditors must meet additional independence requirements under the Companies Act. An “outside” corporate auditor of the board of corporate auditors means a member of the board of corporate auditors who, among other things, (i) has not been a director or employee, including a manager, of Metros or any of its subsidiaries within 10 years prior to assuming the position of a member of the board of corporate auditors, (ii) (in case of a person who has formerly served as a member of the board of corporate auditors of Metros or any of its subsidiaries within 10 years prior to assuming the position of a member of the board of corporate auditors) has not been a director or employee, including a manager, of Metros or any of its subsidiaries within 10 years prior to assuming such former position of a member of the board of corporate auditors and (iii) is not currently spouse or relative within two degrees of a director or important employee, including a manager, of Metros.

 

As of ______, 2023, Metros had three members of the board of corporate auditors, all of whom were “outside” members of the board of corporate auditors.

 

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Corporate Governance Practices

Followed by Nasdaq-listed U.S. Companies

 

Corporate Governance Practices

Followed by Metros

   
2. A Nasdaq-listed U.S. company must have an audit committee composed entirely of independent directors, and the audit committee must have at least three members.  

Metros employs the board of corporate auditor system as described above. Under this system, the board of corporate auditors is a legally separate and independent body from the board of directors. The main function of the board of corporate auditors is similar to that of independent directors, including those who are members of the audit committee of a U.S. company: to monitor the performance of the directors, and review and express opinions on the method of auditing by Metros’ independent auditors and on such independent auditors’ audit reports, for the protection of Metros’ shareholders.

 

As of ______, 2023, Metros had three members of the board of corporate auditors. Each member of the board of corporate auditors serves a four-year term of office. In contrast, the term of office of each director of Metros is two years.

 

With respect to the requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934 relating to listed company audit committees, Metros relies on an exemption under that rule which is available to foreign private issuers with board of corporate auditors meeting certain requirements.

   
3. A Nasdaq-listed U.S. company must have a nominating/corporate governance committee composed of entirely independent directors and the compensation committee must have at least two members.   Metros’ directors are elected at a general meeting of shareholders. Its board of directors does not have the power to fill vacancies thereon. The members of the board of corporate auditors are also elected at a general meeting of shareholders of Metros. A proposal by Metros’ board of directors to elect a member to the board of corporate auditors must be approved by a resolution of its board of corporate auditors. The board of corporate auditors is empowered to adopt a resolution requesting that Metros’ directors submit a proposal for election of a member of the board of corporate auditors to a general meeting of shareholders. The members of the board of corporate auditors have the right to state their opinions concerning election of a member of the board of corporate auditors at the general meeting of shareholders.

 

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Corporate Governance Practices

Followed by Nasdaq-listed U.S. Companies

 

Corporate Governance Practices

Followed by Metros

4. A Nasdaq-listed U.S. company must have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors and the compensation committee must have at least three members. Compensation committee members must satisfy the additional independence requirements under Rule 5605(d)(2)(A) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules.

 

A compensation committee must also have authority to retain or obtain the advice compensation and other advisers, subject to prescribed independence criteria that the committee must consider prior to engaging any such adviser.

 

The total amount of compensation for Metros’ directors and the total amount of compensation for the members of the Metros’ board of corporate auditors are proposed to, and voted upon by, a general meeting of shareholders. Once the proposal for each of such total amount of compensation is approved at the general meeting of shareholders, each of the board of directors and board of corporate auditors allocates the respective total amount among its respective members.

 

There are no procedural or disclosure requirements with respect to the use of compensation to consultants, independent legal counsel or other advisors.

 

RiskManagement

 

Oneof the key functions of our board of directors is informed oversight of our risk management process. Our board of directors has a standingrisk management committee. In particular, our risk management committee is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure,including risks associated with cybersecurity and data protection, and our board of corporate auditors is responsible for overseeingand evaluating our major financial risk exposures and the steps our management has taken to monitor and control these exposures, includingguidelines and policies to govern the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken. Our board of corporate auditorsalso reviews legal, regulatory and compliance matters that could have a significant impact on our financial statements. While each standingcommittee of our board of directors will be responsible for evaluating certain risks and overseeing the management of such risks, ourentire board of directors will be regularly informed through committee reports about such risks.

 

Codeof Business Conduct

 

Followingthe consummation of this offering, our board of directors will adopt a written code of business conduct that applies to our directors,corporate auditors, officers, and employees (including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accountingofficer or controller, and other persons performing similar functions), and our agents.

 

Limitationof Liability of Directors and Corporate Auditors

 

Inaccordance with our articles of incorporation, and pursuant to the provisions of Article 427 of the Companies Act, we are authorizedto enter into agreements with corporate auditors, to limit his or her liability to our Company for any losses or damages arising fromthe conduct specified under Article 423 of the Companies Act; provided, that, the amount of such limited liability is the amount stipulatedin applicable laws and regulations, whichever is higher. We have entered into limited liability agreement with corporate auditors.

 

Ourarticles of incorporation include limitation of liability provisions for independent directors and corporate auditors, pursuant to whichour board of directors can authorize our Company to exempt the independent directors and corporate auditors from liabilities arisingin connection with any failure to execute their respective duties in good faith or due to simple negligence (excluding gross negligenceand willful misconduct), within the limits stipulated by applicable laws and regulations, including Article 426, Paragraph 1 of the CompaniesAct.

 

Compensationof our Executive Officers, Directors and Corporate Auditors

 

Remunerationto our executive officers is comprised of base compensation. In the fiscal year ended November 30, 2022, we paid an aggregate of approximately$194,310 to our executive officers who were paid over $100,000 in 2022, namely Mr. Yoshihiro Koshiba. In the fiscal year endedNovember 30, 2021, we paid an aggregate of approximately $209,174 to our executive officers who were paid over $100,000 in 2021,namely Mr. Yoshihiro Koshiba. The Company did not grant any stock options or warrants to employees except for a warrant granted to HirokazuTsukahara and did not provide discretionary bonuses during the fiscal years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021. We have not set aside pension,retirement, or other benefits for our executive officers. On November 1, 2022, the Company granted 980,000 warrants to HirokazuTsukahara in exchange for services rendered related to this offering. This warrant was terminated upon the issuance of the stockacquisition rights to Hirokazu Tsukahara and one employee as of June 23, 2023. The Company granted 900,000 stock acquisition rights toHirokazu Tsukahara and 80,000 stock acquisition rights to Eiko Hanyu, an employee. The stock acquisition right is exercisable after thecompletion of IPO and under the condition that board of directors approve right holders have made sufficient contributions to the businesswith an exercise price of ¥241($1.73) per common share.

 

Inaccordance with the Companies Act and our articles of incorporation, the amount of compensation for our directors and corporate auditorsis decided by first setting the maximum amount of total compensation for all of our directors and corporate auditors through a resolutionadopted by our shareholders at a shareholders meeting. The representative director authorized by our board of directors and our boardof directors then decide on the amount of compensation for each director based on certain criteria established by our Company, and theamount of compensation for each corporate auditor is decided through discussions among the corporate auditors.

 

Theamount of compensation for executive officers, excluding directors, is determined by the Board of Directors.

 

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Thefollowing table summarizes the total amount of remuneration paid to our directors and corporate auditors in fiscal year 2022, includingby the type of remuneration and the number of persons in each category.

 

(except stock options and number

ofpersons in category)

Category of directors and corporate auditors

 

Total

amountof

remuneration

  

Base

compensation

  

Number of

persons

incategory

 
Directors(1)  $231,938   $231,938         3 
Outside corporate auditors(2)  $3,470   $3,470    2 

 

(1)Consist of Messrs. Yoshihiro Koshiba, Hiroshi Tamura, and Akio Hikiba. Mr. Hirokazu Tsukahara is not included due to his appointmentto director on November 16, 2022.

 

(2)Consist of Mr. Hidehiko Goto and Mr. Tomoya Matsui. Mr. Akihiro Hayakawa and Mr. Toshikazu Takahashi are not included due to their appointmentto corporate auditor on May 19, 2023.

 

StockAcquisition Right

 

From2013 to the timing of this filing, the Company granted stock acquisition rights for the purchase of shares of the Company’s commonshares approved by its shareholders four times as shown in the table below.

 

Issue name  Issue Date  Expiration date 

Exercise price

(Per share)

  

Common shares

(Grant Number)

 
Batch 1 (1)  6/23/2023  6/30/2033  $0.01    735,000 
Batch 2 (2)  6/23/2023  6/23/2033  $1.73    980,000 
Batch 3 (3)  6/23/2023  6/23/2033  $1.73    6,100,000 
Batch 4 (4)  6/23/2023  6/23/2033  $1.73    1,200,000 

 

  (1) On June 23, 2023, the Company allotted 735,000 stock acquisition rights to HeartCore in exchange for services rendered as a consultant in connection with the proposed initial public offering of the Company under grants authorized by our shareholders and directors in substitution for the New Warrant executed as of October 26, 2022 between the Company and HeartCore. The stock acquisition right is exercisable from July 1, 2023 to June 30, 2033 upon the condition that the IPO has been completed. The stock acquisition right has an exercise price of ¥1($0.01) per common share.

 

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  (2) On November 1, 2022, the Company allotted 980,000 warrants to Hirokazu Tsukahara in exchange for services rendered related to this offering. This warrant was terminated upon the issuance of the stock acquisition rights to Hirokazu Tsukahara and Eiko Hanyu as of June 23, 2023. The Company allotted 900,000 stock acquisition rights to Hirokazu Tsukahara and 80,000 stock acquisition rights to Eiko Hanyu. The stock acquisition right is exercisable from September 1, 2023 to June 23, 2033 upon the conditions that the IPO has been completed and that the board of directors approves right holders have made sufficient contributions to the business with an exercise price of ¥241($1.73) per common share.

 

  (3) On June 23, 2023, the Company allotted 6,100,000 stock acquisition rights to one director and employees. The stock acquisition rights have all of the following vesting and exercise conditions with an exercise price of ¥241($1.73) per common share:

 

  a. After the completion of IPO;

 

  b. From June 24, 2025 to June 23, 2033;

 

  c. Consolidated revenues for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 or after exceeding ¥85 billion ($610.15 million) after the audit on the functional currency basis before the translation into the reporting currency basis in accordance with the US GAAP; and

 

  d. The total exercise payment made by the right holders is not more than ¥12 million ($86.14 thousand) during each calendar year.

 

  (4) On June 23, 2023, the Company allotted 1,200,000 stock acquisition rights to its business partners. The stock acquisition rights have all of the following exercise conditions with an exercise price of ¥241($1.73) per common share:

 

  a. After the completion of IPO;

 

  b. From September 1, 2023 to June 23, 2033; and

 

  c. Consolidated revenues for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 or after exceeding ¥85 billion ($610.15 million) after the audit on the functional currency basis before the translation into the reporting currency basis in accordance with the US GAAP.

 

  (5) Of the stock acquisition rights granted as per the above table, stock acquisition rights to acquire 9,015,000 shares of the Company’s common shares remain outstanding at the timing of the filing.

 

Thebalance of stock acquisition rights with respect to common shares granted to the directors of the Company is as follows:

 

Name  Date of grant  Exercise Period Start Date  Exercise Period End Date  Exercise Price (Per share)   Stock Acquisition Rights Tab. Grant Total   Stock Acquisition Rights Tab. To be the basis Normal Shares Total 
Batch 2  6/23/2023  9/1/2023  6/23/2033  $1.73    900,000    900,000 
Batch 3  6/23/2023  6/24/2025  6/23/2033  $1.73    60,200    60,200 

 

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PRINCIPALSHAREHOLDERS

 

Thefollowing table and accompanying footnotes set forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common shares,immediately prior to and immediately after the completion of this offering, by:

 

  each of our named executive officers, directors, and corporate auditors;
     
  all of our named executive officers, directors, and corporate auditors as a group; and
     
  each person or entity (or group of affiliated persons or entities) known by us to be the beneficial owner of 5% or more of our common shares.

 

Toour knowledge, each shareholder named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to all of our common shares shownas “beneficially owned” (as determined by the rules of the SEC) by such shareholder, except as otherwise set forth in thefootnotes to the table. The SEC has defined “beneficial” ownership of a security to mean the possession, directly or indirectly,of voting power and/or investment power.

 

Thepercentages reflect beneficial ownership (as determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) immediately prior to, andimmediately after, the completion of this offering. Shares immediately prior to the completion of this offering are based on 49,000,000common shares outstanding. Shares immediately following the completion of this offering are based on the shares immediately prior tothe completion of this offering and an assumed offering of _______ common shares at an offering price of $____ per common share,assuming no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional common shares from us in this offering.

 

Exceptas noted in the footnotes to the table below, the address for all of the shareholders in the table below is c/o Metros Development Co.,Ltd., 4-10-10-7, Ginza, Chuoku, Tokyo 1040061, Japan.

 

  

Common Shares

Beneficially Owned

Immediately Prior to this

Offering(1)

  

Common Shares

Beneficially Owned

Immediately After this

Offering(1)

 
Name of Beneficial Owner  Shares   Percentage   Shares   Percentage 
Named Executive Officers, Directors, and Corporate Auditors:                    
Yoshihiro Koshiba (2)   35,000,000    71.43%                  %
Hirokazu Tsukahara   -    -%         %
Hiroshi Tamura   -    -%         %
Akihiro Hayakawa   -    -%         %
Hidehiko Goto   -    -%         %
Toshikazu Takahashi   -    -%         %
                     
All named executive officers, directors, and corporate auditors as a group six persons   35,000,000    71.43%         %
5% or more Shareholders:                    
K-ASSET Co., Ltd. (2)   30,000,000    61.22%         %

 

*Represents less than 1% of the number of common shares outstanding.

 

(1)Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act. A person is deemed to be the beneficial ownerof any common shares if that person has or shares voting power or investment power with respect to those shares or has the right to acquirebeneficial ownership at any time within 60 days.

 

(2)Represents: (i) 5,000,000 common shares directly beneficially owned by Yoshihiro Koshiba; and (ii) 30,000,000 common shares held by K-AssetCo., Ltd., which is 100% owned by Yoshihiro Koshiba, our Chief Executive Officer. As Yoshihiro Koshiba has sole voting and dispositivepower over these common shares, thus is deemed to be the beneficial owner of these common shares.

 

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CERTAINRELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

Transactionswith Related Parties

 

Therelated parties had material transactions for the years ended November 30, 2022, 2021 and 2020 consist of the following:

 

Name of Related Party   Nature of Relationship at November 30, 2022
Nagata Co., Ltd.   A company significantly influenced by the Company
Sanae Kobayashi   Director of Royal House
Yoshihiro Koshiba   CEO of the Company

 

Asof November 30, 2022, 2021 and 2020, loan receivables due from a related party, which were included in other assets in the consolidatedfinancial statements, are as follows:

 

   November 30,   November 30,   November 30, 
Loan receivables due from related party  2022   2021   2020 
Sanae Kobayashi  Loan receivables  $602,674   $800,413   $908,848 

 

SanaeKobayashi, director of Royal House, borrowed funds from the Company to purchase condominiums. As of November 30, 2022, 2021 and 2020,the Company had loan receivables of $602,674, $800,413 and $908,848, respectively from Sanae Kobayashi and she repaid $51,386, $38,927and $52,997, respectively, to the Company during the year then ended. Interest income generated from this related party amountedto $7,621, $9,944 and $13,034 for the years ended November 30, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

 

Accountsand other payables to a related party as of November 30, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

 

   November 30,   November 30,   November 30, 
Accounts and other payables to related party  2022   2021   2020 
Nagata Co., Ltd.
  Consulting service provided by related party  $25,841,648   $17,664,724   $         - 

 

Weentered into a partnership agreement with Nagata Co., Ltd. on April 15, 2021. The purpose of this agreement is to acceleratethe Company’s growth by receiving advice on sales and purchases strategies based on Nagata Co., Ltd.’s expertise.Their advice is mainly regarding which area to approach and how much the sales price should be. Compensation to Nagata Co., Ltd. iscalculated according to their contribution with a cap of 6% of our sales. Compensation to Nagata Co., Ltd. is determined atthe end of November, the month in which our fiscal year ends. The unpaid compensation fees as of the year end are included in accountsand other payable.

 

Loanfrom a related party, which was included in bank and other borrowings in the consolidated financial statements, as of November30, 2022, 2021 and 2020, is as follows:

 

    November 30,     November 30,   November 30,
Loan from related party   2022     2021     2020

Nagata Co., Ltd.

Loan payable   $ 3,589   $ 4,416   $ -

 

TheCompany borrowed $Nil, $4,587 and $Nil, respectively, from Nagata Co., Ltd. and repaid $Nil during the years ended November 30, 2022,2021 and 2020. The balance was unsecured, non-interest bearing and due on demand.

 

Otherincome generated from a related party for the years ended November 30, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:

 

   For the Years Ended 
   November 30, 
Other income from related party  2022   2021   2020 
Nagata Co., Ltd.  Other income  $77,107   $91,743   $- 

 

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Thisother income from a related party is consulting fees from Nagata Co., Ltd. The Company and Nagata Co., Ltd. were consideringjointly developing a resort, and Nagata Co., Ltd asked the Company to conduct an initial feasibility study of the project, for whichthe Company received consulting fees.

 

Selling,general and administrative expenses incurred with a related party for the years ended November 30, 2022, 2021, and 2020 are asfollows:

 

   For the Years Ended 
   November 30, 
Expenses with related party  2022   2021   2020 
Nagata Co., Ltd.  Consulting fees  $25,235,001   $16,680,567   $- 

 

Weentered into a partnership agreement with Nagata Co., Ltd., an entity significantly influenced by us on April 15, 2021. The purposeof this agreement is to accelerate the Company’s growth by receiving advice on sales and purchases strategies based on their expertise.Their advice is mainly regarding which area to approach and how much the sales price should be. Compensation to Nagata Co., Ltd. iscalculated according to their contribution with a cap of 6% of our sales. Compensation to Nagata Co., Ltd. is determined atthe end of November, the month in which our fiscal year ends.

 

Referto Note 6, 7, 8, 11 and 13 to the audited consolidated financial statements for additional details regarding the related party transactions.

 

Therelated parties had material transactions for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 consist of the following:

 

Name of Related Party   Nature of Relationship at May 31, 2023
Nagata Co., Ltd.   A company significantly influenced by the Company
Sanae Kobayashi   Director of Royal House
Yoshihiro Koshiba   CEO of the Company
Metros Development Holdings Inc.   A company 100% controlled by the CEO of the Company

 

Asof May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, loan receivables due from related parties, which were included in other assets in the unauditedconsolidated financial statements, are as follows:

 

   May 31,   November 30, 
Loan receivables due from related parties  2023   2022 
Sanae Kobayashi  Loan receivables  $303,012   $602,674 
Metros Development Holdings Inc.  Loan receivables   7,753    - 

 

SanaeKobayashi, director of Royal House, borrowed funds from the Company to purchase condominiums. During the six months ended May 31, 2023and 2022, Sanae Kobayashi borrowed $Nil from the Company, and repaid $310,869 and $37,845, respectively, to the Company. Interest incomegenerated from this related party amounted to $449 and $1,141 for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

MetrosDevelopment Holdings Inc., which is 100% controlled by the CEO of the Company, borrowed funds from the Company for working capital purpose.During the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, Metros Development Holdings Inc. borrowed $8,098 and $Nil from the Company, respectively,and repaid $Nil to the Company.

 

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Accountsand other payables to a related party as of May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022 are as follows:

 

   May 31,   November 30, 
Accounts and other payables to related party  2023   2022 
Nagata Co., Ltd.  Consulting service provided by related party  $36,029,225   $25,841,648 

 

Weentered into a partnership agreement with Nagata Co., Ltd., an entity significantly influenced by us on April 15, 2021. The purposeof this agreement is to accelerate the Company’s growth by receiving advice on sales and purchases strategies based on their expertise.Their advice is mainly regarding which area to approach and how much the sales price should be. Compensation to Nagata Co., Ltd. iscalculated according to their contribution with a cap of 6% of our sales. Compensation to Nagata Co., Ltd. is determined atthe end of November, the month in which our fiscal year ends. The unpaid compensation fees for the year are included in accounts andother payable.

 

Loanfrom a related party, which was included in bank and other borrowings in the unaudited consolidated financial statements, as of May 31,2023 and November 30, 2022, is as follows:

 

   May 31,   November 30, 
Loan from related party  2023   2022 
Nagata Co., Ltd.  Loan payable  $3,577   $3,589 

 

Asof May 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had loan payables of $3,577 and $3,589, respectively to Nagata Co., Ltd., an entity significantlyinfluenced by us, for the working capital purpose of Metros Resort LLC. The balance was unsecured, non-interest bearing and due on demand.

 

Otherincome generated from a related party for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

 

   For the Six Months Ended 
   May 31, 
Other income from related party  2023   2022 
Nagata Co., Ltd.  Other income  $17,628   $- 

 

Forthe six months ended May 31, 2023, the Company recognized $17,628, which are consulting fees from Nagata Co., Ltd.,as other income. The Company and Nagata Co., Ltd. were considering jointly developing a resort, and Nagata Co., Ltd asked theCompany to conduct an initial feasibility study of the project, for which the Company received consulting fees.

 

Selling,general and administrative expenses incurred with a related party for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

 

   For the Six Months Ended 
   May 31, 
Expenses with related party  2023   2022 
Nagata Co., Ltd.  Consulting fee  $15,869,285   $14,995,387 

 

Weentered into a partnership agreement with Nagata Co., Ltd., an entity significantly influenced by us on April 15, 2021. The purposeof this agreement is to accelerate the Company’s growth by receiving advice on sales and purchases strategies based on their expertise.Their advice is mainly regarding which area to approach and how much the sales price should be. Compensation to Nagata Co., Ltd. iscalculated according to their contribution with a cap of 6% of our sales.

 

Referto Note 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 13 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional details regarding the related party transactions.

 

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DESCRIPTIONOF SHARE CAPITAL

 

Thefollowing is a summary of the material terms of our capital stock and our articles of incorporation, including a summary of the relevantprovisions of applicable share handling regulations, of the Companies Act and the Act on Book-Entry Transfer of Company Bonds, Shares,etc. of Japan (Shasai Kabushiki tou no Furikae ni kansuru Houritsu) (Act No. 75 of 2001, as amended) (including regulations promulgatedthereunder, the “Book-Entry Act”) relating to joint-stock corporations (kabushiki kaisha), and of certain related laws andlegislation, each as currently in effect. Because it is a summary, this discussion should be read together with our articles of incorporationand the applicable share handling regulations.

 

Weare a joint-stock corporation incorporated in Japan under the Companies Act. The rights of our shareholders are represented by our commonshares as described below, and our shareholders’ liability is limited to the amount of their respective holdings in such shares.

 

Descriptionof Our Share Capital

 

Asof September 26, 2023, our authorized capital stock consisted of 196,000,000 common shares, and there were 49,000,000 common shares outstanding.As of September 26, 2023, our total registered capital was $469,439. As of September 26, 2023, there were approximately 29 record holdersof our common shares.

 

Basedupon the assumed offer and sale of _________ common shares in this offering at an initial public offering price of $____ per share(which is the low-end of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), following this offering, there will be _________common shares outstanding.

 

Allcurrently outstanding common shares are fully-paid and non-assessable.

 

Changesin Capital

 

Underour articles of incorporation, any changes in capital, such as a share issuance, stock split, consolidation of shares, or issuance ofshare options, among others, require a majority vote of our common shareholders, as described under “—Voting Rights andShareholder Meetings” below.

 

VotingRights and Shareholder Meetings

 

Ourarticles of incorporation provide that each annual meeting of our shareholders must be held within three months after the end of eachfiscal year. Our fiscal year ends on November 30, and therefore, we must hold our annual shareholders’ meeting by the end of Februaryof each following year. In addition, shareholders meetings to consider and vote on extraordinary matters may be held as necessary, providedthat we satisfy all of the procedural requirements under both our articles of incorporation and the Companies Act.

 

Ourcommon shares allocate one vote per share at shareholders’ meetings. Our articles of incorporation provide for a simple majorityapproval on most matters submitted for shareholder vote, unless otherwise required by laws or regulations. As required by law, and asreferenced in our articles of incorporation, a two-thirds majority approval is required for any votes on matters specified in Article309, Paragraph (2) of the Companies Act, which cover, in relevant part, treasury stock purchases, purchases of an entire class of shares,and stock consolidations. Any amendment to our articles of incorporation must be approved by our shareholders at a shareholders’meeting.

 

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Pre-EmptiveRights

 

Holdersof common shares have no pre-emptive rights under our articles of incorporation.

 

DividendRights

 

Wemay issue dividends upon a resolution of our common shareholders. Although we have paid dividends to shareholders in the past, the paymentof future dividends on our common shares, if any, will be approved by our common shareholders at the annual meeting of the shareholders,or our board of directors only once during a business year, and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, cash requirementsand surplus, financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our common shareholders may deem relevant, includingretaining future earnings, if any, for reinvestment in the development and expansion of our business.

 

Underthe Companies Act, we may distribute surplus up to the excess of the aggregate of (a) and (b) below, less the aggregate of (c) through(f) below, as of the effective date of such distribution, if our net assets are not less than ¥3,000,000:

 

  (a) the amount of surplus, as described below;
     
  (b) in the event that extraordinary financial statements as of, or for a period from the beginning of the fiscal year to, the specified date are approved, the aggregate amount of (i) the aggregate amount as provided for by an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice as the net income for such period described in the statement of income constituting the extraordinary financial statements, and (ii) the amount of consideration that we received for the treasury shares that we disposed of during such period;
     
  (c) the book value of our treasury shares;
     
  (d) in the event that we disposed of treasury shares after the end of the previous fiscal year, the amount of consideration that we received for such treasury shares;
     
  (e) in the event described in (b) in this paragraph, the aggregate amount as provided for by an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice as the net loss for such period described in the statement of income constituting the extraordinary financial statements; and
     
  (f) certain other amounts set forth in the ordinances of the Ministry of Justice, including (if the sum of one-half of goodwill and the deferred assets exceeds the total of share capital, additional paid-in capital and legal earnings reserve, each such amount as it appears on the balance sheet as of the end of the previous fiscal year) all or a certain part of such excess amount as calculated in accordance with the ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.

 

Forthe purposes of this section, the amount of “surplus” is the excess of the aggregate of (I) through (IV) below, less theaggregate of (V) through (VII) below:

 

  (I) the aggregate of other capital surplus and other retained earnings at the end of the previous fiscal year;

 

  (II) in the event that we disposed of treasury shares after the end of the previous fiscal year, the difference between the book value of such treasury shares and the consideration that we received for such treasury shares;

 

  (III) in the event that we reduced our share capital after the end of the previous fiscal year, the amount of such reduction less the portion thereof that has been transferred to additional paid-in capital and/or legal earnings reserve (if any);

 

  (IV) in the event that we reduced additional paid-in capital and/or legal earnings reserve after the end of the previous fiscal year, the amount of such reduction less the portion thereof that has been transferred to share capital (if any);

 

  (V) in the event that we cancelled treasury shares after the end of the previous fiscal year, the book value of such treasury shares;

 

  (VI) in the event that we distributed surplus after the end of the previous fiscal year, the aggregate of the following amounts:

 

  (1) the aggregate amount of the book value of the distributed assets, excluding the book value of such assets that would be distributed to shareholders but for their exercise of the right to receive dividends in cash instead of dividends in kind;

 

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  (2) the aggregate amount of cash distributed to shareholders who exercised the right to receive dividends in cash instead of dividends in kind; and

 

  (3) the aggregate amount of cash paid to shareholders holding fewer shares than the shares that were required in order to receive dividends in kind;

 

  (VII) the aggregate amounts of (1) through (4) below, less (5) and (6) below:

 

  (1) in the event that the amount of surplus was reduced and transferred to additional paid-in capital, legal earnings reserve and/or share capital after the end of the previous fiscal year, the amount so transferred;

 

  (2) in the event that we distributed surplus after the end of the previous fiscal year, the amount set aside in additional paid-in capital and/or legal earnings reserve;

 

  (3) in the event that we disposed of treasury shares in the process of (x) a merger in which we acquired all rights and obligations of a company, (y) a corporate split in which we acquired all or a part of the rights and obligations of a split company, or (z) a share exchange (kabushiki kokan) in which we acquired all shares of a company after the end of the previous fiscal year, the difference between the book value of such treasury shares and the consideration that we received for such treasury shares;

 

  (4) in the event that the amount of surplus was reduced in the process of a corporate split in which we transferred all or a part of our rights and obligations after the end of the previous fiscal year, the amount so reduced;

 

  (5) in the event of (x) a merger in which we acquired all rights and obligations of a company, (y) a corporate split in which we acquired all or a part of the rights and obligations of a split company, or (z) a share exchange in which we acquired all shares of a company after the end of the previous fiscal year, the aggregate amount of (i) the amount of the other capital surplus after such merger, corporate split or share exchange, less the amount of other capital surplus before such merger, corporate split or share exchange, and (ii) the amount of the other retained earnings after such merger, corporate split or share exchange, less the amount of other retained earnings before such merger, corporate split or share exchange; and

 

  (6) in the event that an obligation to cover a deficiency, such as the obligation of a person who subscribed newly issued shares with an unfair amount to be paid in, was fulfilled after the end of the previous fiscal year, the amount of other capital surplus increased by such payment.

 

InJapan, the “ex-dividend” date and the record date for any distribution of surplus come before the date a company determinesthe amount of distribution of surplus to be paid.

 

LiquidationRights

 

Inaccordance with the Companies Act, liquidations must be approved by common shareholders holding at least a two-thirds majority of theshares present at a meeting where a quorum of one-third of the issued and outstanding shares with voting rights is present.

 

TransferAgent

 

UnderArticle 8 of our articles of incorporation, we are required to have a shareholder registry administrator. The shareholder registryadministrator and the shareholder registry administrator’s location for handling share-related affairs must be determined pursuantto a resolution of our board of directors. The preparation and keeping of the register of shareholders and the register of stock acquisitionrights of the Company and other administrative affairs relating to the register of shareholders and the register of stock acquisitionrights shall be entrusted to shareholder registry administrator, and such administrative affairs shall not be handled by the Companyunless it is deemed necessary by the Company. The current shareholder registry administrator for our Company is Computershare TrustCompany, N.A.

 

Limitationson Liability

 

Ourarticles of incorporation permit us to exempt, by resolution of our board of directors, corporate auditors from liabilities arising inconnection with their failure to execute their duties in good faith (but without gross negligence), to the fullest extent permitted bythe Companies Act. In addition, our articles of incorporation permit us to exempt, by resolution of our board of directors, directorsfrom liabilities arising in connection with any failure to execute their duties in good faith or due to simple negligence (excludinggross negligence and willful misconduct), to the fullest extent permitted by the Companies Act. Should our board of directors, exempta corporate auditor or director from any such liabilities, our rights and those of our shareholders to file shareholders’ derivativesuits on behalf of our Company to recover monetary damages from such director or corporate auditor for breach of their duties under theCompanies Act will be eliminated or reduced. However, exculpation does not apply to any director or corporate auditor if they have breachedtheir duties under the Companies Act intentionally (koi) or by gross negligence (ju-kashitsu). Furthermore, we may enterinto agreements for the limitation of liabilities with our independent directors and corporate auditors. If we do so, we expect thatthese agreements will eliminate or reduce our rights and those of our shareholders as described above.

 

Articlesof Incorporation

 

Objectiveof our Company under our Articles of Incorporation

 

Wehave broad authority under Article 2 of our articles of incorporation to conduct our lines of business.

 

ProvisionsRegarding Our Directors

 

Withrespect to the election of directors of our Company, each director must be voted in by a majority of our common shareholders entitledto vote at a common shareholders’ meeting where shareholders holding one-third or more of the voting rights entitled to vote arepresent. Additionally, any resolution regarding the election of a director cannot be adopted by cumulative voting.

 

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Rightsof Shareholders of our Common Shares

 

Underthe Companies Act and our articles of incorporation, holders of our common shares have, among others, the following rights:

 

  the right to receive dividends when the payment of dividends has been approved at a shareholders’ meeting;
     
  the right to vote at a shareholders’ meeting (cumulative voting for the election of directors is not allowed under our articles of incorporation);
     
  the right to receive surplus in the event of a liquidation; and
     
  the right to require us to purchase shares subject to certain requirements under the Companies Act when a shareholder opposes certain resolutions, including (i) the transfer of all or material part of our business, (ii) an amendment to our articles of incorporation to establish a restriction on share transfer, (iii) a share exchange or share transfer to establish a holding company, (iv) a company split, or (v) a merger, all of which must, as a general rule, be approved by a special resolution adopted at a shareholders’ meeting.

 

Underthe Companies Act, a company is permitted to make a distribution of surplus to the extent that the aggregate book value of the assetsto be distributed to shareholders does not exceed the distributable amount provided for under the Companies Act and the applicable ordinanceof the Ministry of Justice as of the effective date of such distribution of surplus. The amount of surplus at any given time shall bethe amount of the Company’s assets and the book value of the Company’s treasury stock after subtracting and adding the amountsof the items provided for under the Companies Act and the applicable ordinance of the Ministry of Justice.

 

Ashareholder is generally entitled to one vote per share at a shareholders’ meeting. In general, under the Companies Act and ourarticles of incorporation, a shareholders’ meeting may adopt an ordinary resolution by a majority of the voting rights presentedat the meeting. The Companies Act and our articles of incorporation require a quorum of not less than one-third of the total number ofvoting rights in connection with the election of directors and statutory auditors. Under the Companies Act, to avoid exercising impropercontrol in a form of mutual shareholding, an institutional shareholder, 25% or more voting rights of which are directly or indirectlyheld by us, does not have voting rights at our shareholders’ meeting. We have no voting rights with respect to our own common sharesthat we hold. Shareholders may exercise their voting rights through proxies, provided that a shareholder may appoint only one other shareholderwho has voting rights as its proxy.

 

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Withrespect to a special resolution, while the Companies Act generally requires a quorum of the majority of the total number of voting rightsand approval of two-thirds of the voting rights presented at the meeting in connection with any material corporate actions, it allowsa company to reduce the quorum for such special resolutions pursuant to its articles of incorporation to one-third (or greater than one-third)of the total number of voting rights.

 

TheCompanies Act provides additional specific rights for shareholders owning a substantial number of voting rights.

 

Ashareholder holding 90% or more of the total number of voting rights of all shareholders has the right to demand that all other shareholderssell their shares to such shareholder who holds 90% or more of the voting rights.

 

Shareholdersholding 10% or more of the total number of voting rights of all shareholders, or 10% or more of the total number of our outstanding shares,have the right to apply to a court of competent jurisdiction for our dissolution.

 

Shareholderswho have held 3% or more of the total number of voting rights of all shareholders for six months or more have the right to demand theconvening of a shareholders’ meeting.

 

Shareholderswho have held 3% or more of the total number of voting rights of all shareholders, or 3% or more of the total number of our outstandingshares, for six months or more have certain rights under the Companies Act, which include the right to:

 

  apply to a competent court for removal of a director or a corporate auditor where a fraudulent act or a significant event violating laws and regulations or the Company’s Articles of Incorporation exists with respect to performance of duties of such director or corporate auditor, and removal by shareholders at a meeting has been denied; and
     
  apply to a competent court for removal of a liquidator.

 

Shareholdersholding 3% or more of the total number of voting rights of all shareholders have the right to object to the exculpation of a directoror a corporate auditor from certain liabilities.

 

Shareholdersholding 3% or more of the total number of voting rights of all shareholders, or 3% or more of the total number of our outstanding shares,have certain rights under the Companies Act, which include the right to:

 

  examine our accounting books and documents and make copies of them; and
     
  apply to a competent court for the appointment of an inspector to inspect our operation and/or financial condition where an event casting doubt on a fraudulent act or a significant fact violating laws and regulations or the Company’s Articles Incorporation exists with respect to operation of the Company.

 

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Shareholderswho have held 1% or more of the total number of voting rights of all shareholders for six months or more have the right to apply to acompetent court for the appointment of an inspector to review the correctness of the convocation and voting procedures of a shareholders’meeting.

 

Shareholderswho have held 1% or more of the total number of voting rights of all shareholders, or 300 or more voting rights, for six months or morehave the right to demand that certain matters be added to the agenda items at a shareholders’ meeting.

 

Shareholderswho have held any number of shares for six months or more have the right to demand that we take certain actions under the Companies Act,which include the rights to demand:

 

  the institution of an action to enforce the liabilities of our directors or corporate auditors;
     
  the institution of an action to disgorge from a recipient the benefit of a proprietary nature given in relation to the exercise of the right of a shareholder; and
     
  on our behalf, that a director ceases an illegal or ultra vires action.

 

Thereare no provisions under the Companies Act or our articles of incorporation which force shareholders to make additional contributionswhen requested by us.

 

Underthe Companies Act, in order to change the rights of shareholders which are stipulated and defined in our articles of incorporation, wemust amend our articles of incorporation. Amendments must, as a general rule, be approved by a special resolution of our shareholders.

 

Annualmeetings and special meetings of shareholders are convened by our Chief Executive Officer based on a resolution of our board of directors.Under our articles of incorporation, shareholders of record as of November 30 of each year have the right to attend our annual shareholders’meeting. We may, by prescribing a record date, determine the shareholders who are stated or recorded in the shareholder registry on therecord date as the shareholders entitled to attend and take action at a special shareholders’ meeting, and in this case, we arerequired to make a public notice of the record date at least two weeks prior to the record date. A convocation notice will be sent tothese shareholders at least two weeks prior to the date of the shareholders’ meeting.

 

OurAcquisition of our Common Shares

 

Underapplicable laws of Japan, we may acquire our common shares:

 

  (i) from a specific shareholder (other than any of our subsidiaries), pursuant to a special resolution of a shareholders’ meeting; or
     
  (ii) from any of our subsidiaries, pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors.

 

Inthe case of any acquisition made by way of (i) above, any other shareholder may request within a certain period of time provided underthe applicable ordinance of the Ministry of Justice before a shareholders’ meeting that we also purchase the shares held by therequesting shareholder, unless the purchase price or any other consideration to be delivered in exchange for the acquisition of commonshares does not exceed the market price of our common shares calculated by the method prescribed in the applicable ordinance of the Ministryof Justice.

 

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Ingeneral, an acquisition by us of our common shares must satisfy certain requirements, including that the total amount of the acquisitionprice may not exceed the distributable amount.

 

Wemay hold the common shares which we acquired pursuant to (i) and (ii) above, or we may cancel such shares by a resolution of our boardof directors. We may also dispose of such shares pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors, subject to other requirements applicableto the issuance of shares under the Companies Act.

 

Restrictionson Holders of our Common Shares

 

Thereare no restrictions with respect to non-residents of Japan or foreign shareholders holding our common shares or on the exercise of votingrights. However, pursuant to a provision of our share handling regulations, a shareholder who does not have an address or residence inJapan is required to file with our transfer agent its temporary address to receive notices in Japan or that of a standing proxy havingany address or residence in Japan.

 

Thereare no provisions in our articles of incorporation that would have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in controlthat would operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring involving us.

 

Thereare no provisions in our articles of incorporation or other subordinated rules regarding an ownership threshold, above which shareholderownership must be disclosed.

 

Thereare no provisions in our articles of incorporation governing changes in our Company’s capital that are more stringent thanis required by law.

 

ExchangeControls

 

TheForeign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act and related regulations (which we refer to as “FEFTA”) regulate certain transactionsinvolving a “Non-Resident of Japan” or a “Foreign Investor”, including “inward direct investments”by Foreign Investors, and payments from Japan to foreign countries or by residents of Japan to Non-Residents of Japan.

 

“Non-Residentsof Japan” are defined as individuals who are not residents in Japan and corporations whose principal offices are located outsideof Japan. Generally, branches and other offices of Japanese corporations which are located outside of Japan are regarded as Non-Residentsof Japan, and branches and other offices of non-resident corporations which are located within Japan are regarded as residents of Japan.

 

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“ForeignInvestors” are defined as:

 

●individuals who are Non-Residents of Japan;

 

●entities which are organized under the laws of foreign countries or whose principal offices are located outside of Japan;

 

●companies of which 50% or more of their voting rights are held by individuals who are Non-Residents of Japan and/or corporationswhich are organized under the laws of foreign countries or whose principal offices are located outside of Japan;

 

●partnerships engaging in investment activities and investment limited partnerships (including partnerships formed under the laws offoreign countries) which satisfy one of the following conditions:

 

●50% or more of contributions to the partnership were made by (i) individuals who are Non-Residents of Japan, (ii) entities which areorganized under the laws of foreign countries or whose principal offices are located outside of Japan, (iii) companies of which 50%or more of their voting rights are held by individuals who are Non-Residents of Japan and/or corporations which are organized underthe laws of foreign countries or whose principal offices are located outside of Japan, (iv) entities a majority of whose officers,or officers having the power of representation, are individuals who are Non-Residents of Japan, or (v) partnerships a majority ofwhose executive partners fall within items (i) through (iv) above; and

 

●a majority of the executive partners of the partnership are (A) any persons or entities who fall within items (i) through (v) above,(B) any partnerships to which 50% or more of contribution were made by persons or entities who fall within items (i) through (v)above, or (C) limited partnerships a majority of whose executive partners fall within Non-Residents of Japan, persons or entitieswho fall within (A) or (B), or any officers of entities which fall within (A) or (B).

 

●entities, a majority of whose officers are individuals who are Non-Residents of Japan.

 

UnderFEFTA, among other triggering events, a Foreign Investor who desires to acquire shares in a Japanese company which is not listed on anystock exchange in Japan, is subject to a prior filing requirement, regardless of the acquired amount of shares, if such Japanese companyengages any business in certain industries related to the national security. Such industries include, among other things, manufacturingin relation to weapons, aircraft, space, and nuclear power, as well as agriculture, fishery, mining, and utility service. Additionally,due to today’s growing awareness of cybersecurity, the recent amendment to FEFTA expanded the scope of the prior filing requirement,broadly covering industries related to data processing businesses and information and communication technologies services. Since ourprospective real estate crowdfunding platform could potentially involve the processing of data by collecting, processing, and retainingprospective customer information, direct acquisition of our common shares, by a Foreign Investor could be subject to the prior filingrequirement under FEFTA.

 

AForeign Investor wishing to acquire or hold our common shares directly will be required to make a prior filing with the relevant governmentauthorities through the Bank of Japan and wait until clearance for the acquisition is granted by the applicable governmental authorities,unless the certain exemptions below apply. Without such clearance, the Foreign Investor will not be permitted to acquire or hold ourcommon shares directly. Once clearance is obtained, the Foreign Investor may acquire shares in the amount and during the period indicatedin the filing. While the standard waiting period to obtain clearance is 30 days, the waiting period could be expedited to two weeks,at the discretion of the applicable governmental authorities, depending on the level of potential impact to national security.

 

Inaddition to the prior filing requirement above, when a Foreign Investor who completed a prior filing and received clearance has acquiredshares in accordance with the filed information, such Foreign Investor will be required to make a post-acquisition notice filing to reportthe completed purchase. Such post-acquisition notice filing must be made no later than 45 days after the acquisition of the shares.

 

However,the above prior filing and post-acquisition notice filing related thereto may be in principle exempted if (i) the Foreign Investor orits related persons do not assume the office of our director or corporate auditor, (ii) the Foreign Investor does not propose the transferor abolition of the business in the designated industry at our shareholders meeting, and (iii) the Foreign Investor does not have accessto non-public technical information related to the business in the designated industry. In such case, a post-investment report must bemade no later than 45 days after the acquisition of the shares.

 

UnderFEFTA, in each case where a resident of Japan receives a single payment of more than ¥30 million from a Non-Resident of Japan fora transfer of shares in a Japanese company, such resident of Japan is required to report each receipt of payment to the Minister of Financeof Japan.

 

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HistoricalCommon Equity Transactions

 

SinceJanuary 1, 2019, the Company engaged in the following unregistered stock issuances:

 

On June 23 2023, the Company allotted 735,000 stock acquisition rights to HeartCore in exchange for services rendered as a consultant in connection with the proposed initial public offering of the Company under grants authorized by our shareholders and directors in substitution for the New Warrant executed as of October 26, 2022 between the Company and HeartCore. The stock acquisition right is exercisable from July 1, 2023 to June 30, 2033 upon the condition that the IPO has been completed. The stock acquisition right has an exercise price of ¥1($0.01) per common share.

 

On November 1, 2022, the Company allotted 980,000 warrants to Hirokazu Tsukahara in exchange for services rendered related to this offering. This warrant was terminated upon the issuance of the stock acquisition rights to Hirokazu Tsukahara and Eiko Hanyu as of June 23, 2023. The Company allotted 900,000 stock acquisition rights to Hirokazu Tsukahara and 80,000 stock acquisition rights to Eiko Hanyu. The stock acquisition right is exercisable from September 1, 2023 to June 23, 2033 upon the conditions that the IPO has been completed and that the board of directors approves right holders have made sufficient contributions to the business with an exercise price of ¥241($1.73) per common share.

 

On June 23, 2023, the Company allotted 6,100,000 stock acquisition rights to one director and employees. The stock acquisition rights have all of the following vesting and exercise conditions with an exercise price of ¥241($1.73) per common share:

 

  a. After the completion of IPO;

 

  b. From June 24, 2025 to June 23, 2033;

 

  c. Consolidated revenues for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 or after exceeding ¥85 billion ($610.15 million) after the audit on the functional currency basis before the translation into the reporting currency basis in accordance with the US GAAP; and

 

  d. The total exercise payment made by the right holders is not more than ¥12 million ($86.14 thousand) during each calendar year.

 

On June 23, 2023, the Company allotted 1,200,000 stock acquisition rights to its business partners. The stock acquisition rights have all of the following vesting and exercise conditions with an exercise price of ¥241($1.73) per common share:

 

  a. After the completion of IPO;

 

  b. From September 1, 2023 to June 23, 2033; and

 

  c. Consolidated revenues for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 or after exceeding ¥85 billion ($610.15 million) after the audit on the functional currency basis before the translation into the reporting currency basis in accordance with the US GAAP.

 

Webelieve that each of the following issuances was exempt from registration under the Securities Act pursuant to Regulation S under theSecurities Act regarding sales by an issuer in offshore transactions. No underwriters were involved in these issuances of securities.

 

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SHARESELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

 

Beforethis offering, there has not been a public market for our common shares. Future sales of substantial amounts of our common shares, includingshares issued upon the conversion of convertible notes, the exercise of outstanding options and warrants, in the public market afterthis offering, or the possibility of these sales occurring, could cause the prevailing market price for our common shares to fall orimpair our ability to raise equity capital in the future.

 

Immediatelyfollowing the closing of this offering, we will have _______ common shares issued and outstanding. In the event the representativeexercises in full the over-allotment option to purchase additional common shares, we will have ____________ common shares issued andoutstanding. The common shares sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration or qualificationunder the Securities Act.

 

Previouslyissued common shares that were not offered and sold in this offering, as well as shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants and subjectto employee stock options, are or will be upon issuance, “restricted securities,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 underthe Securities Act. These restricted securities are eligible for public sale only if such public resale is registered under the SecuritiesAct or if the resale qualifies for an exemption from registration under Rule 144 or Rule 701 under the Securities Act, which are summarizedbelow.

 

Rule144

 

Ingeneral, a person who has beneficially owned restricted common shares of our Company for at least twelve months, or at least six monthsin the event we have been a reporting company under the Exchange Act for at least ninety (90) days before the sale, would be entitledto sell such securities, provided that such person is not deemed to be an affiliate of ours at the time of sale or to have been an affiliateof ours at any time during the ninety (90) days preceding the sale. A person who is an affiliate of ours at such time would be subjectto additional restrictions, by which such person would be entitled to sell within any three-month period only a number of shares thatdoes not exceed the greater of the following:

 

  1% of the number of our common shares then outstanding; which will equal approximately ______ common shares immediately after this offering (assuming no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional common shares from us); or
     
  1% of the average weekly trading volume of our common shares on The Nasdaq Capital Market, during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing by such person of a notice on Form 144 with respect to the sale;

 

providedthat, in each case, we are subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act for at least 90 days before the sale. Rule144 trades must also comply with the manner of sale, notice and other provisions of Rule 144, to the extent applicable.

 

Affiliateresales under Rule 144 are also subject to the availability of current public information about us. In addition, if the number of sharesbeing sold under Rule 144 by an affiliate during any three-month period exceeds 5,000 shares or has an aggregate sale price in excessof $50,000, the seller must file a notice on Form 144 with the SEC and Nasdaq, concurrently with either the placing of a sale order withthe broker or the execution directly with a market maker.

 

UnderRule 144, a person who is not an affiliate of ours at the time of sale, and has not been an affiliate at any time during the 90 dayspreceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned our common shares for at least six months but less than a year, is entitled to sellsuch shares subject only to the availability of current public information about us. If such person has held our shares for at leastone year, such person can resell without regard to any Rule 144 restrictions, including the 90-day public company requirement and thecurrent public information requirement. Non-affiliate resales are not subject to the manner of sale, volume limitation or notice filingprovisions of Rule 144.

 

Rule701

 

Ingeneral, Rule 701 allows a shareholder who purchased our common shares pursuant to a written compensatory plan or contract and who isnot deemed to have been an affiliate of ours during the immediately preceding 90 days to sell those shares in reliance upon Rule 144,but without being required to comply with the public information, holding period, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144.All holders of Rule 701 shares, however, are required to wait until ninety (90) days after the date of this prospectus before sellingshares pursuant to Rule 701.

 

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Lock-UpAgreements

 

We,all of our directors and officers and our shareholders have agreed with the representative, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell,transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any of our common shares or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeablefor our common shares for a period of _____ months after the closing of this offering. See the “Underwriting” sectionbelow for more information.

 

FormS-8 Registration Statements

 

Followingthe completion of this offering, we may file one or more registration statements on Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register thecommon shares issued or reserved for issuance under any future plan. The registration statement on Form S-8 will become effective automaticallyupon filing. Common shares issued upon exercise of a stock option and registered under the Form S-8 registration statement will, subjectto vesting and lock-up provisions, and Rule 144 volume limitations applicable to our affiliates, be available for sale in the open marketimmediately unless they are subject to the lock-up restrictions described under “Underwriting—No Sales of Similar Securities”,in which case, after the expiration of such lock-up.

 

THEDISCUSSION ABOVE IS A GENERAL SUMMARY. IT DOES NOT COVER ALL MATTERS RELATING TO SHARE TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS THAT MAY BE OF IMPORTANCETO A PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR SHOULD CONSULT ITS OWN LEGAL ADVISOR REGARDING THE PARTICULAR SECURITIES LAWS ANDTRANSFER RESTRICTION CONSEQUENCES OF PURCHASING, HOLDING, AND DISPOSING OF OUR COMMON SHARES, INCLUDING THE CONSEQUENCES OF ANY PROPOSEDCHANGE IN APPLICABLE LAWS.

 

CERTAINTAX CONSIDERATIONS

 

Thefollowing description is not intended to constitute a complete analysis of all tax consequences relating to the ownership or dispositionof our common shares. You should consult your own tax advisor concerning the tax consequences of your particular situation, as well asany tax consequences that may arise under the laws of any local, state, foreign, including Japan, or other taxing jurisdiction.

 

Taxationin Japan

 

Generally,a non-resident of Japan or non-Japanese entity (which we refer to as a “Non-Resident Holder”) is subject to Japanese withholdingtax on dividends paid by Japanese corporations. Stock splits are not subject to Japanese income tax. A conversion of retained earningsor legal reserve (but not additional paid-in capital, in general) into stated capital (whether made in connection with a stock splitor otherwise) is not treated as a deemed dividend payment to shareholders for Japanese tax purposes. Thus, such a conversion does nottrigger Japanese withholding taxation.

 

Ifdistributions were made from our capital surplus, rather than retained earnings, for the Companies Act purposes, the portion of suchdistributions in excess of the amount corresponding to a pro rata portion of return of capital as determined under Japanese tax lawswould be deemed dividends for Japanese tax purposes, while the rest would be treated as return of capital for Japanese tax purposes.The deemed dividend portion, if any, would generally be subject to the same tax treatment as dividends as described above, and the returnof capital portion would generally be treated as proceeds derived from the sale of common shares and subject to the same tax treatmentas sale of our common shares as described below. Distributions made in consideration of repurchase by us of our own shares or in connectionwith certain reorganization transactions will be treated substantially in the same manner.

 

Pursuantto the Convention Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Japan for the Avoidance of Double Taxationand the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income (which we refer to as the “Treaty”), dividend paymentsmade by a Japanese corporation to a U.S. resident or entity, unless the recipient of the dividend has a “permanent establishment”in Japan, and the common shares with respect to which such dividends are paid are effectively connected with such “permanent establishment”,are generally subject to a withholding tax at rate of: (i) 10% for portfolio investors who are qualified U.S. residents eligible forbenefits of the Treaty; and (ii) 0% (i.e., no withholding) for pension funds which are qualified U.S. residents eligible for benefitsof the Treaty, provided that the dividends are not derived from the carrying on of a business, directly or indirectly, by such pensionfunds. Japan is a party to a number of income tax treaties, conventions and agreements, (which we refer to collectively as the “TaxTreaties”), whereby the maximum withholding tax rate for dividend payments is set at, in most cases, 15% for portfolio investorswho are Non-Resident Holders. Specific countries with which such Tax Treaties have been entered into include Canada, Denmark, Finland,Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, and Republic of Singapore. Japan’s income tax treaties with Australia,Belgium, France, The Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom have been amended to generally reduce the maximum withholdingtax rate to 10%.

 

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Onthe other hand, unless one of the applicable Tax Treaties reducing the maximum rate of withholding tax applies, the standard tax rateapplicable to dividends paid with respect to listed shares, such as those paid by our Company on shares, to Non-Resident Holders is 15%under the Japanese Income Tax Law, except for dividends paid to any individual shareholder who holds 3% or more of the issued shares,in which case the applicable rate is 20% (Article 182(2) of the Japanese Income Tax Law and Article 9-3(1)(i) of the Japanese SpecialTax Measures Law, including its relevant temporary provision for these withholding rates). On December 2, 2011, the “Special measuresact to secure the financial resources required to implement policy on restoration of the East Japan Earthquake” (Act No. 117 of2011) was promulgated and special surtax measures on income tax and withholding tax were introduced thereafter to fund the restorationeffort for the earthquake. Income tax and withholding tax payers need to pay a surtax, calculated by multiplying the standard tax rateby 2.1% for 25 years starting from January 1, 2013 (which we refer to as “Surtax”). As a result, the withholding tax rateapplicable to dividends paid with respect to listed shares to Non-Resident Holders increased to 15.315% (which we refer to as “WithholdingTax Rate”) which is applicable for the period from January 1, 2014 until December 31, 2037.

 

Takingthis Withholding Tax Rate into account, the treaty rates such as the 15% rate (or 10% for eligible U.S. residents subject to the Treatyand/or eligible residents subject to other similarly renewed treaties mentioned above) apply, in general, except for dividends paid toany individual holder who holds 3% or more of the total issued shares, in which case the applicable rate is 20.42% (standard tax rateof 20% imposed by Surtax). The treaty rate normally overrides the domestic rate, but due to the so-called “preservation doctrine”under Article 1(2) of the Treaty, and/or due to Article 3-2 of the Special Measures Law for the Income Tax Law, Corporation Tax Law andLocal Taxes Law with respect to the Implementation of Tax Treaties, if the tax rate under the domestic tax law is lower than that promulgatedunder the applicable income tax treaty, then the domestic tax rate is still applicable. Currently, the tax rate under the applicabletax treaty is lower than that under the domestic tax law and thus the treaty override treatment applies. As such, the tax rate underthe Treaty applies for most holders of shares who are U.S. residents or entities. In the case where the treaty rate is applicable, noSurtax is imposed, but in order to enjoy the lower treaty rate, the taxpayer must file a treaty application in advance with the JapaneseNational Tax Agency through our Company. Gains derived from the sale outside Japan of a Japanese corporation’s shares by Non-ResidentHolders, or from the sale of a Japanese corporation’s shares within Japan by a non-resident of Japan as an occasional transactionor by a non-Japanese entity not having a permanent establishment in Japan, are generally not subject to Japanese income or corporationtaxes, provided that the seller is an investor who is a qualified U.S. resident eligible for benefit of the Treaty. Japanese inheritanceand gift taxes at progressive rates may apply to an individual who has acquired a Japanese corporation’s shares as a distributee,legatee or donee.

 

CertainU.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Holders

 

Thefollowing discussion is a summary of U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to the ownership and disposition ofour common shares by a U.S. holder (as defined below) that acquires our common shares in this offering. This summary is for general informationpurposes only and does not purport to be a complete discussion of all potential tax considerations that may be relevant to a particularperson’s decision to acquire common shares.

 

Thissummary is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the regulations promulgated under theCode (the “U.S. Treasury Regulations”), the income tax treaty between Japan and the United States (the “Treaty”),published rulings of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), published administrative positions of the IRS, and U.S.court decisions that are applicable and, in each case, as in effect and available, as of the date hereof. Any of the authorities on whichthis summary is based could be changed in a material and adverse manner at any time, and any such change could be applied on a retroactiveor prospective basis which could affect the U.S. federal income tax considerations described in this summary. We have not requested aruling from the IRS with respect to any of the U.S. federal income tax considerations described below and, as a result, the IRS coulddisagree with portions of this discussion.

 

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Forpurposes of this discussion, a “U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of the common shares or that is, for U.S. federal incometax purposes:

 

  an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
     
  a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;
     
  an estate the income of which is includable in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or
     
  a trust (i) the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and which has one or more U.S. persons who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (ii) that has validly elected to be treated as a U.S. person under the Code.

 

Ifan entity or arrangement that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds the common shares, the U.S. federalincome tax consequences to such partnership and its partners of the ownership and disposition of the common shares generally will dependin part on the activities of the partnership and the status of such partners. This summary does not address the tax consequences to anysuch partner or partnership. Partners of entities or arrangements that are classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposesshould consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the commonshares.

 

Thisdiscussion applies only to a U.S. holder that holds common shares as “capital assets” under the Code (generally, propertyheld for investment). Unless otherwise provided, this summary does not discuss reporting requirements. In addition, this discussion doesnot address any tax consequences other than U.S. federal income tax consequences, such as U.S. state and local tax consequences, U.S.estate and gift tax consequences, and non-U.S. tax consequences, and does not describe all of the U.S. federal income tax consequencesthat may be relevant in light of a U.S. holder’s particular circumstances, including alternative minimum tax consequences, theMedicare tax on certain net investment income, and tax consequences to holders that are subject to special provisions under the Code,including, but not limited to, holders that:

 

  are tax exempt organizations, qualified retirement plans, individual retirement accounts, or other tax deferred accounts;
     
  are financial institutions, underwriters, insurance companies, real estate investment trusts, or regulated investment companies;
     
  are brokers or dealers in securities or currencies or holders that are traders in securities that elect to apply a mark-to-market accounting method;
     
  have a “functional currency” for U.S. federal income tax purposes that is not the U.S. dollar;
     
  own common shares as part of a straddle, hedging transaction, conversion transaction, constructive sale, or other arrangement involving more than one position;
     
  acquire common shares in connection with the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation for services;
     
  are partnerships or other pass-through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes (or investors in such partnerships and entities);
     
  are required to accelerate the recognition of any item of gross income with respect to the common shares as a result of such income being recognized on an applicable financial statement;
     
  own or will own (directly, indirectly, or constructively) 10% or more of our total combined voting power or value;
     
  hold the common shares in connection with trade or business conducted outside of the United States or in connection with a permanent establishment or other fixed place of business outside of the United States; or
     
  are former U.S. citizens or former long-term residents of the United States.

 

EachU.S. holder is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the application of U.S. federal taxation to its particular circumstances, andthe state, local, non-U.S. and other tax considerations of the ownership and disposition of our common shares.

 

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PassiveForeign Investment Company Considerations

 

Anon-U.S. corporation, such as our Company, is classified as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for any taxableyear in which, after applying relevant look-through rules with respect to the income and assets of its subsidiaries, either: (i) 50%or more of the value of the corporation’s assets either produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income,based on the quarterly average of the fair market value of such assets; or (ii) at least 75% of the corporation’s gross incomeis passive income. “Passive income” generally includes, for example, dividends, interest, certain rents and royalties, certaingains from the sale of stock and securities, and certain gains from commodities transactions. In determining the value and compositionof our assets, the cash we raise in this offering will generally be considered to be held for the production of passive income and thuswill be considered a passive asset.

 

Thedetermination of whether a corporation is a PFIC for a taxable year depends, in part, on the application of complex U.S. federal incometax rules that are subject to differing interpretations. In addition, the determination of whether a corporation will be a PFIC for anytaxable year can only be made after the close of such taxable year. Our PFIC status will depend, in part, on the amount of cash thatwe raise in this offering and how quickly we utilize the cash in our business. Furthermore, because we may value our goodwill based onthe expected market price of the common shares in this offering, a decrease in the market price of our common shares may also cause usto be classified as a PFIC for the current or any future taxable year. Based upon the foregoing, it is uncertain whether we will be aPFIC for our current taxable year or any future taxable year.

 

Wemust make a separate determination each year as to whether we are a PFIC. As a result, our PFIC status may change. If we are a PFIC forany year during which you hold the common shares, we will generally continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years duringwhich you hold such common shares. However, if we cease to be a PFIC, provided that you have not made a mark-to-market election, as describedbelow, you may avoid some of the adverse effects of the PFIC regime by making a deemed sale election with respect to the common shares,We believe we were not a PFIC in prior taxable year 2022 because less than 75% of our gross income was passive income and less than 50%of the average value of our assets consisted of assets that would produce passive income in 2022.

 

Thediscussion below under “—Distributions on the Common Shares” and “—Sale or Other Dispositionof the Common Shares” is written on the basis that we will not be classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes.The U.S. federal income tax rules that generally would apply if we are treated as a PFIC are discussed below under “—PassiveForeign Investment Company Rules.”

 

Distributionson the Common Shares

 

Thegross amount of any distributions paid on our common shares will generally be included in the gross income of a U.S. holder as dividendincome on the date actually or constructively received by the U.S. holder, in the case of common shares, but only to the extent thatthe distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (computed on the basis of U.S. federal income tax principles).Because we do not intend to determine our earnings and profits on the basis of U.S. federal income tax principles, we expect that distributionswill generally be reported to U.S. holders as dividends. Dividends received on our common shares generally will not be eligible for thedividends received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from U.S. corporations.

 

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Individualsand other non-corporate U.S. holders will be subject to tax on any such dividends at the lower capital gains tax rate applicable to “qualifieddividend income,” provided that certain conditions are satisfied, including that (i) the common shares on which the dividends arepaid are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States or we are eligible for the benefits of the Treaty,(ii) we are not a PFIC nor treated as such with respect to a U.S. holder (as discussed below) for either our taxable year in which thedividend was paid or for the preceding taxable year, and (iii) certain holding period requirements are met. For this purpose, commonshares listed on the Nasdaq will generally be considered to be readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States.You should consult your tax advisor regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to our common shares.

 

ForU.S. foreign tax credit purposes, dividends paid on our common shares generally will be treated as foreign source income and generallywill constitute passive category income. The amount of a dividend will include any amounts withheld by us in respect of Japanese incometaxes. Subject to applicable limitations, some of which vary depending upon the U.S. holder’s particular circumstances, Japaneseincome taxes withheld from dividends on the common shares, at a rate not exceeding any reduced rate pursuant to the Treaty, will be creditableagainst the U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. In lieu of claiming a foreign tax credit, U.S. holders may, at theirelection, deduct foreign taxes, including any Japanese income taxes, in computing their taxable income, subject to generally applicablelimitations under U.S. law. An election to deduct foreign taxes instead of claiming foreign tax credits applies to all foreign taxespaid or accrued in the taxable year. The rules governing foreign tax credits are complex and U.S. holders should consult their tax advisersregarding the creditability or deductibility of foreign taxes in their particular circumstances.

 

Theamount of any dividend paid in Japanese yen will equal the U.S. dollar value of the Japanese yen received, calculated by reference tothe exchange rate in effect on the date the dividend is received by you, in the case of common shares, regardless of whether the Japaneseyen are converted into U.S. dollars. If the Japanese yen received as a dividend are converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt,a U.S. holder generally will not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. If the Japaneseyen received as a dividend are not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. holder will have a basis in the Japaneseyen equal to their U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Any gain or loss realized on a subsequent conversion or other dispositionof the Japanese yen will be treated as U.S. source ordinary income or loss.

 

Saleor Other Disposition of the Common Shares

 

AU.S. holder will recognize gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of a common share equal to the difference between the amountrealized for the common share and the holder’s tax basis in the common share. Such gain or loss will generally be capital gainor loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder’s holding period for such common share was more than oneyear as of the date of the sale or other disposition. Long-term capital gain recognized by a non-corporate U.S. holder is subject toU.S. federal income tax at rates lower than the rates applicable to ordinary income and short-term capital gains, while short-term capitalgains are subject to U.S. federal income tax at the rates applicable to ordinary income. The deductibility of capital losses is subjectto various limitations. Any gain or loss recognized will generally be U.S. source gain or loss for foreign tax credit purposes. Consequently,a U.S. holder may not be able to use the foreign tax credit arising from any Japanese tax imposed on the disposition of the common shareunless such credit can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against tax due on other income treated as derived from non-U.S.sources.

 

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PassiveForeign Investment Company Rules

 

Ifwe are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our common shares, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect toany “excess distribution” that you receive and any gain you realize from a sale or other disposition (including a pledge)of the common shares, unless you make a mark-to-market election as discussed below. Distributions you receive from us in a taxable yearthat are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions you received from us during the shorter of the three preceding taxableyears or your holding period for the common shares will be treated as an excess distribution. Under these special tax rules:

 

  the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the common shares,
     
  the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which we became a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income, and
     
  the amount allocated to each of the other taxable years will be subject to tax at the highest rate of tax in effect for you for such year and will be increased by an additional tax calculated as an interest charge on the resulting tax deemed deferred with respect to each such other taxable year at the rates generally applicable to underpayments of tax payable in those years.

 

Ifwe are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. holder holds our common shares and any of our subsidiaries or other corporateentities in which we own equity interests is also a PFIC, such U.S. holder would be treated as owning a proportionate amount (by value)of the shares of the lower-tier PFIC for purposes of the application of these rules. U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisorsregarding the application of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiaries.

 

Asan alternative to the foregoing rules, a U.S. holder may make a mark-to-market election with respect to our common shares, provided suchcommon shares are treated as “marketable stock.” The common shares generally will be treated as marketable stock if the commonshares are regularly traded on a “qualified exchange or other market,” as defined in applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations.Our common shares will be marketable stock as long as they remain listed on the Nasdaq, which is a qualified exchange for this purpose,and are regularly traded. We anticipate that our common shares should qualify as being regularly traded but no assurances can be givenin this regard.

 

Ifa U.S. holder makes a valid mark-to-market election with respect to the common shares, the holder generally will (i) include as ordinaryincome for each taxable year that we are a PFIC the excess, if any, of the fair market value of common shares held at the end of thetaxable year over the adjusted tax basis of such common shares and (ii) deduct as an ordinary loss in each such taxable year the excess,if any, of the adjusted tax basis of the common shares over the fair market value of such common shares held at the end of the taxableyear, but such deduction will only be allowed to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-marketelection. The U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common shares would be adjusted to reflect any income or loss resulting fromthe mark-to-market election. If a U.S. holder makes a mark-to-market election in respect of our common shares and we cease to be classifiedas a PFIC, the holder will not be required to take into account the gain or loss described above during any period that we are not classifiedas a PFIC. If a U.S. holder makes a mark-to-market election, any gain such U.S. holder recognizes upon the sale or other dispositionof our common shares in a year when we are a PFIC will be treated as ordinary income and any loss will be treated as ordinary loss, butsuch loss will only be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-marketelection.

 

Becausea mark-to-market election cannot be made for any lower-tier PFICs that we may own, a U.S. holder may continue to be subject to the generalPFIC rules described above with respect to such U.S. holder’s indirect interest in any investments held by us that are treatedas an equity interest in a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

Wehave not determined whether, if we were to be classified as a PFIC for a taxable year, we will provide information necessary for a U.S.holder to make a “qualified electing fund” election which, if available, would result in tax treatment different from (andgenerally less adverse than) the general tax treatment for PFICs described above. Accordingly, U.S. holders should assume that they willnot be able to make a qualified electing fund election with respect to the common shares.

 

Ifa U.S. holder owns common shares during any year in which we are a PFIC, the holder generally must file an annual report containing suchinformation as the U.S. Treasury may require on IRS Form 8621 (or any successor form). A failure to file this report generally will suspendthe statute of limitations with respect to any tax return, event, or period to which such report relates (potentially including withrespect to items that do not relate to a U.S. holder’s investment in common shares).

 

ThePFIC rules are complex, and each U.S. holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the PFIC rules, the elections which may beavailable to it, and how the PFIC rules may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to the ownership and dispositionof common shares.

 

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InformationReporting and Backup Withholding

 

Paymentsof dividends or sales proceeds that are made within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries may besubject to information reporting and backup withholding, unless (i) the U.S. holder is a corporation or other exempt recipient, or (ii)in the case of backup withholding, the U.S. holder provides a correct U.S. taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is notsubject to backup withholding.

 

Backupwithholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the U.S. backup withholding rules will be allowed as a credit againsta U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, or will be refunded, if such U.S. holder furnishes required informationto the IRS in a timely manner. Each U.S. holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the information reporting and backup withholdingrules in their particular circumstances and the availability of and procedures for obtaining an exemption from backup withholding.

 

ReportingObligations for Certain Owners of Foreign Financial Assets

 

CertainU.S. holders may be required to file information returns with respect to their investment in common shares. For example, U.S. returndisclosure obligations (and related penalties) are imposed on individuals who are U.S. holders that hold certain specified foreign financialassets in excess of certain thresholds. The definition of “specified foreign financial assets” includes not only financialaccounts maintained in non-U.S. financial institutions, but also, unless held in accounts maintained by a financial institution, anystock or security issued by a non-U.S. person, any financial instrument or contract held for investment that has an issuer or counterpartyother than a U.S. person, and any interest in a non-U.S. entity. U.S. holders may be subject to these reporting requirements unless theircommon shares are held in an account at certain financial institutions.

 

Thediscussion of reporting obligations set forth above is not intended to constitute an exhaustive description of all reporting obligationsthat may apply to a U.S. holder. A failure to satisfy certain reporting obligations may result in an extension of the period during whichthe IRS can assess a tax, and under certain circumstances, such an extension may apply to assessments of amounts unrelated to any unsatisfiedreporting obligation. Penalties for failure to comply with these reporting obligations are substantial. U.S. holders should consult withtheir own tax advisors regarding their reporting obligations under these rules, including the requirement to file an IRS Form 8938.

 

U.S.Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding any reporting obligations that may arise with respect to the acquisition, ownershipor disposition of our common shares. Failure to company with applicable reporting requirements could result in substantial penalties.

 

Theforegoing discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations is for general information only and is not intended to constitutea complete analysis of all tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common shares. U.S. Holdersshould consult their own tax advisors concerning the tax consequences applicable to their particular situations.

 

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UNDERWRITING

 

Inconnection with this offering, we expect to enter into an underwriting agreement with Boustead Securities, LLC, as the representativeof the underwriters named in this prospectus, with respect to the common shares in this offering. Under the terms and subject to theconditions contained in the underwriting agreement, the representative will agree to purchase from us on a firm commitment basis therespective number of common shares at the public price less the underwriting discounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus,and each of the underwriters has severally and not jointly agreed to purchase, and we have agreed to sell to the underwriters, at thepublic offering price per share less the underwriting discount set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the number of common shareslisted next to its name in the following table:

 

Name of Underwriter   Number of
Shares
 
Boustead Securities, LLC   [●] 
      
    [●] 

 

Thecommon shares sold by the underwriters to the public will initially be offered at the public offering price set forth on the cover pageof this prospectus. Any common shares sold by the underwriters to securities dealers may be sold at a discount from the initial publicoffering price not to exceed $[●] per share. If all of the shares are not sold at the initial offering price, the representativemay change the offering price and the other selling terms. The representative has advised us that the underwriters do not intend to makesales to discretionary accounts.

 

Theunderwriting agreement will provide that the obligations of the underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the common shares aresubject to the passing upon certain legal matters by counsel and certain conditions such as confirmation of the accuracy of representationsand warranties by us about our financial condition and operations and other matters. The obligation of the underwriters to purchase thecommon shares is conditioned upon our receiving approval to list the common shares on Nasdaq.

 

Over-AllotmentOption

 

Ifthe underwriters sell more common shares than the total number set forth in the table above, we have granted to the representative anoption, exercisable one or more times in whole or in part, not later than 45 days after the date of this prospectus, to purchase fromus up to an additional _________ common shares (constituting up to 15% of the common shares sold in this offering excluding shares subjectto this option), at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions set forth on the cover of this prospectus.The representative may exercise this option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, in connection with this offering.Any common shares issued or sold under the option will be issued and sold on the same terms and conditions as the other common sharesthat are the subject of this offering.

 

Discountsand Commissions; Expenses

 

Theunderwriting discounts and commissions are a cash fee equal to seven percent (7%) of gross proceeds from the sale of securities in thisoffering. We have been advised by the representative that the underwriters propose to offer the common shares to the public at the publicoffering price set forth on the cover of this prospectus and to dealers at a price that represents a concession not in excess of $[●]per share under the public offering price. After the offering, the representative may change the public offering price and other sellingterms.

 

Thefollowing table summarizes the public offering price and underwriting discounts and commissions payable to the underwriters by us inconnection with this offering, assuming both the non-exercise and full exercise of the representative’s over-allotment option topurchase additional common shares.

 

   Per Share   Total Without
Exercise of Over-
Allotment Option
   Total With Full
Exercise of
Over- Allotment
Option
 
Public offering price  $

[●]

   $[●]   $[●] 
Underwriting discounts and commission (7%) (1)  $[●]   $

[●]

   $

[●]

 
Proceeds, before expenses, to us  $

[●]

   $

[●]

   $

[●]

 

 

  (1) Does not include (i) the warrant to purchase a number of common shares equal to 7% of the number of shares sold in the offering, (ii) a 1% non-accountable expense allowance or (iii) amounts representing reimbursement of certain out-of-pocket expenses, each as described below.

 

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Wehave agreed to pay a non-accountable expense allowance to the representative equal to 1% of the gross proceeds received at the closingof the offering.

 

Wehave agreed to reimburse the representative for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred relating to the offering, regardless of whetherthe offering is consummated, the aggregate amount of out-of-pocket expenses being limited as follows: (i) payment of up to $125,000 forreimbursement of the representative’s legal counsel fees; (ii) payment of up to $75,000 for due diligence; (iii) payment of upto $75,000 for road show, travel, platform on-boarding fees and other reasonable out of pocket expense; and (iv) payment of $8,000 forbackground checks. Any out-of-pocket expenses above $5,000 are to be pre-approved by the Company. We have paid $50,000 to the representativeas a refundable advance, which shall be applied against actual out-of-pocket accountable expenses and such advance shall be reimbursedto us to the extent any portion of the advance is not actually incurred, in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(4)(A) in the event ofthe termination of the offering.

 

Representative’sWarrant

 

Wehave agreed to issue to the representative (or its permitted assignees) warrants to purchase up to a total of ________ commonshares, if the over-allotment option is exercised in full by the Underwriters, or up to ________ common shares, if the over-allotmentoption is not exercised by Underwriters (approximately 7% of the common shares sold in this offering) at an exercise price equal to 100%of the public offering price of the shares sold in this offering. The Representative’s Warrant will be exercisable at any time,and from time to time, in whole or in part, commencing from the closing of the offering and expiring five (5) years from the effectivenessof the registration statement, will have a cashless exercise provision and will terminate on the fifth (5th) anniversary ofthe effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. The Representative’s Warrant will also providefor customary anti-dilution provisions and “piggyback” registration rights with respect to the registration of the commonshares underlying the warrants for a period of seven (7) years from the commencement of sales of this offering. We have registered theRepresentative’s Warrant and the shares underlying the Representative’s Warrant in this offering.

 

TheRepresentative’s Warrant and the underlying shares are deemed compensation by FINRA and therefore will be subject to a 180-daylock-up pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1). The representative (or permitted assignees under FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1) will not sell, transfer,assign, pledge, or hypothecate these warrants or the securities underlying these warrants, nor will they engage in any hedging, shortsale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the warrants or the underlyingsecurities for a period of 180 days immediately following commencement of sale of this offering subject to certain exceptions permittedby FINRA Rule 5110(e)(2).

 

Theregistration statement of which this prospectus is a part also registers for sale the Representative’s Warrant and the common sharesissuable upon exercise of such warrant, as a portion of the underwriting compensation payable in connection with this offering.

 

Indemnification

 

Wehave agreed to indemnify the representative and the other underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the SecuritiesAct. If we are unable to provide this indemnification, we will contribute to payments the representative and the other underwriters maybe required to make for these liabilities.

 

Rightof First Refusal

 

Therepresentative has the right of first refusal for two (2) years following the consummation of this offering or the termination or expirationof the engagement with the representative to act as financial advisor or joint financial advisor on at least equal economic terms onany public or private financing (debt or equity), merger, business combination, recapitalization or sale of some or all of our equityor our assets, whether in conjunction with another broker-dealer or on the Company’s own volition (collectively, “FutureServices”). In the event that we engage the representative to provide such Future Services, the representative will be compensatedconsistent with the engagement agreement with the Representative, unless we mutually agree otherwise. To the extent we are approachedby a third party to lead any public or private financing (debt or equity), merger, business combination, recapitalization or sale ofsome or all of our equity or assets, the representative will be notified of the transaction and be granted the right to participate insuch transaction under any syndicate formed by such third party.

 

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NoSales of Similar Securities

 

Wehave agreed not to offer, issue, sell, contract to sell, encumber, grant any option for the sale of or otherwise dispose of any commonshares or other securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common shares at a price per share that is less than theprice per common shares in this offering, or modify the terms of any existing securities, whether in conjunction with another broker-dealeror on the Company’s own volition for a period of _____ months following date on which our common shares are trading on the NasdaqCapital Market, without the prior written consent of the representative.

 

Lock-UpAgreements

 

Ourofficers, directors following this offering and other security holder(s) have agreed not to offer, sell, agree to sell, directly or indirectly,or otherwise dispose of any common shares for a period of twelve (12) months following the closing of this offering, subject to certainexceptions, or the Lock-Up Period.

 

Notwithstandingthe above, the representative may engage in stabilization activities as described below. The representative may in its sole discretionand at any time without notice release some or all of the shares subject to lock-up agreements prior to the expiration of the Lock-UpPeriod. When determining whether or not to release shares from the lock-up agreements, the representative will consider, among otherfactors, the security holder’s reasons for requesting the release, the number of shares for which the release is being requestedand market conditions at the time.

 

Trading;Nasdaq Listing

 

Wehave applied to list our common shares on Nasdaq under the symbol “MTRS” upon our satisfaction of Nasdaq’s initiallisting criteria, including the completion of this offering. If we do not meet all of Nasdaq’s initial listing criteria, we willnot complete this offering.

 

PriceStabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids

 

Inconnection with the offering, the underwriters may purchase and sell shares in the open market. Purchases and sales in the open marketmay include short sales, purchases to cover short positions, which may include purchases pursuant to the over-allotment option, and stabilizingpurchases.

 

  Short sales involve secondary market sales by an underwriter of a greater number of shares than they are required to purchase in the offering.
     
  “Covered” short sales are sales of shares in an amount up to the number of shares represented by the over-allotment option.
     
  “Naked” short sales are sales of shares in an amount in excess of the number of shares represented by the over-allotment option.
     
  Covering transactions involve purchases of shares either pursuant to the over-allotment option or in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover short positions.
     
  To close a naked short position, an underwriter must purchase shares in the open market after the distribution has been completed. A naked short position is more likely to be created if an underwriter is concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the shares in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering.
     
  To close a covered short position, an underwriter must purchase shares in the open market after the distribution has been completed or must exercise the over-allotment option. In determining the source of shares to close the covered short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase shares through the over-allotment option.
     
  Stabilizing transactions involve bids to purchase shares so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum.

 

Purchasesto cover short positions and stabilizing purchases, as well as other purchases by an underwriter for its own account, may have the effectof preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common shares. They may also cause the price of the common sharesto be higher than the price that would otherwise exist in the open market in the absence of these transactions. The underwritersmay conduct these transactions in the over-the-counter market or otherwise. If the underwriters commence any of these transactions, theymay discontinue them at any time.

 

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Determinationof Offering Price

 

Indetermining the initial public offering price, we and the representative have considered a number of factors, including:

 

  the information set forth in this prospectus and otherwise available to the representative;
     
  our prospects and the history and prospects for the industry in which we compete;
     
  an assessment of our management;
     
  our prospects for future revenues and earnings;
     
  the general condition of the securities markets at the time of this offering;
     
  the recent market prices of, and demand for, publicly traded securities of generally comparable companies; and
     
  other factors deemed relevant by the representative and us.

 

Theestimated initial public offering price set forth on the cover page of this preliminary prospectus is subject to change as a result ofmarket conditions and other factors. Neither we nor the representative can assure investors that an active trading market will developfor our common shares, or that the shares will trade in the public market at or above the initial public offering price.

 

ElectronicDistribution

 

Aprospectus in electronic format may be made available on the websites maintained by the representative. In addition, common shares maybe sold by the representative to securities dealers who resell common shares to online brokerage account holders. Other than the prospectusin electronic format, the information on the representative’s website and any information contained in any other website maintainedby the representative is not part of the prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not beenapproved and/or endorsed by us or the representative in its capacity as representative and should not be relied upon by investors.

 

OtherRelationships

 

Therepresentative and its respective affiliates may in the future engage in, investment banking and other commercial dealings in the ordinarycourse of business with us or our affiliates. They may in the future receive customary fees and commissions for these transactions. Exceptfor services provided in connection with this offering, the representative has not provided any financing, investment and/or advisoryservices to us during the 180 day period preceding the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms apart, and as of the date of this prospectus, we do not have any agreement or arrangement with the representative to provide any of suchservices during the 60 day period following the effective date of such registration statement.

 

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OffersOutside the United States

 

Otherthan in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the securities offeredby this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this prospectus may not beoffered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection withthe offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will resultin compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes areadvised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus.This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus inany jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.

 

Theunderwriters are expected to make offers and sales both in and outside the United States through their respective selling agents. Anyoffers and sales in the United States will be conducted by broker-dealers registered with the SEC.

 

Canada

 

Thesecurities may be sold in Canada only to purchasers purchasing, or deemed to be purchasing, as principal that are accredited investors,as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions or subsection 73.3(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario), and are permittedclients, as defined in National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations. Any resaleof the securities must be made in accordance with an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the prospectus requirementsof applicable securities laws.

 

Securitieslegislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if this prospectus(including any amendment thereto) contains a misrepresentation, provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised bythe purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory. The purchasershould refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for particularsof these rights or consult with a legal advisor.

 

Pursuantto section 3A.3 of National Instrument 33-105 Underwriting Conflicts (NI 33-105), the underwriter is not required to comply with thedisclosure requirements of NI 33-105 regarding underwriter conflicts of interest in connection with this offering.

 

EuropeanEconomic Area — Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg and Netherlands

 

Theinformation in this document has been prepared on the basis that all offers of securities will be made pursuant to an exemption underthe Directive 2003/71/EC (the “Prospectus Directive”), as implemented in Member States of the European Economic Area (the“Relevant Member States”), from the requirement to produce a prospectus for offers of securities.

 

Anoffer to the public of securities has not been made, and may not be made, in a Relevant Member State except pursuant to one of the followingexemptions under the Prospectus Directive as implemented in that Relevant Member State:

 

  to legal entities that are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities;
     
  to any legal entity that has two or more of (i) an average of at least 250 employees during its last fiscal year; (ii) a total balance sheet of more than €43,000,000 (as shown on its last annual unconsolidated or consolidated financial statements) and (iii) an annual net turnover of more than €50,000,000 (as shown on its last annual unconsolidated or consolidated financial statements);
     
  to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors within the meaning of Article 2(1)(e) of the Prospectus Directive) subject to obtaining the prior consent of our Company or any underwriter for any such offer; or
     
  in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, provided that no such offer of securities shall result in a requirement for the publication by our Company of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.

 

96
 

 

France

 

Thisdocument is not being distributed in the context of a public offering of financial securities (offre au public de titres financiers)in France within the meaning of Article L.411-1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code (Code monétaire et financier) and Articles211-1, et seq. of the General Regulation of the French Autorité des marchés financiers (the “AMF”). The securitieshave not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in France.

 

Thisdocument and any other offering material relating to the securities have not been, and will not be, submitted to the AMF for approvalin France and, accordingly, may not be distributed or caused to distributed, directly or indirectly, to the public in France.

 

Suchoffers, sales and distributions have been and shall only be made in France to (i) qualified investors (investisseurs qualifiés)acting for their own account, as defined in and in accordance with Articles L.411-2-II-2° and D.411-1 to D.411-3, D.744-1, D.754-1and D.764-1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code and any implementing regulation and/or (ii) a restricted number of non-qualifiedinvestors (cercle restreint d’investisseurs non-qualifiés) acting for their own account, as defined in and in accordancewith Articles L.411-2-II-2° and D.411-4, D.744-1, D.754-1 and D.764-1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code and any implementingregulation.

 

Pursuantto Article 211-3 of the General Regulation of the AMF, investors in France are informed that the securities cannot be distributed (directlyor indirectly) to the public by the investors otherwise than in accordance with Articles L.411-1, L.411-2, L.412-1 and L.621-8 to L.621-8-3of the French Monetary and Financial Code.

 

Ireland

 

Theinformation in this document does not constitute a prospectus under any Irish laws or regulations and this document has not been filedwith or approved by any Irish regulatory authority as the information has not been prepared in the context of a public offering of securitiesin Ireland within the meaning of the Irish Prospectus (Directive 2003/71/EC) Regulations 2005 (the “Prospectus Regulations”).The securities have not been offered or sold, and will not be offered, sold or delivered directly or indirectly in Ireland by way ofa public offering, except to (i) qualified investors as defined in Regulation 2(l) of the Prospectus Regulations and (ii) fewer than100 natural or legal persons who are not qualified investors.

 

Italy

 

Theoffering of the securities in the Republic of Italy has not been authorized by the Italian Securities and Exchange Commission (CommissioneNazionale per le Societá e la Borsa (“CONSOB”)) pursuant to the Italian securities legislation and, accordingly, nooffering material relating to the securities may be distributed in Italy and such securities may not be offered or sold in Italy in apublic offer within the meaning of Article 1.1(t) of Legislative Decree No. 58 of 24 February 1998 (“Decree No. 58”), otherthan:

 

  to Italian qualified investors, as defined in Article 100 of Decree No. 58 by reference to Article 34-3 of CONSOB Regulation no. 11971 of 14 May 1999, as amended (“Regulation no. 11971”); and
     
  in other circumstances that are exempt from the rules on public offer pursuant to Article 100 of Decree No. 58 and Article 34-ter of Regulation No. 11971 as amended.

 

Anyoffer, sale or delivery of the securities or distribution of any offer document relating to the securities in Italy (excluding placementswhere a qualified investor solicits an offer from the issuer) under the paragraphs above must be:

 

  made by investment firms, banks or financial intermediaries permitted to conduct such activities in Italy in accordance with Legislative Decree No. 385 of 1 September 1993 (as amended), Decree No. 58, CONSOB Regulation No. 16190 of 29 October 2007 and any other applicable laws; and
     
  in compliance with all relevant Italian securities, tax and exchange controls and any other applicable laws.

 

Anysubsequent distribution of the securities in Italy must be made in compliance with the public offer and prospectus requirement rulesprovided under Decree No. 58 and the Regulation No. 11971 as amended unless an exception from those rules applies. Failure to complywith such rules may result in the sale of such securities being declared null and void and in the liability of the entity transferringthe securities for any damages suffered by the investors.

 

97
 

 

Portugal

 

Thisdocument is not being distributed in the context of a public offer of financial securities (oferta pública de valores mobiliários)in Portugal, within the meaning of Article 109 of the Portuguese Securities Code (Código dos Valores Mobiliários). Thesecurities have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in Portugal. This documentand any other offering material relating to the securities have not been, and will not be, submitted to the Portuguese Securities MarketCommission (Comissão do Mercado de Valores Mobiliários) for approval in Portugal and, accordingly, may not be distributedor caused to distributed, directly or indirectly, to the public in Portugal, other than under circumstances that are deemed not to qualifyas a public offer under the Portuguese Securities Code. Such offers, sales and distributions of securities in Portugal are limited topersons who are “qualified investors” (as defined in the Portuguese Securities Code). Only such investors may receive thisdocument and they may not distribute it or the information contained in it to any other person.

 

Switzerland

 

Thesecurities may not be publicly offered in Switzerland and will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange (the “SIX”), or onany other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. This document has been prepared without regard to the disclosurestandards for issuance prospectuses under art. 652a or art. 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations or the disclosure standards for listingprospectuses under art. 27 ff. of the SIX Listing Rules or the listing rules of any other stock exchange or regulated trading facilityin Switzerland. Neither this document nor any other offering material relating to the securities may be publicly distributed or otherwisemade publicly available in Switzerland.

 

Neitherthis document nor any other offering material relating to the securities have been or will be filed with or approved by any Swiss regulatoryauthority. In particular, this document will not be filed with, and the offer of securities will not be supervised by, the Swiss FinancialMarket Supervisory Authority.

 

Thisdocument is personal to the recipient only and not for general circulation in Switzerland.

 

UnitedKingdom

 

Neitherthe information in this document nor any other document relating to the offer has been delivered for approval to the Financial ServicesAuthority in the United Kingdom and no prospectus (within the meaning of section 85 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, asamended (the “FSMA”)) has been published or is intended to be published in respect of the securities. This document is issuedon a confidential basis to “qualified investors” (within the meaning of section 86(7) of FSMA) in the United Kingdom, andthe securities may not be offered or sold in the United Kingdom by means of this document, any accompanying letter or any other document,except in circumstances which do not require the publication of a prospectus pursuant to section 86(1) FSMA. This document should notbe distributed, published or reproduced, in whole or in part, nor may its contents be disclosed by recipients to any other person inthe United Kingdom.

 

Anyinvitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of section 21 of FSMA) received in connection with theissue or sale of the securities has only been communicated or caused to be communicated and will only be communicated or caused to becommunicated in the United Kingdom in circumstances in which section 21(1) of FSMA does not apply to our Company.

 

Inthe United Kingdom, this document is being distributed only to, and is directed at, persons (i) who have professional experience in mattersrelating to investments falling within Article 19(5) (investment professionals) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FinancialPromotions) Order 2005 (the “FPO”), (ii) who fall within the categories of persons referred to in Article 49(2)(a) to (d)(high net worth companies, unincorporated associations, etc.) of the FPO or (iii) to whom it may otherwise be lawfully communicated.The investments to which this document relates are available only to, and any invitation, offer or agreement to purchase will be engagedin only with, such persons. Any person who is not such a person should not act or rely on this document or any of its contents.

 

98
 

 

Japan

 

Thesecurities have not been and will not be registered under Article 4, paragraph 1 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan(Law No. 25 of 1948), as amended (the “FIEL”), pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements applicable toa private placement of securities to Qualified Institutional Investors (as defined in and in accordance with Article 2, paragraph 3 ofthe FIEL and the regulations promulgated thereunder). Accordingly, the securities may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly,in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan other than Qualified Institutional Investors. Any Qualified InstitutionalInvestor who acquires securities may not resell them to any person in Japan that is not a Qualified Institutional Investor, and acquisitionby any such person of securities is conditional upon the execution of an agreement to that effect.

 

China

 

Theinformation in this document does not constitute a public offer of the securities, whether by way of sale or subscription, in the People’sRepublic of China (excluding, for purposes of this paragraph, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macau Special Administrative Regionand Taiwan). The securities may not be offered or sold directly or indirectly in the People’s Republic of China to legal or naturalpersons other than directly to “qualified domestic institutional investors.”

 

HongKong

 

Thesecurities have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold in Hong Kong, by means of any document, other than (a) to “professionalinvestors” as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571) of Hong Kong and any rules made under that Ordinance;or (b) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a “prospectus” as defined in the Companies Ordinance(Cap. 32) of Hong Kong or which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of that Ordinance. No advertisement, invitationor document relating to the securities has been or may be issued or has been or may be in the possession of any person for the purposesof issue, whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, thepublic of Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to securities whichare or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” as defined inthe Securities and Futures Ordinance and any rules made under that Ordinance.

 

EXPENSESRELATED TO THE OFFERING

 

Thefollowing table sets forth the costs and expenses, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses, payable in connectionwith this offering. All amounts shown are estimates and subject to future contingencies, except the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commissionregistration fee, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority filing fee, and The Nasdaq Capital Market entry fee.

 

Description  Amount 
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee  $        
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority filing fee     
The Nasdaq Capital Market entry fee     
Accounting fees and expenses     
Legal fees and expenses     
Roadshow expenses     
Printing expenses     
Non-accountable expenses     
Miscellaneous     
Total  $ 

 

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LEGALMATTERS

 

Thevalidity of the common shares offered in this offering and certain legal matters as to Japanese law will be passed upon for us by City-YuwaPartners, Tokyo, Japan.

 

Certainlegal matters in connection with this offering with respect to United States federal securities law will be passed upon for us by AnthonyL.G., PLLC, West Palm Beach, Florida. Bevilacqua PLLC, Washington, D.C., is acting as U.S. counsel to the underwriters with respect tothis offering.

 

EXPERTS

 

Ourconsolidated financial statements as of November 30, 2022 and 2021 and for the years then ended included in this prospectus have beenaudited by MaloneBailey, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as indicated in their report with respect thereto, andhave been so included in reliance upon the report of such firm given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

DISCLOSUREOF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES

 

Insofaras indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling theregistrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and ExchangeCommission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

 

ENFORCEABILITYOF CIVIL LIABILITIES

 

Weare a joint stock corporation organized under Japanese law. Most of our directors, corporate auditors and executive officers reside inJapan, and significantly all of our assets and the assets of such persons are located outside of the United States. As a result, it maynot be possible for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons or us, or to enforce against themor us judgments obtained in U.S. courts, whether or not predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities lawsof the United States or of the securities laws of any state of the United States. Our Japanese counsel, City-Yuwa Partners, has advisedus that there is doubt as to the enforceability in Japan, either in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgments of U.S.courts, of civil liabilities predicated solely on the federal securities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any stateof the United States. A Japanese court may refuse to apply provisions of U.S. securities laws in original actions, or to enforce judgmentsof U.S. courts that are based on such provisions, if it considers such provisions to be contrary to the public policy of Japan.

 

Wehave appointed Cogency Global Inc. as our agent to receive service of process with respect to any action brought against us in the UnitedStates District Court for the Southern District of New York under the federal securities laws of the United States or of any state inthe United States or any action brought against us in the Supreme Court of the State of New York in the County of New York under thesecurities laws of the State of New York.

 

City-YuwaPartners has further advised that the United States and Japan do not currently have a treaty providing for reciprocal recognition andenforcement of judgments, other than arbitration awards, in civil and commercial matters, and a Japanese court may deem that there isnot sufficient basis for the reciprocity on the enforcement of judgments. Therefore, if you obtain a civil judgment by a U.S. court,you may not be able to enforce it in Japan.

 

100
 

 

WHEREYOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

Wehave filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (which we refer to as the “SEC”) a registration statement onForm F-1 under the Securities Act relating to the common shares being offered by this prospectus. This prospectus, which constitutespart of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement or the exhibits andschedules which are part of the registration statement. Some items included in the registration statement have been omitted from thisprospectus in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information about our Company and our common shares beingoffered by this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement, including all amendments, supplements, exhibits, and schedulesthereto. Statements contained in this prospectus regarding the contents of any contract or any other document are not necessarily complete.If a contract or document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, please see a copy of such contract or documentthat has been filed. Each statement in this prospectus relating to a contract or document that is filed as an exhibit to the registrationstatement is qualified in all respects by reference to the full text of such contract or document filed as an exhibit to the registrationstatement.

 

Youmay access and read the registration statement and this prospectus, including the related exhibits and schedules, and any document wefile with the SEC at the SEC’s Internet website that contains reports and other information regarding issuers that file electronicallywith the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are available to the public without charge through the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

Uponcompletion of this offering, we will be subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act that are applicable to“foreign private issuers”, and under those requirements will file reports with the SEC. Those other reports or other informationmay be inspected without charge at the locations described above. As a “foreign private issuer”, we will be exempt from therules under the Exchange Act related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors, corporate auditors,and principal shareholders will be exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions contained in Section16 of the Exchange Act with respect to their purchases and sales of securities. In addition, as a “foreign private issuer”,we are also not subject to the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Furthermore, we willnot be required under the Exchange Act to file annual or other reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptlyas U.S. companies that have securities registered under the Exchange Act. As such, we will file with the SEC, within 120 days after theend of each fiscal year, or such other applicable time as required by the SEC, an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statementsaudited by an independent registered public accounting firm. We also intend to furnish to the SEC under cover of Form 6-K certain othermaterial information.

 

Ourcorporate website is https://metros61.com/. After the consummation of this offering, you may go to our website to access our periodicreports and other information that we file with the SEC as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filedwith, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by referenceinto, and is not a part of, this prospectus. We have included our website address in this prospectus solely for informational purposes.

 

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MetrosDevelopment Co., Ltd.

 

INDEXTO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of November 30, 2022 and 2021 F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended November 30, 2022 and 2021 F-4
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended November 30, 2022 and 2021 F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended November 30, 2022 and 2021 F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-7
   
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of May 31, 2023 (Unaudited) and November 30, 2022 F-25
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the Six Months Ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) F-26
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Six Months Ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) F-27
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) F-28
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements F-29

 

F-1

 

 

REPORTOF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

Tothe Shareholders and Board of Directors of

MetrosDevelopment Co., Ltd.

 

Opinionon the Financial Statements

 

Wehave audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Metros Development Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”)as of November 30, 2022 and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”).In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of November30, 2022 and 2021, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principlesgenerally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Basisfor Opinion

 

Thesefinancial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sfinancial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board(United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federalsecurities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

Weconducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtainreasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Companyis not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our auditswe are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinionon the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 

Ouraudits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to erroror fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regardingthe amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significantestimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our auditsprovide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/s/MaloneBailey, LLP

www.malonebailey.com

Wehave served as the Company’s auditor since 2022.

Houston,Texas

July10, 2023

 

F-2

 

 

METROSDEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.

CONSOLIDATEDBALANCE SHEETS

 

   As of November 30, 
   2022   2021 
ASSETS          
Cash and cash equivalents  $6,610,424   $18,439,639 
Restricted cash   1,579,534    1,943,487 
Term deposits   1,534,336    1,365,202 
Accounts receivable   946,342    650,651 
Investments   1,686,705    1,510,774 
Real estate inventories   196,951,361    127,294,382 
Prepaid expenses   15,662,013    7,887,824 
Property and equipment, net   10,002,143    5,946,338 
Operating lease right-of-use assets   1,349,662    2,365,854 
Other assets (including loan receivable of $602,674 and $800,413 from a related party as of November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively)   7,022,878    7,324,500 
TOTAL ASSETS   243,345,398    174,728,651 
           
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY          
Liabilities:          
Accounts and other payables (including vendor payable of $25,841,648 and $17,664,724 to a related party as of November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively)  $27,145,398   $18,318,643 
Bank and other borrowings (including loan payable of $3,589 and $4,416 to a related party as of November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively)   101,091,296    73,084,945 
Income tax payables   17,233,749    3,754,640 
Operating lease liabilities   1,337,506    2,388,680 
Other liabilities   5,835,529    5,467,233 
TOTAL LIABILITIES   152,643,478    103,014,141 
           
Shareholders’ Equity:          
Common shares (196,000,000 shares authorized, 49,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of November 30, 2022 and 2021, with no stated value)*   469,439    469,439 
Retained earnings   110,912,987    76,304,158 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss   (20,680,506)   (5,059,087)
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY   90,701,920    71,714,510 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  $243,345,398   $174,728,651 

 

*Giveneffect of the Stock Split, see Note 13.

 

Theaccompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-3

 

 

METROSDEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.

CONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

   For the Years Ended November 30, 
   2022   2021 
         
Revenues  $472,858,985   $309,378,119 
Cost of revenues   (349,511,552)   (240,387,432)
Gross profit   123,347,433    68,990,687 
           
Operating expenses          
Selling, general and administrative expenses (including selling, general and administrative expenses resulting from transactions with a related party of $25,235,001 and $16,680,567 for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively)   (61,707,664)   (41,479,195)
Total operating expenses   (61,707,664)   (41,479,195)
           
Income from operations   61,639,769    27,511,492 
           
Other income (expenses)          
Other income (including other income resulting from transactions with related parties of $84,728 and $101,687 for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively)   497,186    596,801 
Other expenses   (6,915)   (10,992)
Interest expenses   (2,232,328)   (1,374,628)
Loss from equity method investments   (415,159)   (2,931,849)
Total other expenses   (2,157,216)   (3,720,668)
Income before income taxes   59,482,553    23,790,824 
Income tax expense   (23,117,486)   (9,015,559)
Net income  $36,365,067   $14,775,265 
           
Net income per share          
- Basic and diluted*  $0.74   $0.30 
           
Weighted average shares outstanding          
- Basic and diluted*   49,000,000    49,000,000 
           
Comprehensive income          
Net income  $36,365,067   $14,775,265 
Other comprehensive loss          
Foreign currency translation adjustment   (15,621,419)   (5,419,570)
Total Comprehensive income  $20,743,648   $9,355,695 

 

*Giveneffect of the Stock Split, see Note 13.

 

Theaccompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-4

 

 

METROSDEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.

CONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FORTHE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2022 AND 2021

 

   Common
Shares
   Retained
Earnings
   Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
  

Total

Shareholders’
Equity

 
Balance as of November 30, 2020  $469,439   $61,528,893   $360,483   $62,358,815 
Net income   -    14,775,265    -    14,775,265 
Foreign currency translation adjustment   -    -    (5,419,570)   (5,419,570)
Balance as of November 30, 2021   469,439    76,304,158    (5,059,087)   71,714,510 
Net income   -    36,365,067    -    36,365,067 
Distribution of dividends   -    (1,756,238)   -    (1,756,238)
Foreign currency translation adjustment   -    -    (15,621,419)   (15,621,419)
Balance as of November 30, 2022  $469,439   $110,912,987   $(20,680,506)  $90,701,920 

 

Theaccompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-5

 

 

METROSDEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.

CONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

   For the Years Ended November 30, 
   2022   2021 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES          
Net income  $36,365,067   $14,775,265 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:          
Depreciation expense   328,943    209,249 
Fair value change of investments   (37,029)   (37,470)
Loss from equity method investments   415,159    2,931,849 
Gain on disposal of property and equipment   (66,917)   (26,065)
Non-cash lease expense   660,724    672,809 
Loss on modification of an operating lease contract   -    19 
Deferred income tax   1,052,812    679,502 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:          
Accounts receivable   (448,517)   (483,945)
Real estate inventories   (100,431,985)   (45,110,715)
Prepaid expenses   (9,937,664)   (4,694,160)
Other assets   (1,521,849)   (1,856,609)
Accounts and other payables   13,166,695    2,108,239 
Income tax payables   15,234,276    1,254,577 
Operating lease liabilities   (693,709)   (643,682)
Other liabilities   248,604    462,469 
NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES   (45,665,390)   (29,758,668)
           
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES          
Purchase of property and equipment   (5,930,453)   (465,726)
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment   115,539    122,508 
Loan provided to an employee   (274,121)   - 
Loan repayments from employees   6,658    7,922 
Loan repayments from a related party   8,928    10,496 
Purchase of term deposits   (456,320)   (1,140,187)
Purchase of investments   (560,213)   (1,865,561)
Proceeds from sales of investments   34,353    1,013,514 
Distribution from silent partnerships   479,772    620,037 
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES   (6,575,857)   (1,696,997)
           
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES          
Proceeds from bank loans and other borrowings   125,596,421    91,604,587 
Borrowings from a related party   -    4,587 
Repayments of bank loans and other borrowings   (80,810,000)   (64,787,048)
Distribution of dividends   (1,756,238)   - 
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES   43,030,183    26,822,126 
           
Effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rate   (2,982,104)   (1,931,343)
           
NET DECREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH   (12,193,168)   (6,564,882)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AS OF THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR   20,383,126    26,948,008 
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AS OF THE END OF THE YEAR  $8,189,958   $20,383,126 
           
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION          
Cash paid for interest expense  $2,232,328   $1,374,628 
Cash paid for income taxes  $6,833,584   $7,106,707 
           
NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES          
Payroll withheld as repayments of loan receivables from an employee  $151,966   $- 
Payroll withheld as repayments of loan receivables from a related party  $42,458   $28,431 
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities  $45,097   $2,940,255 
           
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the consolidated balance sheets          
Cash and cash equivalents  $6,610,424   $18,439,639 
Restricted cash   1,579,534    1,943,487 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash  $8,189,958   $20,383,126 

 

Theaccompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-6

 

 

METROSDEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.

NOTESTO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE1 - ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

 

MetrosDevelopment Co., Ltd. (“Metros”) was incorporated in Japan on March 29, 2013. In February 2020, Metros completed an acquisitionof 100% equity interest of Yuryo Shoji Co. (“Yuryo”), an entity incorporated in Japan in October 2015. The acquisition ofYuryo was accounted for as an asset acquisition. In June 2020, Yuryo ceased by dissolution and transferred all of its assets and liabilitiesto Metros. As of November 30, 2022, Metros had two wholly owned subsidiaries, Royal House Co., Ltd. (“Royal House”), whichwas incorporated in Japan in October 2015, and Metros Resort LLC (“Metros Resort”), previously known as Metros 1 LLC, whichwas incorporated in Japan in February 2020.

 

Metrosand its subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”,“we” and “us” unless specific reference is made to an entity. The Company is engaged in the business of realestate sales, where the Company identifies and purchases unutilized land and buildings from landowners and sells to developers for redevelopment,and purchases small adjacent individual lots in bulk and sells to developers as large lots for development on a larger scale, real estateleasing and brokerage. The Company’s operations are conducted in Japan.

 

NOTE2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

(a)Basis of Presentation and Principals of Consolidation

 

Theaccompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in theUnited States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission(“SEC”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Allsignificant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

 

Theconsolidated balance sheets are presented in an unclassified format since the Company has substantial operations in the real estate industryand its operating cycle is greater than one year.

 

(b)Foreign Currency

 

TheCompany maintains its books and record in its local currency, Japanese YEN (“JPY” or “¥”), which is a functionalcurrency as being the primary currency of the economic environment in which its operation is conducted. Transactions denominated in currenciesother than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction.Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currencyusing the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in other income (expenses)in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

 

Thereporting currency of the Company is the United States Dollars (“US$”), and the accompanying consolidated financial statementshave been expressed in US$. In accordance with ASC Topic 830-30, “Translations of Financial Statements”, assets and liabilitiesof the Company whose functional currency is not US$ are translated into US$, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenuesand expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from the translation of financialstatements are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within the statements of changes inshareholders’ equity.

 

F-7

 

 

Translationof amounts from local currency of the Company into US$1 has been made at the following exchange rates:

 

   November 30,
2022
   November 30,
2021
 
Current JPY: US$1 exchange rate   139.31    113.22 
Average JPY: US$1 exchange rate   129.69    109.00 

 

(c)Use of Estimates

 

Inpreparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity U.S. GAAP, the management is required to make certain estimates and assumptionsthat affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financialstatements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information availableas of the date of the consolidated financial statements. Significant estimates required to be made by management include, but are notlimited to, the impairment of long-lived assets, useful lives of property and equipment, valuation allowance of deferred tax assets,uncertain income tax positions, purchase price allocation of acquired real estates, allowance for credit losses and implicit interestrate of operating leases. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

COVID-19

 

Whilethe duration and extent of the COVID-19 pandemic depends on future developments that cannot be accurately predicted at this time, suchas the extent and effectiveness of containment actions, it has already had an adverse effect on the global economy and the lasting effectsof the pandemic continue to be unknown. The Company may experience customer losses, including due to bankruptcy or customers ceasingoperations, which may result in delays in collections or an inability to collect accounts receivable from these customers. The extentto which COVID-19 may continue to impact the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity continues to remainuncertain, and as of the date of issuance of these financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstancethat would require an update to its estimates or judgments or an adjustment to the carrying value of the Company’s assets or liabilities.These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained, which will be recognized in the consolidatedfinancial statements as soon as they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and any such differences may bematerial to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

(d)Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Cashand cash equivalents include cash on hand and deposits in banks and other financial institutions that are unrestricted as to withdrawalor use, and which have original maturities of three months or less. The Company maintains all of its bank accounts in Japan. Cash balancesin bank accounts in Japan are insured by the Deposit Insurance Corporation of Japan subject to certain limitations.

 

(e)Restricted Cash

 

Restrictedcash represents cash pledged to financial institutions as collateral for the Company’s bank loans. The restricted cash is not availablefor withdrawal or the Company’s general use until after the corresponding bank loans are repaid.

 

(f)Term Deposits

 

Termdeposits consist of deposits placed with financial institutions with original maturities of greater than three months.

 

F-8

 

 

(g)Accounts Receivable

 

Accountsreceivable represents the Company’s right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time isrequired before payment of the consideration is due). The Company’s accounts receivable balances are unsecured, bear no interestand are due upon normally within a year from the date of the sale.

 

TheCompany adopted Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurementof Credit Losses on Financial Instruments on December 1, 2020.

 

Theallowance for credit losses reflects the Company’s current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of thereceivables. The Company considers various factors in establishing, monitoring, and adjusting its allowance for credit losses includingthe aging of receivables and aging trends, customer creditworthiness and specific exposures related to particular customers. The Companyalso monitors other risk factors and forward-looking information, such as country specific risks and economic factors that may affecta customer’s ability to pay in establishing and adjusting its allowance for credit losses. Accounts receivable balances are writtenoff after all collection efforts have ceased. No allowance for credit losses were reserved as of November 30, 2022 and 2021.

 

(h)Investments

 

Investmentsin funds that report net asset value (“NAV”) per share

 

Wehold investments in Japanese pooled funds. These funds are generally readily redeemable at their net asset values. The fair value ofinvestment funds is measured at their net asset values per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient.

 

Investmentsin privately held companies and organizations that do not report NAV per share

 

Investmentsin privately held entities that do not report NAV per share are accounted for using a measurement alternative, under which these investmentsare measured at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments, with changes recognized in other income (expenses).

 

Investmentsaccounted for under equity method

 

Weuse the equity method to account for investments in silent partnerships, which is a structure similar to limited partnership, that wedo not have a controlling financial interest but have the ability to influence the operating and financial policies of the investees.Under the equity method of accounting, we initially recognize our investments at cost and subsequently adjust the carrying amount ofthe investments for our share of earnings or losses reported by the investees, distributions received, and other-than-temporary impairments.Losses in excess of the carrying amount of our equity method investments, if any, are recognized when (i) we are unlikely to abandonthe investee due to operating considerations, or (ii) it is anticipated that the investee’s return to profitability is imminent.Losses in excess of the carrying amount of our equity method investments are presented as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets.

 

(i)Real Estate Inventories

 

Realestate inventories represent mainly small adjacent individual lots, which consist of lands and/or lands with buildings attached, thatwill be grouped into larger lots for the purpose of selling to developers. Substantially all of our real estate inventories are in theprocess of combining into larger lots. Real estate inventories are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value less cost to sell. Ifan asset’s fair value less cost to sell, based on discounted future cash flows, management estimates or market comparisons, isless than its carrying amount, an allowance is recorded against the asset.

 

Thecost basis of the real estate inventories includes all direct acquisition costs including but not limited to the property purchase price,acquisition costs, dismantlement costs, capitalized interest, capitalized real estate taxes and other costs. Interests and real estatetaxes are not capitalized unless active redevelopment is underway. When acquiring real estate with existing buildings, we allocate thepurchase price between land, building and intangibles related to in-place leases, if any, based on their relative fair values.

 

F-9

 

 

(j)Prepaid Expenses

 

Prepaidexpenses represent prepayment made to landowners and other suppliers for purchasing real estate inventories and other operational purpose.

 

(k)Property and Equipment, Net

 

Propertyand equipment, including real estate properties held for lease, are measured using the cost model and is stated at cost less accumulateddepreciation. Acquisition cost includes mainly the costs directly attributable to the acquisition and the initial estimated dismantlement,removal, and restoration costs associated with the assets. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line and declining methods overthe estimated useful lives, as more details follow. Depreciation is included in cost of revenues and selling, general and administrativeexpenses and is allocated based on estimated usage for each class of asset.

 

Certainbuildings were still under construction as of November 30, 2022 and 2021, and the costs of construction were reported as constructionin progress. No provision for depreciation is made on the assets under construction until such time as the relevant assets are completedand ready for their intended use.

 

    Depreciation Method   Useful Life
Buildings, including buildings held for lease   Straight-line method   23-47 years
Facilities attached to buildings   Straight-line method   3-15 years
Vehicles   Declining balance method   5-10 years
Tools, furniture and fixture   Declining balance method   3-15 years
Land   Not depreciated   -
Software*   Straight-line method   5 years

 

*Representsoftware that is non-detachable to the hardware.

 

Expendituresfor maintenance and repairs, which do not materially extend the useful lives of the assets, are charged to expense as incurred. Expendituresfor major renewals and betterments which substantially extend the useful life of assets are capitalized. When items are retired or otherwisedisposed of, income is charged or credited for the difference between net book value of the item disposed and proceeds realized thereon.

 

(l)Corporate-owned Life Insurance Policies

 

TheCompany has purchased corporate-owned life insurance policies to insure the life of its Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”).Management considers these policies to be operating assets. These insurance policies are recorded at their cash surrender values, includedin other assets in the consolidated balance sheets with change in cash surrender value during the period recorded in selling, generaland administrative expenses.

 

(m)Leases

 

TheCompany determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception or modification of the arrangement. An arrangement is or containsa lease if there are identified assets and the right to control the use of an identified asset is conveyed for a period in exchange forconsideration. Control over the use of the identified assets means the lessee has both the right to obtain substantially all of the economicbenefits from the use of the asset and the right to direct the use of the asset.

 

F-10

 

 

Weclassify our leases as either finance leases or operating leases if we are the lessee, or sale-type, direct financing, or operating leasesif we are the lessor. We use the following criteria to determine if a lease is a finance lease (as a lessee) or sales-type or directfinancing lease (as a lessor):

 

  (i) ownership is transferred from lessor to lessee by the end of the lease term;
  (ii) an option to purchase is reasonably certain to be exercised;
  (iii) the lease term is for the major part of the underlying asset’s remaining economic life;
  (iv) the present value of lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying assets; or
  (v) the underlying asset is specialized and is expected to have no alternative use at the end of the lease term.

 

Ifwe meet any of the above criteria, we account for the lease as a finance, a sales-type, or a direct financing lease. If we do not meetany of the criteria, we account for the lease as an operating lease.

 

Lesseeaccounting

 

TheCompany recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for all leases other than those with a term of twelve months or less asthe Company has elected to apply the short-term lease recognition exemption. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s rightto use an underlying asset for the lease term. Lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arisingfrom the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are classified and recognized at the commencement date of a lease. Lease liabilitiesare measured based on the present value of fixed lease payments over the lease term. Right-of-use assets consist of (i) initial measurementof the lease liability; (ii) lease payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received;and (iii) initial direct costs incurred by the Company.

 

Asthe rates implicit on the Company’s leases for which it is the lessee are not readily determinable, the Company uses its incrementalborrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. When determiningthe incremental borrowing rate, the Company assesses multiple variables such as lease term, collateral, economic conditions, and itscreditworthiness.

 

Fromtime to time, we may enter into sublease agreements with third parties. Our subleases generally do not relieve us of our primary obligationsunder the corresponding head lease. As a result, we account for the head lease based on the original assessment at lease inception. Wedetermine if the sublease arrangement is either a sales-type, direct financing, or operating lease at inception of the sublease. If thetotal remaining lease cost on the head lease for the term of the sublease is greater than the anticipated sublease income, the right-of-useasset is assessed for impairment. Our subleases are generally operating leases and we recognize sublease income on a straight-line basisover the sublease term.

 

Lessoraccounting – operating leases

 

Weaccount for the revenue from our lease contracts by utilizing the single component accounting policy. This policy requires us to accountfor, by class of underlying asset, the lease component and nonlease component(s) associated with each lease as a single component iftwo criteria are met:

 

  (i) the timing and pattern of transfer of the lease component and the nonlease component(s) are the same; and
  (ii) the lease component would be classified as an operating lease if it were accounted for separately.

 

Leasecomponents consist primarily of fixed rental payments, which represent scheduled rental amounts due under our leases. Nonlease componentsconsist primarily of tenant recoveries representing reimbursements of rental operating expenses, including recoveries for utilities,repairs and maintenance and common area expenses.

 

Ifthe lease component is the predominant component, we account for all revenues under such lease as a single component in accordance withthe lease accounting standard. Conversely, if the nonlease component is the predominant component, all revenues under such lease areaccounted for in accordance with the revenue recognition accounting standard. Our operating leases qualify for the single component accounting,and the lease component in each of our leases is predominant. Therefore, we account for all revenues from our operating leases underthe lease accounting standard and classify these revenues as rental income.

 

F-11

 

 

Wecommence recognition of rental income related to the operating leases at the date the property is ready for its intended use by the tenantand the tenant takes possession or controls the physical use of the leased asset. Income from rentals related to fixed rental paymentsunder operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective operating lease terms. Amounts received currently butrecognized as revenue in future periods are classified in other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

 

(n)Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

Long-livedassets with finite lives, primarily real estate inventories, property and equipment, including real estate properties held for lease,and operating lease right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of an asset may not be recoverable. If the estimated cash flows from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are belowthe asset’s carrying value, then the asset is deemed to be impaired and written down to its fair value. There were no impairmentsof these assets during the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021.

 

(o)Revenue Recognition

 

TheCompany recognizes revenue from sales of real estate, providing real estate brokerage service under ASC Topic 606, “Revenue fromContracts with Customers”.

 

Todetermine revenue recognition for contracts with customers, the Company performs the following five steps : (i) identify the contract(s)with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variableconsideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction priceto the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the performanceobligation. Revenue amount represents the invoiced value, net of consumption tax and applicable local government levies, if any. Theconsumption tax on sales is calculated at 10% of gross sales.

 

TheCompany reports revenue on a gross or net basis based on management’s assessment of whether the Company acts as a principal oragent in the transaction. The determination of whether the Company acts as a principal or an agent in a transaction is based on the evaluationof whether (i) the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified goods or service, (ii) the Companyhas inventory risk before the specified good or service has been transferred to a customer or after transfer of control to the customerand (iii) the Company has discretion in establishing the price for the specified good or service. If the terms of a transaction do notindicate the Company is acting as a principal in the transaction, then the Company is acting as an agent in the transaction and the associatedrevenues are recognized on a net basis.

 

TheCompany has utilized the practical expedient in ASC Topic 606 and elected not to capitalize contract costs for contracts with customerswith durations less than one year. The Company does not have significant remaining unfulfilled performance obligations or contract balances.

 

TheCompany recognizes revenue from rental services under ASC Topic 842, “Leases”.

 

TheCompany currently generates its revenue from the following main sources:

 

Realestate sales

 

Revenuesfrom real estate sales are recognized when the parties are bound by the terms of a contract, consideration has been exchanged, titleand other attributes of ownership have been conveyed to the buyer by means of a closing and the Company is not obligated to perform furthersignificant development of the specific property sold, which is generally upon the delivery ofthe real estate, which generally coincides with the receipt of cash consideration from the customer. Our contracts with customers containa single performance obligation and we do not provide warranties for sold real estate.

 

F-12

 

 

Rentalrevenue

 

Rentalincome is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the tenancy agreements. For real estate leases, these contractsare treated as leases for accounting purposes, rather than contracts with customers subject to ASC Topic 606. Also see Note 2(m).

 

Realestate brokerage revenue

 

Werecognize commission-based brokerage revenue upon closing of a brokerage transaction. The transaction price is either fixed or calculatedby taking the agreed upon commission rate and applying that to the real estate’s selling price. Brokerage revenue primarily containsa single performance obligation that is satisfied upon the closing of a real estate services transaction, at which point the entire transactionprice is earned. We are not entitled to any commission until the performance obligation is satisfied and are not owed any commissionfor unsuccessful transactions, even if services have been provided.

 

(p)Advertising Expenses

 

TheCompany expenses advertising costs as they incurred. Total advertising expenses were US$97,360 and US$49,242 for the years ended November30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and have been included as part of selling, general and administrative expenses.

 

(q)Concentration of Credit Risk

 

Financialinstruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of accounts receivable. The Company does notrequire collateral or other security to support these receivables. The Company conducts periodic reviews of the financial condition andpayment practices of its customers to minimize collection risk on accounts receivable.

 

Forthe year ended November 30, 2022, customer A represents 12% of the Company’s total revenues. For the year ended November 30, 2021,customer B accounts for 14% of the Company’s total revenues.

 

Asof November 30, 2022, customer C and D represent 38% and 38% of the Company’s total outstanding accounts receivable, respectively.As of November 30, 2021, customer E, F and G account for 14%, 27% and 54% of the Company’s total accounts receivable, respectively.

 

Asof November 30, 2022 and 2021, vendor A represents 95% and 96%, respectively, of the Company’s total outstanding accounts payable.

 

(r)Segment Reporting

 

ASCTopic 280, “Segment Reporting,” requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The managementapproach model is based on the way a company’s chief operating decision maker organizes segments within the company for makingoperating decisions assessing performance and allocating resources. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography,legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company.

 

Managementdetermined the Company’s operations constitute a single reportable segment in accordance with ASC Topic 280.

 

(s)Comprehensive Income or Loss

 

ASCTopic 220, “Comprehensive Income,” establishes standards for reporting and display of comprehensive income or loss, its componentsand accumulated balances. Comprehensive income or loss as defined includes all changes in shareholders’ equity during a periodfrom non-owner sources.

 

F-13

 

 

(t)Net Income Per Share

 

Basicnet income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reportingperiod. Diluted net income per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options and other commitments to issuecommon shares were exercised or equity awards vest resulting in the issuance of common shares that could share in the net income of theCompany.

 

(u)Stock Based Compensation

 

TheCompany accounts for stock based compensation awards in accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.”The cost of services received from employees and non-employees in exchange for awards of equity instruments is recognized in the consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive income based on the estimated fair value of those awards on the grant date and amortized ona straight-line basis over the requisite service period or vesting period. The Company records forfeitures as they occur.

 

(v)Related Parties and Transactions

 

TheCompany identifies related parties, and accounts for, discloses related party transactions in accordance with ASC Topic 850, “RelatedParty Disclosures” and other relevant ASC standards.

 

Parties,which can be an entity or individual, are considered to be related if they have the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the Companyor exercise significant influence over the Company in making financial and operational decisions. Entities are also considered to berelated if they are subject to common control or common significant influence.

 

Transactionsinvolving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive,free market dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the relatedparty transactions were consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s-length transactions unless such representationscan be substantiated.

 

(w)Income Taxes

 

Incometaxes are accounted for using an asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, “IncomeTaxes.” Under this method, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of: (i) taxes payable or refundable for the currentperiod and (ii) deferred tax consequences of temporary differences resulting from matters that have been recognized in an entity’sfinancial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets also include the prior years’ net operating losses carried forward. Deferredtax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporarydifferences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognizedin the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the deferredtax assets reported if based on the weight of the available positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not some portion orall of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

 

TheCompany follows ASC Topic 740, which prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurementof a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC Topic 740 also provides guidance on recognition of income tax assetsand liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associatedwith tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods, and income tax disclosures.

 

Underthe provisions of ASC Topic 740, when tax returns are filed, it is likely that some positions taken would be sustained upon examinationby the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the positionthat would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which,based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination,including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions.Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is morethan 50% likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with taxpositions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in theaccompanying balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.Interest associated with unrecognized tax benefits is classified as interest expense and penalties are classified in selling, generaland administrative expenses in the statements of operations.

 

F-14

 

 

(x)Fair Value Measurements

 

TheCompany performs fair value measurements in accordance with ASC Topic 820. Fair value is defined as the price that would be receivedto sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC Topic820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservableinputs when measuring fair value. An asset’s or a liability’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based uponthe lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ASC Topic 820 establishes three levels of inputs that maybe used to measure fair value:

 

  Level 1: quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
  Level 2: inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly; or
  Level 3: unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair values of the assets or liabilities.

 

Asof November 30, 2022 and 2021, the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts and other payablesapproximated their fair values reported in the consolidated balance sheets due to the short-term maturities of these instruments; anddebt that bears variable interest rates index to prime also approximates fair value as it reprices when market interest rates change.

 

(y)Commitments and Contingencies

 

Liabilitiesfor loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probablethat a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.

 

(z)Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

TheCompany has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and that may impact its financial statements and does notbelieve that there are any other new pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial positionor results of operations.

 

NOTE3 — INVESTMENTS

 

Investmentsconsist of the following:

 

   November 30,   November 30, 
   2022   2021 
Investments in funds that report NAV per share  $1,438,906   $1,187,538 
Investments in private entities or organizations that do not report NAV per share:          
Entities or organizations without observable price changes   198,909    182,918 
Investments in silent partnerships accounted for under the equity method   48,890    140,318 
Total  $1,686,705   $1,510,774 

 

F-15

 

 

Realizedand unrealized gain or loss on investments, and dividend income from investments, which were included in other income (expenses), wereas follows:

 

   For the Years Ended 
   November 30, 
   2022   2021 
Unrealized gain  $37,726   $41,959 
Realized loss   (697)   (4,489)
Dividend income   23,699    53,053 

 

Lossfrom equity method investments during the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021 were US$415,159 and US$2,931,849, respectively, includinglosses in excess of the carrying amount of equity method investments of US$824,949 and US$1,972,637, respectively.

 

NOTE4 — PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

 

Propertyand equipment, net consist of the following:

 

   November 30,   November 30, 
   2022   2021 
Land  $3,590,639   $729,455 
Buildings, including buildings held for lease   3,011,228    493,784 
Facilities attached to buildings   1,406,457    172,628 
Construction in progress   1,594,738    4,173,774 
Vehicles   680,935    514,266 
Tools, furniture and fixture   54,981    47,380 
Software   254,296    306,606 
Subtotal   10,593,274    6,437,893 
Less: accumulated depreciation   591,131    491,555 
Property and equipment, net  $10,002,143   $5,946,338 

 

Substantiallyall of the buildings consist of buildings held for lease. Certain property and equipment, mainly land and buildings, in the carryingamount of US$7,198,592 and US$4,089,523 as of November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, were pledged to secure the Company’s loans,see Note 6.

 

Depreciationexpense was US$328,943 and US$209,249 for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

 

NOTE5 — ACCOUNTS AND OTHER PAYABLES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

 

Accountsand other payables and other liabilities consist of the following:

 

   November 30,   November 30, 
   2022   2021 
Accounts and other payables          
Vendor payables (including $25,841,648 and $17,664,724 to a related party as of November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively)  $26,781,451   $18,079,174 
Accrued expenses   363,947    239,469 
Total accounts and other payables  $27,145,398   $18,318,643 
           
Other liabilities          
Deferred revenue  $88,276   $129,720 
Accrued eviction costs payable to tenants   205,435    166,460 
Rental deposits received from tenants   154,679    221,566 
Losses in excess of the carrying amount of equity method investments   3,208,939    3,003,441 
Deferred income tax liabilities   1,738,206    1,432,751 
Others (a)   439,994    513,295 
Total other liabilities  $5,835,529   $5,467,233 

 

(a)Others primarily consist of accrued consumption tax, tax and social insurance expenses withheld for employees and other miscellaneousliabilities.

 

F-16

 

 

NOTE6 — BANK AND OTHER BORROWINGS

 

TheCompany’s bank and other borrowings consist of the following:

 

Indebtedness  Weighted average
interest
rate*
   Weighted average
years to
maturity*
  

Balanceas of
November 30,
2022

  

Balanceas of
November 30,
2021

 
Loans from banks and other financial institutions                    
Secured loans                    
Fixed rate loans   2.05%   0.72   $76,084,992   $53,074,687 
Variable rate loans   0.38%   1.73    19,306,355    17,070,883 
Subtotal   2.43%   2.45    95,391,347    70,145,570 
Unsecured loans                    
Fixed rate loans   0.06%   0.01    2,225,253    2,614 
Variable rate loans   0.02%   0.19    3,589    2,649,709 
Non-interest bearing loans   0.00%   0.00    2,035,460    4,416 
Subtotal   0.08%   0.20    4,264,302    2,656,739 
                     
Corporate bond                    
Secured bond with fixed rate   0.19%   6.98    1,435,647    282,636 
                     
Total bank and other borrowings            $101,091,296   $73,084,945 

 

*Pertainedto information for loans and corporate bond outstanding as of November 30, 2022.

 

TheCompany borrowed loans from various financial institutions and issued bonds for the purpose of purchasing real estate properties,and for working capital purpose.

 

Interestexpense for loans and corporate bonds was US$2,232,328 and US$1,374,628 for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

 

Thepledge information for the Company’s outstanding loans as of November 30, 2022 and 2021, consists of the following:

 

  

November 30,

2022

  

November 30,

2021

 
         
Loans          
Pledged by real estate inventories  $74,364,023   $47,347,253 
Pledged by real estate inventories and restricted cash   12,370,110    14,384,738 
Pledged by restricted cash (a)   338,526    1,430,136 
Pledged by property and equipment   4,691,467    2,674,133 

 

  (a) As of November 30, 2022 and 2021, these loans were secured by restricted cash of US$1,579,534 and US$1,943,487, respectively.

 

F-17

 

 

Theguarantees of the Company’s outstanding loans and bond as of November 30, 2022 and 2021, consist of the following:

 

  

November 30,

2022

  

November 30,

2021

 
         
Loans          
Guaranteed by CEO of the Company  $ 78,048,069    $ 65,594,995  
Jointly guaranteed by parent company within the Company’s organizational structure and Yousuke Yaguchi, former CEO of Royal House     19,037       41,123  
           
Corporate bond          
Guaranteed by the respective issuance bank   -    282,636 
Guaranteed by the respective issuance bank and Nagoya Credit Guarantee Association   1,435,647    - 

 

Duringthe years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company entered into amended loan agreements which had prepayment options with financialinstitutions for certain loans. The amended terms mainly included changes of maturity dates and installment amount. The Company analyzedthe amendments under ASC Topic 470 and concluded that these amendments were not considered substantially different and were accountedfor as debt modifications.

 

Asof November 30, 2022, future minimum payments for loans and corporate bond are as follows:

 

Years ending November 30,  Principal 
   Repayment 
2023  $84,080,214 
2024   5,334,150 
2025   3,678,504 
2026   807,210 
2027   776,399 
Thereafter   6,414,819 
Total  $101,091,296 

 

NOTE7 — OPERATING LEASES – AS A LESSEE

 

TheCompany has entered into operating leases for offices and sublease purposes, with terms ranging from two to five years. The estimatedeffect of lease renewal and termination options, as applicable, that are reasonably certain to be exercised in the determination of thelease term and initial measurement of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities was included in the consolidated financials.

 

Duringthe years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, four operating leases were guaranteed by the CEO of the Company.

 

Operatinglease expenses for lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The operating lease costs for the yearsended November 30, 2022 and 2021 were US$696,871 and US$723,215, respectively, which were included in selling, general and administrativeexpenses.

 

Thefollowing table presents supplemental information related to the Company’s operating leases:

 

   For the Years Ended 
   November 30, 
   2022   2021 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities  $732,781   $693,087 
           
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities   45,097    2,940,255 
           
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)   2.89    3.65 
           
Weighted average discount rate (per annum)   2.00%   2.00%

 

F-18

 

 

Asof November 30, 2022, the future maturity of lease liabilities is as follows:

 

Years ending November 30,  Lease Payment 
2023  $509,259 
2024   440,108 
2025   324,883 
2026   102,658 
2027   - 
Thereafter   - 
Total undiscounted lease payments   1,376,908 
Less: imputed interest   (39,402)
Total operating lease liabilities  $1,337,506 

 

NOTE8 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

Nocommon share was issued during the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021.

 

Duringthe year ended November 30, 2022, the Company declared and distributed cash dividends of JPY200 million (approximately US$1.76 million).

 

Legalreserve set aside as appropriation of retained earnings and legal capital surplus

 

Retainedearnings consist of legal reserves and accumulated earnings. The Companies Act provides that an amount at least equal to 10% of the aggregateamount of cash dividends and certain appropriations of retained earnings associated with cash outlays applicable to each period shallbe appropriated and set aside as a legal reserve until the aggregate amount of legal reserve set aside as an appropriation of retainedearnings and the legal capital surplus equals 25% of stated capital as defined in the Companies Act. Legal reserves may be used to eliminateor reduce a deficit or be transferred to other retained earnings upon approval of the General Meeting of Shareholders.

 

Stock-basedcompensation

 

OnOctober 26, 2022 (“Effective Date”), the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Warrant Agreement (the “WarrantAgreement I”) with HeartCore Enterprise, Inc. (“HeartCore”) pursuant to which it agreed to compensate HeartCore withcommon share purchase warrants (the “Warrants”) in exchange for professional services to be provided by HeartCore in connectionwith its initial public offering (the “IPO”). HeartCore may exercise the Warrants in 10 years upon the Company’s successfullisting on the Nasdaq Capital Market, NYSE or NYSE American, or the occurrence of other fundamental events defined in the Warrant AgreementI to purchase 1% of the fully diluted shares of the Company’s common share as of the date of the IPO, for an exercise price pershare of US$0.01, subject to adjustment as provided in the Warrant Agreement I. The Warrants were fully vested as of the Effective Date.The Warrant Agreement I was further amended on November 28, 2022, to modify the percentage of the fully diluted shares purchasable byHeartCore from 1% to 3%.

 

OnNovember 1, 2022, the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Warrant Agreement (the “Warrant Agreement II”) with HirokazuTsukahara, the Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”) of the Company, pursuant to which it agreed to compensate the CFO with980 common share purchase warrants, fully vested upon the completion of the IPO, in exchange for professional services provided and tobe provided by the CFO. The CFO may exercise the common share purchase warrants in 10 years upon the Company’s successful listingon the Nasdaq Capital Market, NYSE or NYSE American, or the occurrence of other fundamental events defined in the Warrant Agreement II,for an exercise price per share of US$0.01, subject to adjustment as provided in the Warrant Agreement II.

 

Thewarrants granted to HeartCore and the CFO were terminated upon issuance of the stock acquisition rights on June 23, 2023. See Note 13.

 

TheCompany did not recognize any stock-based compensation expense for the year ended November 30, 2022 as the performance condition of exercisabilityupon a successful IPO is not considered probable until it occurs.

 

F-19

 

 

NOTE9 - INCOME TAXES

 

TheCompany conducts its businesses in Japan and is subject to tax in this jurisdiction. During the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021,all taxable income of the Company is generated in Japan. As a result of its business activities, the Company files tax returns that aresubject to examination by the local tax authority. Income taxes in Japan applicable to the Company are imposed by the national, prefectural,and municipal governments, and in the aggregate resulted in an effective statutory rate of approximately 34.59% for the years ended November30, 2022 and 2021.

 

Forthe years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s income tax expenses are as follows:

 

   For the Years Ended 
   November 30, 
   2022   2021 
Current  $22,064,674   $8,336,057 
Deferred   1,052,812    679,502 
Total  $23,117,486   $9,015,559 

 

Areconciliation of the effective income tax rates reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensiveincome to the Japanese statutory tax rate for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

 

   For the Years Ended 
   November 30, 
   2022   2021 
Japanese statutory tax rate   34.59%   34.59%
Entertainment expenses not deductible   0.14%   0.22%
Non-taxable dividend income   (0.01)%   (0.08)%
Other adjustments   4.14%   3.17%
Effective tax rate   38.86%   37.90%

 

Thetax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred income tax assets and liabilities on November 30, 2022 and 2021 arepresented below:

 

   November 30,   November 30, 
   2022   2021 
Deferred income tax assets          
Revenue and expense adjustments  $102,498   $129,173 
Net operating losses   25,225    496,909 
Lease liabilities   484,308    852,075 
Others   42,064    50,742 
Total deferred income tax assets  $654,095   $1,528,899 
           
Deferred income tax liabilities          
Revenue and expense adjustments  $(72,006)  $- 
Fair value change on investment securities   (23,504)   (13,973)
Change in cash surrender value of life insurance policies   (1,812,951)   (1,592,846)
Right-of-use assets   (466,848)   (818,349)
Others   (16,992)   (36,518)
Total deferred income tax liabilities  $(2,392,301)  $(2,461,686)
           
Deferred income tax assets, net (included in other assets)  $-   $499,964 
Deferred income tax liabilities, net (included in other liabilities)  $(1,738,206)  $(1,432,751)

 

F-20

 

 

Therealization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character in futureperiods. The Company regularly assesses the ability to realize its deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance if it ismore-likely-than-not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company weighs all available positive andnegative evidence, including its earnings history and results of recent operations, projected future taxable income, and tax planningstrategies.

 

Theamount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforwardperiod are reduced or increased or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and additionalweight may be given to subjective evidence such as the Company’s projections for growth. The adjustments of a valuation allowanceagainst deferred tax assets may cause greater volatility in the effective tax rate in the periods in which the valuation allowance isadjusted. Based upon the level of historical taxable profit and projections for future taxable profit over the periods for which thedeferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is probable that the Company will utilize the benefits of these deferred taxassets as of November 30, 2022 and 2021. Uncertainty of estimates of future taxable profit could increase due to changes in the economicenvironment surrounding the Company, effects by market conditions, effects of currency fluctuations or other factors.

 

Uncertaintax positions

 

TheCompany evaluates each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technicalmerits, and measures the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. As of November 30, 2022 and 2021, the management consideredthe Company did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions. The Company did not incur any interest or penalties taxfor the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021. The Company does not anticipate any significant increases or decreases in unrecognizedtax benefits in the next twelve months from November 30, 2022. Open tax years in Japan are five years. The Company’s Japan incometax return filed for the tax years ending from November 30, 2018 through November 30, 2022 are subject to examination by the relevanttaxing authorities. The Company’s tax attributes from prior periods remain subject to adjustment.

 

NOTE10 – DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUES

 

Revenuesgenerated from different revenue streams consist of the following:

 

   For the Years Ended 
   November 30, 
   2022   2021 
Real estate sales  $471,984,562   $308,156,934 
Rental revenue   757,606    931,849 
Real estate brokerage revenue   116,817    289,336 
Total  $472,858,985   $309,378,119 

 

TheCompany’s revenues are presented net of consumption tax collected on behalf of governments. The Company has elected to adopt thepractical expedient for incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer, i.e. sales commissions, with amortization periods ofone year or less to be recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses when incurred.

 

Changesin the Company’s deferred revenue, which was included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet, for the years endedNovember 30, 2022 and 2021 were presented in the following table:

 

   November 30,   November 30, 
   2022   2021 
Deferred revenue as of the beginning of the year  $129,720   $140,488 
Net cash received in advance during the year   518,912    249,422 
Revenue recognized (consumption tax included) from opening balance of deferred revenue   (113,247)   (65,726)
Revenue recognized (consumption tax included) from deferred revenue arising during current year   (424,088)   (183,486)
Foreign exchange effect   (23,021)   (10,978)
Deferred revenue as of the end of the year  $88,276   $129,720 

 

Asof November 30, 2022 and 2021, and for the years then ended, all of our long-lived assets and revenues generated are attributed to theCompany’s operation in Japan.

 

F-21

 

 

NOTE11 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

Therelated parties had material transactions for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021 consist of the following:

 

Name of Related Party   Nature of Relationship at November 30, 2022
Nagata Co., Ltd.   A company significantly influenced by the Company
Sanae Kobayashi   Director of Royal House
Yoshihiro Koshiba   CEO of the Company

 

Asof November 30, 2022 and 2021, loan receivables due from a related party, which were included in other assets in the consolidated financialstatements, are as follows:

 

   November 30,   November 30, 
Loan receivables due from related party  2022   2021 
Sanae Kobayashi  Loan receivables  $602,674   $800,413 

 

Duringthe years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, Sanae Kobayashi borrowed US$Nil from the Company, and repaid US$51,386 and US$38,927,of which $42,458 and $28,431 was withheld from payroll, respectively, to the Company. Interest income generated from thisrelated party amounted to US$7,621 and US$9,944 for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

 

Accountsand other payables to a related party as of November 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

 

   November 30,   November 30, 
Accounts and other payables to related party  2022   2021 
Nagata Co., Ltd.  Consulting service provided by related party  $25,841,648   $17,664,724 

 

Loanfrom a related party, which was included in bank and other borrowings in the consolidated financial statements, as of November30, 2022 and 2021, is as follows:

 

   November 30,   November 30, 
Loan from related party  2022   2021 
Nagata Co., Ltd.  Loan payable  $3,589   $4,416 

 

TheCompany borrowed US$Nil and US$4,587, respectively, from Nagata Co., Ltd. and repaid US$Nil during the years ended November 30, 2022and 2021. The balance was unsecured, non-interest bearing and due on demand.

 

Otherincome generated from a related party for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

 

   For the Years Ended 
   November 30, 
Other income from related party  2022   2021 
Nagata Co., Ltd.  Other income  $77,107   $91,743 

 

F-22

 

 

Selling,general and administrative expenses incurred with a related party for the years ended November 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

 

   For the Years Ended 
   November 30, 
Expenses with related party  2022   2021 
Nagata Co., Ltd.  Consulting fee  $25,235,001   $16,680,567 

 

NagataCo., Ltd. was engaged by the Company for consulting services, such as providing real estate industrial operating strategies, in exchangefor commission-based compensation.

 

Alsosee Note 6, 7, 8 and 13 for more transactions with related parties.

 

NOTE12 – COMMITMENT AND CONTINGENCIES

 

PurchaseCommitment

 

Asof November 30, 2022 and 2021, the amount of contractual commitments for the acquisition of real estate properties was $319,010,599 and$160,667,372, respectively.

 

Guarantees

 

Asof November 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company guaranteed the debt of a customer totaling approximately US$6.75 million and US$4.18 million,consisting of four and three separate guarantees, respectively. As of November 30, 2022 and 2021,the Company did not record a liability in the consolidated balance sheets for these guarantees because it was not probable that the Companywould be required to make payments under these guarantees.

 

Contingencies

 

TheCompany is involved in legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, none of such proceedingsand claims will have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

 

NOTE13 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

TheCompany evaluated subsequent events through July 10, 2023, which is the date the consolidated financial statements are issued, and concludedthat no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements other thanas disclosed below.

 

Duringthe subsequent period, the Company entered into various loans, in a total principal amount of JPY9,609 million (approximately US$68.98million), with banks and financial institutions for working capital purpose and for the purpose of purchasing real estate properties.

 

OnDecember 16, 2022, the Company entered into a guarantee agreement to guarantee a bank loan of JPY430 million (approximately US$3.09 million)borrowed by a customer, which will be matured in March 2024.

 

InJanuary 2023, the Company declared and distributed cash dividends of JPY294 million (approximately US$2.26 million).

 

EffectiveMay 26, 2023, the Company approved to increase the number of authorized shares from 1,000,000 to 196,000,000.

 

EffectiveMay 26, 2023, the Company approved a stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common share, at a ratio of1-for-1000 (the “Stock Split”). As of November 30, 2022 and immediately prior to the Stock Split, there were 49,000 sharesof common share issued and outstanding. As a result of the Stock Split, the Company has 49,000,000 shares of common share issued andoutstanding. All share and per share data included within the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes have been adjustedto account for the effect of the Stock Split.

 

F-23

 

 

OnJune 23, 2023, the Company and HeartCore entered into the 1st stock acquisition rights allotment agreement pursuant to whichthe Company allotted 735,000 stock acquisition rights to HeartCore in substitution for the Warrants originally issued on October 26,2022. The Warrants were also terminated upon the issuance of the stock acquisition rights. The key terms remained unchanged, except forthe stock acquisition right is exercisable during the period from July 1, 2023 to June 30, 2033 and under the condition that the IPOis completed.

 

OnJune 23, 2023, the Company, the CFO and an employee of the Company entered into the 2nd stock acquisition rightsallotment agreement pursuant to which the Company allotted 900,000 stock acquisition rights to the CFO and 80,000 stock acquisition rightsto the employee in substitution for the common share purchase warrants originally issued on November 1, 2022, which were terminatedupon issuance of the stock acquisition rights. The key terms remained unchanged, except for (a) the per-share exercise price was changedfrom US$0.01 to JPY241 (US$1.73), and (b) the stock acquisition right is exercisable during the period from September 1, 2023 to June23, 2033, and under the conditions that the IPO is completed and that the board of directors approves right holders have made sufficientcontributions to the business.

 

OnJune 23, 2023, the Company entered into the 3rd stock acquisition rights allotment agreement pursuant to which the Companyallotted 6,100,000 stock acquisition rights to its director and employees for an exercise price per share of JPY241 (US$1.73), amongwhich 60,200 stock acquisition rights were allotted to the Company’s director and 100,300 stock acquisition rights were allottedto former directors. The stock acquisition rights are exercisable during the period from June 24, 2025 to June 23, 2033 and under theconditions that (a) the IPO is completed, (b) the audited consolidated revenues under US GAAP for the year ended November 30,2023 or after exceeding JPY85 billion (approximately US$610.15 million) per fiscal year, and (c) the total exercise payment madeby the right holders is not more than JPY12 million (approximately US$86.14 thousand) per calendar year.

 

OnJune 23, 2023, the Company entered into the 4th stock acquisition rights allotment agreement pursuant to which the Companyallotted 1,200,000 stock acquisition rights to its business partners for an exercise price per share of JPY241 (US$1.73), among which200,000 stock acquisition rights were allotted to Nagata Co., Ltd., a related party. The stock acquisition rights are exercisable duringthe period from September 1, 2023 to June 23, 2033 and under the conditions that the IPO is completed and that the audited consolidatedrevenues under US GAAP for the year ended November 30, 2023 or after exceeding JPY85 billion (approximately US$610.15 million)per fiscal year.

 

F-24

 

 

METROSDEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.

CONSOLIDATEDBALANCE SHEETS

 

   May 31,   November 30, 
   2023   2022 
   (Unaudited)     
ASSETS          
Cash and cash equivalents  $33,999,558   $6,610,424 
Restricted cash   3,005,043    1,579,534 
Term deposits   2,998,201    1,534,336 
Accounts receivable   383,937    946,342 
Investments   2,048,490    1,686,705 
Real estate inventories   190,421,240    196,951,361 
Prepaid expenses   8,150,452    15,662,013 
Property and equipment, net   9,781,274    10,002,143 
Operating lease right-of-use assets   1,251,956    1,349,662 
Other assets (including loan receivable of $310,765 and $602,674 from related parties as of May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively)   7,114,031    7,022,878 
TOTAL ASSETS   259,154,182    243,345,398 
           
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY          
Liabilities:          
Accounts and other payables (including vendor payable of $36,029,225 and $25,841,648 to a related party as of May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively)  $37,852,490   $27,145,398 
Bank and other borrowings (including loan payable of $3,577 and $3,589 to a related party as of May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively)   83,614,531    101,091,296 
Income tax payables   14,634,838    17,233,749 
Operating lease liabilities   1,236,181    1,337,506 
Other liabilities   7,260,483    5,835,529 
TOTAL LIABILITIES   144,598,523    152,643,478 
           
Shareholders’ Equity:          
Common shares (196,000,000 shares authorized, 49,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, with no stated value)*   469,439    469,439 
Retained earnings   136,082,801    110,912,987 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss   (21,996,581)   (20,680,506)
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY   114,555,659    90,701,920 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  $259,154,182   $243,345,398 

 

*Giveneffect of the Stock Split, see Note 8.

 

Theaccompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

F-25

 

 

METROSDEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.

UNAUDITEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

   For the Six Months Ended May 31, 
   2023   2022 
         
Revenues  $291,655,644   $275,442,117
Cost of revenues   (210,535,210)   (205,695,562)
Gross profit   81,120,434    69,746,555 
           
Operating expenses          
Selling, general and administrative expenses (including selling, general and administrative expenses resulting from transactions with a related party of $15,869,285 and $14,995,387 for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)   (38,101,920)   (32,688,885)
Total operating expenses   (38,101,920)   (32,688,885)
           
Income from operations   43,018,514    37,057,670 
           
Other income (expenses)          
Other income (including other income resulting from transactions with a related party of $18,077 and $1,141 for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)   172,470    280,702 
Other expenses   (283)   (20,575)
Interest expenses   (1,377,735)   (1,067,411)
Gain (loss) from equity method investments   1,402,826    (266,911)
Total other income (expenses)   197,278    (1,074,195)
Income before income taxes   43,215,792    35,983,475 
Income tax expense   (15,786,178)   (13,772,385)
Net income  $27,429,614   $22,211,090 
           
Net income per share          
- Basic and diluted*  $0.56   $0.45 
           
Weighted average shares outstanding          
- Basic and diluted*   49,000,000    49,000,000 
           
Comprehensive income          
Net income  $27,429,614   $22,211,090 
Other comprehensive loss          
Foreign currency translation adjustment   (1,316,075)   (9,866,487)
Total Comprehensive income  $26,113,539   $12,344,603 

 

*Giveneffect of the Stock Split, see Note 8.

 

Theaccompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

F-26

 

 

METROSDEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.

UNAUDITEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FORTHE SIX MONTHS ENDED MAY 31, 2023 AND 2022

 

   Common
Shares
   Retained
Earnings
   Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
   Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 
Balance as of November 30, 2022  $469,439   $110,912,987   $(20,680,506)  $90,701,920 
Net income   -    27,429,614    -    27,429,614 
Distribution of dividends   -    (2,259,800)   -    (2,259,800)
Foreign currency translation adjustment   -    -    (1,316,075)   (1,316,075)
Balance as of May 31, 2023  $469,439   $136,082,801   $(21,996,581)  $114,555,659 

 

   Common
Shares
   Retained
Earnings
   Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
   Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 
Balance as of November 30, 2021  $469,439   $76,304,158   $(5,059,087)  $71,714,510 
Net income   -    22,211,090    -    22,211,090 
Distribution of dividends   -    (1,756,238)   -    (1,756,238)
Foreign currency translation adjustment   -    -    (9,866,487)   (9,866,487)
Balance as of May 31, 2022  $469,439   $96,759,010   $(14,925,574)  $82,302,875 

 

Theaccompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

F-27

 

 

METROSDEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.

UNAUDITEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

   For the Six Months Ended May 31, 
   2023   2022 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES          
Net income  $27,429,614   $22,211,090 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:          
Depreciation expense   196,662    112,705 
Fair value change of investments   (111,753)   13,875 
Loss (gain) from equity method investments   (1,402,826)   266,911 
Gain on disposal of property and equipment   (17,628)   - 
Non-cash lease expense   329,490    353,045 
Deferred income tax   745,653    (11,231)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:          
Accounts receivable   584,086    417,677 
Real estate inventories   6,128,769    (45,776,835)
Prepaid expenses   7,790,517    (3,624,123)
Other assets   (3,225,353)   (2,284,512)
Accounts and other payables   11,278,455    4,743,479 
Income tax payables   (2,653,933)   10,189,945 
Operating lease liabilities   (333,312)   (365,270)
Other liabilities   3,162,166    3,349,732 
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES   49,900,607    (10,403,512)
           
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES          
Purchase of property and equipment   (5,771)   (2,012,286)
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment   22,298    - 
Loan provided to an employee   -    (157,088)
Loan provided to a related party   (8,098)   - 
Loan repayments from employees   274,605    3,006 
Loan repayments from a related party   298,784    4,821 
Purchase of term deposits   (1,534,336)   (449,755)
Purchase of investments   (491,087)   (535,723)
Proceeds from sales of investments   168,155    16,719 
Distribution from silent partnerships   1,594,893    238,825 
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES   319,443    (2,891,481)
           
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES          
Proceeds from bank loans and other borrowings   56,407,382    70,896,333 
Repayments of bank loans and other borrowings   (74,306,128)   (45,579,361)
Distribution of dividends   (2,259,800)   (1,756,238)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES   (20,158,546)   23,560,734 
           
Effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rate    (1,246,861 )    (3,094,488)
           
NET INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH   28,814,643    7,171,253 
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AS OF THE BEGINNING OF THE PERIOD   8,189,958    20,383,126 
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AS OF THE END OF THE PERIOD  $37,004,601   $27,554,379 
           
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION          
Cash paid for interest expense  $1,377,735   $1,067,411 
Cash paid for income taxes  $17,668,016   $3,592,121 
           
NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES          
Payroll withheld as repayments of loan receivables from a related party  $12,085  $33,024
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities  $-   $24,311
Remeasurement of the lease liabilities and right-of-use assets due to lease modification  $232,180  $- 
           
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the consolidated balance sheets          
Cash and cash equivalents  $33,999,558   $25,842,393 
Restricted cash   3,005,043    1,711,986 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash  $37,004,601   $27,554,379 

 

Theaccompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

F-28

 

 

METROSDEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.

NOTESTO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE1 - ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

 

MetrosDevelopment Co., Ltd. (“Metros”) was incorporated in Japan on March 29, 2013. In February 2020, Metros completed an acquisitionof 100% equity interest of Yuryo Shoji Co. (“Yuryo”), an entity incorporated in Japan in October 2015. The acquisition ofYuryo was accounted for as an asset acquisition. In June 2020, Yuryo ceased by dissolution and transferred all of its assets and liabilitiesto Metros. As of May 31, 2023, Metros had two wholly owned subsidiaries, Royal House Co., Ltd. (“Royal House”), which wasincorporated in Japan in October 2015, and Metros Resort LLC (“Metros Resort”), previously known as Metros 1 LLC, which wasincorporated in Japan in February 2020.

 

Metrosand its subsidiaries included in the unaudited consolidated financial statements are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”,“we” and “us” unless specific reference is made to an entity. The Company is engaged in the business of realestate sales, where the Company identifies and purchases unutilized land and buildings from landowners and sells to developers for redevelopment,and purchases small adjacent individual lots in bulk and sells to developers as large lots for development on a larger scale, real estateleasing and brokerage. The Company’s operations are conducted in Japan.

 

NOTE2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

(a)Basis of Presentation and Principals of Consolidation

 

Theaccompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally acceptedin the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission(“SEC”). The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries.All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

 

Theconsolidated balance sheets are presented in an unclassified format since the Company has substantial operations in the real estate industryand its operating cycle is greater than one year.

 

(b)Foreign Currency

 

TheCompany maintains its books and record in its local currency, Japanese YEN (“JPY” or “¥”), which is a functionalcurrency as being the primary currency of the economic environment in which its operation is conducted. Transactions denominated in currenciesother than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction.Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currencyusing the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in other income (expenses)in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

 

Thereporting currency of the Company is the United States Dollars (“US$”), and the accompanying unaudited consolidated financialstatements have been expressed in US$. In accordance with ASC Topic 830-30, “Translations of Financial Statements”, assetsand liabilities of the Company whose functional currency is not US$ are translated into US$, using the exchange rate on the balance sheetdate. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from the translationof financial statements are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within the unaudited consolidatedstatements of changes in shareholders’ equity.

 

F-29

 

 

Translationof amounts from local currency of the Company into US$1 has been made at the following exchange rates:

 

   May 31, 2023   May 31, 2022 
Current JPY: US$1 exchange rate   139.78    128.53 
Average JPY: US$1 exchange rate   133.83    119.71 

 

(c)Use of Estimates

 

Inpreparing the unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity U.S. GAAP, the management is required to make certain estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at thedate of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are basedon information available as of the date of the unaudited consolidated financial statements. Significant estimates required to be madeby management include, but are not limited to, the impairment of long-lived assets, useful lives of property and equipment, valuationallowance of deferred tax assets, uncertain income tax positions, purchase price allocation of acquired real estates, allowance for creditlosses and implicit interest rate of operating leases. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

COVID-19

 

Whilethe duration and extent of the COVID-19 pandemic depends on future developments that cannot be accurately predicted at this time, suchas the extent and effectiveness of containment actions, it has already had an adverse effect on the global economy and the lasting effectsof the pandemic continue to be unknown. The Company may experience customer losses, including due to bankruptcy or customers ceasingoperations, which may result in delays in collections or an inability to collect accounts receivable from these customers. The extentto which COVID-19 may continue to impact the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity continues to remainuncertain, and as of the date of issuance of these unaudited consolidated financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specificevent or circumstance that would require an update to its estimates or judgments or an adjustment to the carrying value of the Company’sassets or liabilities. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained, which will be recognizedin the unaudited consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates, andany such differences may be material to the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

(d)Investments

 

Investmentsin funds that report net asset value (“NAV”) per share

 

Wehold investments in Japanese pooled funds. These funds are generally readily redeemable at their net asset values. The fair value ofinvestment funds is measured at their net asset values per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient.

 

Investmentsin privately held companies and organizations that do not report NAV per share

 

Investmentsin privately held entities that do not report NAV per share are accounted for using a measurement alternative, under which these investmentsare measured at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments, with changes recognized in other income (expenses).

 

Investmentsaccounted for under equity method

 

Weuse the equity method to account for investments in silent partnerships, which is a structure similar to limited partnership, that wedo not have a controlling financial interest but have the ability to influence the operating and financial policies of the investees.Under the equity method of accounting, we initially recognize our investments at cost and subsequently adjust the carrying amount ofthe investments for our share of earnings or losses reported by the investees, distributions received, and other-than-temporary impairments.Losses in excess of the carrying amount of our equity method investments, if any, are recognized when (i) we are unlikely to abandonthe investee due to operating considerations, or (ii) it is anticipated that the investee’s return to profitability is imminent.Losses in excess of the carrying amount of our equity method investments are presented as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets.

 

(e)Real Estate Inventories

 

Realestate inventories represent mainly small adjacent individual lots, which consist of lands and/or lands with buildings attached, thatwill be grouped into larger lots for the purpose of selling to developers. Substantially all of our real estate inventories are in theprocess of combining into larger lots. Real estate inventories are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value less cost to sell. Ifan asset’s fair value less cost to sell, based on discounted future cash flows, management estimates or market comparisons, isless than its carrying amount, an allowance is recorded against the asset.

 

Thecost basis of the real estate inventories includes all direct acquisition costs including but not limited to the property purchase price,acquisition costs, dismantlement costs, capitalized interest, capitalized real estate taxes and other costs. Interests and real estatetaxes are not capitalized unless active redevelopment is underway. When acquiring real estate with existing buildings, we allocate thepurchase price between land, building and intangibles related to in-place leases, if any, based on their relative fair values.

 

F-30

 

 

(f)Leases

 

TheCompany determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception or modification of the arrangement. An arrangement is or containsa lease if there are identified assets and the right to control the use of an identified asset is conveyed for a period in exchange forconsideration. Control over the use of the identified assets means the lessee has both the right to obtain substantially all of the economicbenefits from the use of the asset and the right to direct the use of the asset.

 

Weclassify our leases as either finance leases or operating leases if we are the lessee, or sale-type, direct financing, or operating leasesif we are the lessor. We use the following criteria to determine if a lease is a finance lease (as a lessee) or sales-type or directfinancing lease (as a lessor):

 

  (i) ownership is transferred from lessor to lessee by the end of the lease term;
  (ii) an option to purchase is reasonably certain to be exercised;
  (iii) the lease term is for the major part of the underlying asset’s remaining economic life;
  (iv) the present value of lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying assets; or
  (v) the underlying asset is specialized and is expected to have no alternative use at the end of the lease term.

 

Ifwe meet any of the above criteria, we account for the lease as a finance, a sales-type, or a direct financing lease. If we do not meetany of the criteria, we account for the lease as an operating lease.

 

Lesseeaccounting

 

TheCompany recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for all leases other than those with a term of twelve months or less asthe Company has elected to apply the short-term lease recognition exemption. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s rightto use an underlying asset for the lease term. Lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arisingfrom the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are classified and recognized at the commencement date of a lease. Lease liabilitiesare measured based on the present value of fixed lease payments over the lease term. Right-of-use assets consist of (i) initial measurementof the lease liability; (ii) lease payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received;and (iii) initial direct costs incurred by the Company.

 

Asthe rates implicit on the Company’s leases for which it is the lessee are not readily determinable, the Company uses its incrementalborrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. When determiningthe incremental borrowing rate, the Company assesses multiple variables such as lease term, collateral, economic conditions, and itscreditworthiness.

 

Fromtime to time, we may enter into sublease agreements with third parties. Our subleases generally do not relieve us of our primary obligationsunder the corresponding head lease. As a result, we account for the head lease based on the original assessment at lease inception. Wedetermine if the sublease arrangement is either a sales-type, direct financing, or operating lease at inception of the sublease. If thetotal remaining lease cost on the head lease for the term of the sublease is greater than the anticipated sublease income, the right-of-useasset is assessed for impairment. Our subleases are generally operating leases and we recognize sublease income on a straight-line basisover the sublease term.

 

Lessoraccounting – operating leases

 

Weaccount for the revenue from our lease contracts by utilizing the single component accounting policy. This policy requires us to accountfor, by class of underlying asset, the lease component and nonlease component(s) associated with each lease as a single component iftwo criteria are met:

 

  (i) the timing and pattern of transfer of the lease component and the nonlease component(s) are the same; and
  (ii) the lease component would be classified as an operating lease if it were accounted for separately.

 

Leasecomponents consist primarily of fixed rental payments, which represent scheduled rental amounts due under our leases. Nonlease componentsconsist primarily of tenant recoveries representing reimbursements of rental operating expenses, including recoveries for utilities,repairs and maintenance and common area expenses.

 

Ifthe lease component is the predominant component, we account for all revenues under such lease as a single component in accordance withthe lease accounting standard. Conversely, if the nonlease component is the predominant component, all revenues under such lease areaccounted for in accordance with the revenue recognition accounting standard. Our operating leases qualify for the single component accounting,and the lease component in each of our leases is predominant. Therefore, we account for all revenues from our operating leases underthe lease accounting standard and classify these revenues as rental income.

 

F-31

 

 

Wecommence recognition of rental income related to the operating leases at the date the property is ready for its intended use by the tenantand the tenant takes possession or controls the physical use of the leased asset. Income from rentals related to fixed rental paymentsunder operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective operating lease terms. Amounts received currently butrecognized as revenue in future periods are classified in other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

 

(g)Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

Long-livedassets with finite lives, primarily real estate inventories, property and equipment, including real estate properties held for lease,and operating lease right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of an asset may not be recoverable. If the estimated cash flows from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are belowthe asset’s carrying value, then the asset is deemed to be impaired and written down to its fair value. There were no impairmentsof these assets during the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022.

 

(h)Revenue Recognition

 

TheCompany recognizes revenue from sales of real estate, providing real estate brokerage service under ASC Topic 606, “Revenue fromContracts with Customers”.

 

Todetermine revenue recognition for contracts with customers, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s)with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variableconsideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction priceto the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the performanceobligation. Revenue amount represents the invoiced value, net of consumption tax and applicable local government levies, if any. Theconsumption tax on sales is calculated at 10% of gross sales.

 

TheCompany reports revenue on a gross or net basis based on management’s assessment of whether the Company acts as a principal oragent in the transaction. The determination of whether the Company acts as a principal or an agent in a transaction is based on the evaluationof whether (i) the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified goods or service, (ii) the Companyhas inventory risk before the specified good or service has been transferred to a customer or after transfer of control to the customerand (iii) the Company has discretion in establishing the price for the specified good or service. If the terms of a transaction do notindicate the Company is acting as a principal in the transaction, then the Company is acting as an agent in the transaction and the associatedrevenues are recognized on a net basis.

 

TheCompany has utilized the practical expedient in ASC Topic 606 and elected not to capitalize contract costs for contracts with customerswith durations less than one year. The Company does not have significant remaining unfulfilled performance obligations or contract balances.

 

TheCompany recognizes revenue from rental services under ASC Topic 842, “Leases”.

 

TheCompany currently generates its revenue from the following main sources:

 

Realestate sales

 

Revenuesfrom real estate sales are recognized when the parties are bound by the terms of a contract, consideration has been exchanged, titleand other attributes of ownership have been conveyed to the buyer by means of a closing and the Company is not obligated to perform furthersignificant development of the specific property sold, which is generally upon the delivery ofthe real estate, which generally coincides with the receipt of cash consideration from the customer. Our contracts with customers containa single performance obligation and we do not provide warranties for sold real estate.

 

F-32

 

 

Rentalrevenue

 

Rentalincome is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the tenancy agreements. For real estate leases, these contractsare treated as leases for accounting purposes, rather than contracts with customers subject to ASC Topic 606. Also see Note 2(f).

 

Realestate brokerage revenue

 

Werecognize commission-based brokerage revenue upon closing of a brokerage transaction. The transaction price is either fixed or calculatedby taking the agreed upon commission rate and applying that to the real estate’s selling price. Brokerage revenue primarily containsa single performance obligation that is satisfied upon the closing of a real estate services transaction, at which point the entire transactionprice is earned. We are not entitled to any commission until the performance obligation is satisfied and are not owed any commissionfor unsuccessful transactions, even if services have been provided.

 

(i)Concentration of Credit Risk

 

Financialinstruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of accounts receivable. The Company does notrequire collateral or other security to support these receivables. The Company conducts periodic reviews of the financial condition andpayment practices of its customers to minimize collection risk on accounts receivable.

 

Forthe six months ended May 31, 2023, customer I represents 10% of the Company’s total revenues. For the six months ended May 31,2022, customer G and H account for 13% and 10% of the Company’s total revenues, respectively.

 

Asof May 31, 2023, customer C and I represent 56% and 37% of the Company’s total outstanding accounts receivable, respectively. Asof November 30, 2022, customer C and D account for 38% and 38% of the Company’s total accounts receivable, respectively.

 

Asof May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, vendor A represents 95% and 95%, respectively, of the Company’s total outstanding accountspayable.

 

(j)Segment Reporting

 

ASCTopic 280, “Segment Reporting,” requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The managementapproach model is based on the way a company’s chief operating decision maker organizes segments within the company for makingoperating decisions assessing performance and allocating resources. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography,legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company.

 

Managementdetermined the Company’s operations constitute a single reportable segment in accordance with ASC Topic 280.

 

(k)Stock Based Compensation

 

TheCompany accounts for stock based compensation awards in accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.”The cost of services received from employees and non-employees in exchange for awards of equity instruments is recognized in the unauditedconsolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income based on the estimated fair value of those awards on the grant date andamortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period or vesting period. The Company records forfeitures as they occur.

 

F-33

 

 

(l)Fair Value Measurements

 

TheCompany performs fair value measurements in accordance with ASC Topic 820. Fair value is defined as the price that would be receivedto sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC Topic820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservableinputs when measuring fair value. An asset’s or a liability’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based uponthe lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ASC Topic 820 establishes three levels of inputs that maybe used to measure fair value:

 

  Level 1: quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
  Level 2: inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly; or
  Level 3: unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair values of the assets or liabilities.

 

Asof May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts and other payablesapproximated their fair values reported in the consolidated balance sheets due to the short-term maturities of these instruments; anddebt that bears variable interest rates index to prime also approximates fair value as it reprices when market interest rates change.

 

(m)Commitments and Contingencies

 

Liabilitiesfor loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probablethat a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.

 

(n)Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

TheCompany has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and that may impact its unaudited consolidated financialstatements and does not believe that there are any other new pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact onits financial position or results of operations.

 

NOTE3 — INVESTMENTS

 

Investmentsconsist of the following:

 

   May 31,   November 30, 
   2023   2022 
Investments in funds that report NAV per share  $1,843,096   $1,438,906 
Investments in private entities or organizations that do not report NAV per share:          
Entities or organizations without observable price changes   205,394    198,909 
Investments in silent partnerships accounted for under the equity method   -    48,890 
Total  $2,048,490   $1,686,705 

 

F-34

 

 

Realizedgain and unrealized gain or loss on investments, and dividend income from investments, which were included in other income (expenses),were as follows:

 

   For the Six Months Ended 
   May 31, 
   2023   2022 
Unrealized gain (loss)  $104,130   $(14,572)
Realized gain   7,623    697 
Dividend income   7,799    10,002 

 

Incomefrom equity method investments and loss from equity method investments during the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 were US$1,402,826and US$266,911, respectively, including losses in excess of the carrying amount of equity method investments of US$3,311 and US$431,465,respectively.

 

NOTE4 — PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

 

Propertyand equipment, net consist of the following:

 

   May 31,   November 30, 
   2023   2022 
Land  $3,578,566   $3,590,639 
Buildings, including buildings held for lease   3,001,103    3,011,228 
Facilities attached to buildings   1,401,727    1,406,457 
Construction in progress   1,593,756    1,594,738 
Vehicles   659,135    680,935 
Tools, furniture and fixture   55,940    54,981 
Software   253,441    254,296 
Subtotal   10,543,668    10,593,274 
Less: accumulated depreciation   762,394    591,131 
Property and equipment, net  $9,781,274   $10,002,143 

 

Substantiallyall of the buildings consist of buildings held for lease. Certain property and equipment, mainly land and buildings, in the carryingamount of US$7,120,438 and US$7,198,592 as of May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively, were pledged to secure the Company’sloans, see Note 6.

 

Depreciationexpense was US$196,662 and US$112,705 for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

NOTE5 — ACCOUNTS AND OTHER PAYABLES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

 

Accountsand other payables and other liabilities consist of the following:

 

   May 31,   November 30, 
   2023   2022 
Accounts and other payables          
Vendor payables (including $36,029,225 and $25,841,648 to a related party as of May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively)  $37,040,986   $26,781,451 
Accrued expenses   811,504    363,947 
Total accounts and other payables  $37,852,490   $27,145,398 
           
Other liabilities          
Deferred revenue  $227,562   $88,276 
Accrued eviction costs payable to tenants   456,739    205,435 
Rental deposits received from tenants   221,029    154,679 
Losses in excess of the carrying amount of equity method investments   3,333,315    3,208,939 
Deferred income tax liabilities   2,446,274    1,738,206 
Others (a)   575,564    439,994 
Total other liabilities  $7,260,483   $5,835,529 

 

(a)Others primarily consist of accrued consumption tax, tax and social insurance expenses withheld for employees and other miscellaneousliabilities.

 

F-35

 

 

NOTE6 — BANK AND OTHER BORROWINGS

 

TheCompany’s bank and other borrowings consist of the following:

 

Indebtedness  Weighted
average
interest
rate*
   Weighted
average
years to
maturity*
  

Balanceas of
May 31,
2023

  

Balanceas of
November 30,
2022

 
Loans from banks and other financial institutions                    
Secured loans                    
Fixed rate loans   1.68%   0.66   $53,185,277   $76,084,992 
Variable rate loans   0.57%   2.02    22,856,075    19,306,355 
Subtotal   2.25%   2.68    76,041,352    95,391,347 
Unsecured loans                    
Fixed rate loans   0.10%   0.25    4,316,347    2,225,253 
Variable rate loans   0.02%   0.21    1,922,593    3,589 
Non-interest bearing loans   0.00%   -    3,577    2,035,460 
Subtotal   0.12%   0.46    6,242,517    4,264,302 
                     
Corporate bond                    
Secured bond with fixed rate   0.19%   6.48    1,330,662    1,435,647 
                     
Total bank and other borrowings            $83,614,531   $101,091,296 

 

*Pertainedto information for loans and corporate bond outstanding as of May 31, 2023.

 

TheCompany borrowed loans from various financial institutions and issued bonds for the purpose of purchasing real estate properties,and for working capital purpose.

 

Interestexpense for loans and corporate bonds was US$1,377,735 and US$1,067,411 for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

Thepledge information for the Company’s outstanding loans as of May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, consists of the following:

 

  

May 31,

2023

  

November 30,

2022

 
         
Loans          
Pledged by real estate inventories  $59,948,848   $74,364,023 
Pledged by real estate inventories and restricted cash   4,684,504    12,370,110 
Pledged by restricted cash (a)   3,434    338,526 
Pledged by property and equipment   4,613,122    4,691,467 

 

  (a) As of May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, these loans were secured by restricted cash of US$3,005,043 and US$1,579,534, respectively.

 

F-36

 

 

Theguarantees of the Company’s outstanding loans and bond as of May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, consist of the following:

 

  

May 31,

2023

  

November 30,

2022

 
         
Loans          
Guaranteed by CEO of the Company  $63,162,270   $ 78,048,069  
Jointly guaranteed by parent company within the Company’s organizational structure and Yousuke Yaguchi, former CEO of Royal House   11,804     19,037  
           
Corporate bond          
Guaranteed by the respective issuance bank and Nagoya Credit Guarantee Association   1,330,662    1,435,647 

 

Duringthe six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company entered into amended loan agreements which had prepayment options with financialinstitutions for certain loans. The amended terms mainly included changes of maturity dates and installment amount. The Company analyzedthe amendments under ASC Topic 470 and concluded that these amendments were not considered substantially different and were accountedfor as debt modifications.

 

Asof May 31, 2023, future minimum payments for loans and corporate bond are as follows:

 

  Principal 
Years ending November 30,  Repayment 
Remaining of 2023  $38,027,088 
2024   28,511,378 
2025   7,659,697 
2026   1,077,925 
2027   1,049,052 
Thereafter   7,289,391 
Total  $83,614,531 

 

NOTE7 — OPERATING LEASES – AS A LESSEE

 

TheCompany has entered into operating leases for offices and sublease purpose, with terms ranging from two to five years. The estimatedeffect of lease renewal and termination options, as applicable, that are reasonably certain to be exercised in the determination of thelease term and initial measurement of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities was included in the unaudited consolidated financials.

 

Duringthe six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, four operating leases were guaranteed by the CEO of the Company.

 

Operatinglease expenses for lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The operating lease costs for the sixmonths ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 were US$343,598 and US$374,371, respectively, which were included in selling, general and administrativeexpenses.

 

Thefollowing table presents supplemental information related to the Company’s operating leases:

 

   For the Six Months Ended 
   May 31, 
   2023   2022 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities  $354,198   $390,625 
           
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities   -    24,311 
           
Remeasurement of the lease liabilities and right-of-use assets due to lease modification   232,180    - 
           
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)   2.40    3.24 
           
Weighted average discount rate (per annum)   2.00%   2.00%

 

F-37

 

 

Asof May 31, 2023, the future maturity of lease liabilities is as follows:

 

Years ending November 30,  Lease Payment 
Remaining of 2023  $266,873 
2024   554,088 
2025   343,034 
2026   102,313 
2027   - 
Thereafter   - 
Total undiscounted lease payments   1,266,308 
Less: imputed interest   (30,127)
Total operating lease liabilities  $1,236,181 

 

NOTE8 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

Nocommon share was issued during the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022.

 

EffectiveMay 26, 2023, the Company approved to increase the number of authorized shares from 1,000,000 to 196,000,000.

 

EffectiveMay 26, 2023, the Company approved a stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common share, at a ratio of1-for-1000 (the “Stock Split”). As of the date immediately prior to the Stock Split, there were 49,000 shares of common shareissued and outstanding. As a result of the Stock Split, the Company has 49,000,000 shares of common share issued and outstanding. Allshare and per share data included within the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related footnotes have been adjusted toaccount for the effect of the Stock Split.

 

Duringthe six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company declared and distributed cash dividends of JPY294 million (approximately US$2.26million) and JPY200 million (approximately US$1.76 million), respectively.

 

Legalreserve set aside as appropriation of retained earnings and legal capital surplus

 

Retainedearnings consist of legal reserves and accumulated earnings. The Companies Act provides that an amount at least equal to 10% of the aggregateamount of cash dividends and certain appropriations of retained earnings associated with cash outlays applicable to each period shallbe appropriated and set aside as a legal reserve until the aggregate amount of legal reserve set aside as an appropriation of retainedearnings and the legal capital surplus equals 25% of stated capital as defined in the Companies Act. Legal reserves may be used to eliminateor reduce a deficit or be transferred to other retained earnings upon approval of the General Meeting of Shareholders.

 

Stock-basedcompensation

 

OnOctober 26, 2022 (“Effective Date”), the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Warrant Agreement (the “WarrantAgreement I”) with HeartCore Enterprise, Inc. (“HeartCore”) pursuant to which it agreed to compensate HeartCore withcommon share purchase warrants (the “Warrants”) in exchange for professional services to be provided by HeartCore in connectionwith its initial public offering (the “IPO”). HeartCore may exercise the Warrants in 10 years upon the Company’s successfullisting on the Nasdaq Capital Market, NYSE or NYSE American, or the occurrence of other fundamental events defined in the Warrant AgreementI to purchase 1% of the fully diluted shares of the Company’s common share as of the date of the IPO, for an exercise price pershare of US$0.01, subject to adjustment as provided in the Warrant Agreement I. The Warrants were fully vested as of the Effective Date.The Warrant Agreement I was further amended on November 28, 2022, to modify the percentage of the fully diluted shares purchasable byHeartCore from 1% to 3%.

 

OnNovember 1, 2022, the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Warrant Agreement (the “Warrant Agreement II”) with HirokazuTsukahara, the Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”) of the Company, pursuant to which it agreed to compensate the CFO with980 common share purchase warrants, fully vested upon the completion of the IPO, in exchange for professional services provided and tobe provided by the CFO. The CFO may exercise the common share purchase warrants in 10 years upon the Company’s successful listingon the Nasdaq Capital Market, NYSE or NYSE American, or the occurrence of other fundamental events defined in the Warrant Agreement II,for an exercise price per share of US$0.01, subject to adjustment as provided in the Warrant Agreement II.

 

Thewarrants granted to HeartCore and the CFO were terminated upon issuance of the stock acquisition rights on June 23, 2023. See Note 13.

 

TheCompany did not recognize any stock-based compensation expense for the six months ended May 31, 2023 as the performance condition ofexercisability upon a successful IPO is not considered probable until it occurs.

 

F-38

 

 

NOTE9 - INCOME TAXES

 

TheCompany conducts its businesses in Japan and is subject to tax in this jurisdiction. During the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022,all taxable income of the Company is generated in Japan. As a result of its business activities, the Company files tax returns that aresubject to examination by the local tax authority. Income taxes in Japan applicable to the Company are imposed by the national, prefectural,and municipal governments, and in the aggregate resulted in an effective statutory rate of approximately 34.59% for the six months endedMay 31, 2023 and 2022.

 

Forthe six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s income tax expenses are as follows:

 

   For the Six Months Ended 
   May 31, 
   2023   2022 
Current  $15,040,525   $13,783,616 
Deferred   745,653    (11,231)
Total  $15,786,178   $13,772,385 

 

Theeffective tax rate was 36.53% and 38.27% for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

NOTE10 – DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUES

 

Revenuesgenerated from different revenue streams consist of the following:

 

   For the Six Months Ended 
   May 31, 
   2023   2022 
Real estate sales  $290,936,895   $274,915,436 
Rental revenue   671,446    472,258 
Real estate brokerage revenue   47,303    54,423 
Total  $291,655,644   $275,442,117 

 

TheCompany’s revenues are presented net of consumption tax collected on behalf of governments. The Company has elected to adopt thepractical expedient for incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer, i.e. sales commissions, with amortization periods ofone year or less to be recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses when incurred.

 

Changesin the Company’s deferred revenue, which was included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, for the six monthsended May 31, 2023 and 2022 were presented in the following table:

 

   For the Six Months Ended 
   May 31, 
   2023   2022 
Deferred revenue as of the beginning of the period  $88,276   $129,720 
Net cash received in advance during the period   239,405    - 
Revenue recognized (consumption tax included) from opening balance of deferred revenue    (88,276 )   (113,247)
Revenue recognized (consumption tax included) from deferred revenue arising during current period   (1,726)   - 
Foreign exchange effect    (10,117 )   (16,473)
Deferred revenue as of the end of the period  $227,562   $- 

 

Asof May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, and for the periods then ended, all of our long-lived assets and revenues generated are attributedto the Company’s operation in Japan.

 

F-39

 

 

NOTE11 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

Therelated parties had material transactions for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 consist of the following:

 

Name of Related Party   Nature of Relationship at May 31, 2023
Nagata Co., Ltd.   A company significantly influenced by the Company
Sanae Kobayashi   Director of Royal House
Yoshihiro Koshiba   CEO of the Company
Metros Development Holdings Inc.   A company 100% controlled by the CEO of the Company

 

Asof May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, loan receivables due from related parties, which were included in other assets in the unauditedconsolidated financial statements, are as follows:

 

   May 31,   November 30, 
Loan receivables due from related parties  2023   2022 
Sanae Kobayashi  Loan receivables  $303,012   $602,674 
Metros Development Holdings Inc.  Loan receivables   7,753    - 

 

Duringthe six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, Sanae Kobayashi borrowed US$Nil from the Company, and repaid US$310,869 and US$37,845 ofwhich $12,085 and $33,024 was withheld from payroll, respectively, to the Company. Interest income generated from this relatedparty amounted to US$449 and US$1,141 for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

Duringthe six months ended May 31, 2023, Metros Development Holdings Inc. borrowed US$8,098 from the Company.

 

Accountsand other payables to a related party as of May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022 are as follows:

 

   May 31,   November 30, 
Accounts and other payables to related party  2023   2022 
Nagata Co., Ltd.  Consulting service provided by related party  $36,029,225   $25,841,648 

 

Loanfrom a related party, which was included in bank and other borrowings in the unaudited consolidated financial statements, as of May 31,2023 and November 30, 2022, is as follows:

 

   May 31,   November 30, 
Loan from related party  2023   2022 
Nagata Co., Ltd.  Loan payable  $3,577   $3,589 

 

Otherincome generated from a related party for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

 

   For the Six Months Ended 
   May 31, 
Other income from related party  2023   2022 
Nagata Co., Ltd.  Other income  $17,628   $- 

 

F-40

 

 

Selling,general and administrative expenses incurred with a related party for the six months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022 areas follows:

 

   For the Six Months Ended 
   May 31, 
Expenses with related party  2023   2022 
Nagata Co., Ltd.  Consulting fee  $15,869,285   $14,995,387 

 

NagataCo., Ltd. was engaged by the Company for consulting services, such as providing real estate industrial operating strategies, in exchangefor commission-based compensation.

 

Alsosee Note 5, 6, 7, 8 and 13 for more transactions with related parties.

 

NOTE12 – COMMITMENT AND CONTINGENCIES

 

PurchaseCommitment

 

Asof May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, the amount of contractual commitments for the acquisition of real estate properties was $200,112,182and $319,010,599, respectively.

 

Guarantees

 

Asof May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, the Company guaranteed the debt of a customer totaling approximately US$9.02 million and US$6.75million, consisting of four and four separate guarantees, respectively. As of May31, 2023 and November 30, 2022, the Company did not record a liability in the consolidated balancesheets for these guarantees because it was not probable that the Company would be required to make payments under these guarantees.

 

Contingencies

 

TheCompany is involved in legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, none of such proceedingsand claims will have a significant impact on the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

NOTE13 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

TheCompany evaluated subsequent events through September 26, 2023, which is the date the unaudited consolidated financial statements areissued, and concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition or disclosure in the unaudited consolidatedfinancial statements other than as disclosed below.

 

Duringthe subsequent period, the Company entered into various loans, in a total principal amount of JPY5,652 million (approximately US$40.43million), with banks and financial institutions for working capital purpose and for the purpose of purchasing real estate properties.

 

F-41

 

 

OnJune 23, 2023, the Company and HeartCore entered into the 1st stock acquisition rights allotment agreement pursuant to whichthe Company allotted 735,000 stock acquisition rights to HeartCore in substitution for the Warrants originally issued on October 26,2022. The Warrants were also terminated upon the issuance of the stock acquisition rights. The key terms remained unchanged, except forthe stock acquisition right is exercisable during the period from July 1, 2023 to June 30, 2033 and under the condition that the IPOis completed.

 

OnJune 23, 2023, the Company, the CFO and an employee of the Company entered into the 2nd stock acquisition rightsallotment agreement pursuant to which the Company allotted 900,000 stock acquisition rights to the CFO and 80,000 stock acquisition rightsto the employee in substitution for the common share purchase warrants originally issued on November 1, 2022, which were terminatedupon issuance of the stock acquisition rights. The key terms remained unchanged, except for (a) the per-share exercise price was changedfrom US$0.01 to JPY241 (US$1.73), and (b) the stock acquisition right is exercisable during the period from September 1, 2023 to June23, 2033, and under the conditions that the IPO is completed and that the board of directors approves right holders have made sufficientcontributions to the business.

 

OnJune 23, 2023, the Company entered into the 3rd stock acquisition rights allotment agreement pursuant to which the Companyallotted 6,100,000 stock acquisition rights to its director and employees for an exercise price per share of JPY241 (US$1.73), amongwhich 60,200 stock acquisition rights were allotted to the Company’s director and 100,300 stock acquisition rights were allottedto former directors. The stock acquisition rights are exercisable during the period from June 24, 2025 to June 23, 2033 and under theconditions that (a) the IPO is completed, (b) the audited consolidated revenues under US GAAP for the year ended November 30,2023 or after exceeding JPY85 billion (approximately US$610.15 million) per fiscal year, and (c) the total exercise payment madeby the right holders is not more than JPY12 million (approximately US$86.14 thousand) per calendar year.

 

OnJune 23, 2023, the Company entered into the 4th stock acquisition rights allotment agreement pursuant to which the Companyallotted 1,200,000 stock acquisition rights to its business partners for an exercise price per share of JPY241 (US$1.73), among which200,000 stock acquisition rights were allotted to Nagata Co., Ltd., a related party. The stock acquisition rights are exercisable duringthe period from September 1, 2023 to June 23, 2033 and under the conditions that the IPO is completed and that the audited consolidatedrevenues under US GAAP for the year ended November 30, 2023 or after exceeding JPY85 billion (approximately US$610.15 million)per fiscal year.

 

F-42

 

 

_______ Common Shares

 

 

MetrosDevelopment Co., Ltd.

 

PROSPECTUS

 

 

,2023

 

Throughand including , 2023 (the 25th day after the date of this offering), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities,whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to a dealer’s obligationto deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.

 

 
 

 

PARTII

 

INFORMATIONNOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

 

Item6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

 

Article330 of the Companies Act of Japan (which we refer to as the “Companies Act”) makes the provisions of Part III, Chapter 2,Section 10 of the Civil Code of Japan applicable to the relationship between us and our directors and corporate auditors. Section 10of the Civil Code, among other things, provides in effect that:

 

  1. Any director or corporate auditor of a company may demand advance payment of expenses considered necessary for the management of the affairs of such company entrusted to the director or corporate auditor;
     
  2. If a director or a corporate auditor of a company has defrayed any expenses considered necessary for the management of the affairs of such company entrusted to the director or corporate auditor, the director or corporate auditor may demand reimbursement therefor and interest thereon after the date of payment from such company;
     
  3. If a director or a corporate auditor has assumed an obligation necessary for the management of the affairs of such company, the director or corporate auditor may require such company to perform it in the director or corporate auditor’s place or, if it is not due, to furnish adequate security; and
     
  4. If a director or a corporate auditor, without any fault on the director or corporate auditor’s part, sustains damage through the management of the affairs of such company, the director or corporate auditor may demand compensation therefor from such company.

 

Pursuantto Articles 29 and 39 of the Articles of Incorporation of the Company and pursuant to Article 427 of the Companies Act, the Company mayenter into agreements with non-executive directors and corporate auditors to limit their liability to the Company with respect to lossor damage caused by their acts stipulated in Article 423 of the Companies Act, respectively. However, the amount of such limited liabilityshall be the minimum liability limit stipulated by laws and regulations. Currently, there is no “non-executive director”under the Companies Act. Yoshihiro Koshiba (Chief Executive Officer of Metros Development Co., Ltd.), and Hirokazu Tsukahara (Chief FinancialOfficer of Metros Development Co., Ltd.) are “executive” directors, Hiroshi Tamura is director under the Companies Act.

 

Inaddition, our articles of incorporation include limitation of liability provisions, pursuant to which we can exempt, by resolution ofour board of directors, our independent directors and corporate auditors from liabilities arising in connection with any failure to executetheir respective duties in good faith or due to simple negligence (excluding gross negligence and willful misconduct), within the limitsstipulated by applicable laws and regulations including Article 426, Paragraph 1 of the Companies Act.

 

Wemaintain, at our expense, a directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy for each of our directors and corporate auditors.The policy insures each of our directors and corporate auditors against certain liabilities that they may incur in their capacity asa director or corporate auditor.

 

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Item7. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

 

HistoricalCommon Equity Transactions

 

SinceJanuary 1, 2019, the Company engaged in the following unregistered stock issuances:

 

On June 23, 2023, the Company allotted 735,000 stock acquisition rights to HeartCore in exchange for services rendered as a consultant in connection with the proposed initial public offering of the Company under grants authorized by our shareholders and directors in substitution for the New Warrant executed as of October 26, 2022 between the Company and HeartCore. The stock acquisition right is exercisable from July 1, 2023 to June 30, 2033 upon the condition that the IPO has been completed. The stock acquisition right has an exercise price of ¥1($0.01) per common share.
   
On November 1, 2022, the Company allotted 980,000 warrants to Hirokazu Tsukahara in exchange for services related to this offering. This warrant was terminated upon the issuance of the stock acquisition rights to Hirokazu Tsukahara and Eiko Hanyu as of June 23, 2023. The Company allotted 900,000 stock acquisition rights to Hirokazu Tsukahara and 80,000 stock acquisition rights to Eiko Hanyu. The stock acquisition right is exercisable from September 1, 2023 to June 23, 2033 upon the conditions that the IPO has been completed and that the board of directors approves right holders have made sufficient contributions to the business with an exercise price of ¥241($1.73) per common share.
   
On June 23, 2023, the Company allotted 6,100,000 stock acquisition rights to one director and employees. The stock acquisition rights have all of the following vesting and exercise conditions with an exercise price of ¥241($1.73) per common share:

 

  a. After the completion of IPO;
  b. From June 24, 2025 to June 23, 2033; and
  c. Consolidated revenues for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 or after exceeding ¥85 billion ($610.15 million) after the audit on the functional currency basis before the translation into the reporting currency basis in accordance with the US GAAP; and
  d. The total exercise payment made by the right holders is not more than ¥12 million ($86.14 thousand) during each calendar year.

 

On June 23, 2023, the Company allotted 1,200,000 stock acquisition rights to its business partners. The stock acquisition rights have all of the following vesting and exercise conditions with an exercise price of ¥241($1.73) per common share:

 

  a. After the completion of IPO;
  b. From September 1, 2023 to June 23, 2033; and
  c. Consolidated revenues for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 or after exceeding ¥85 billion ($610.15 million) after the audit on the functional currency basis before the translation into the reporting currency basis in accordance with the US GAAP.

 

Webelieve that each of the following issuances was exempt from registration under the Securities Act pursuant to Regulation S under theSecurities Act regarding sales by an issuer in offshore transactions. No underwriters were involved in these issuances of securities.

 

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Item8. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 

(a)The following documents are filed as part of this registration statement:

 

Exhibit

Number

  Description
1.1**   Form of Underwriting Agreement
     
3.1*   Articles of Incorporation of Metros Development Co., Ltd.
     
4.3**   Form of the Representative’s Warrant (Included in Exhibit 1.1)
     
5.1*   Opinion of City-Yuwa Partners regarding the validity of common shares being registered
     
5.2*   Opinion of Anthony L.G., PLLC regarding the validity of Representative’s Warrants being registered
     
10.1*   Consulting and Services Agreement, dated as of October 20, 2022, between Metros Development Co., Ltd. and HeartCore Enterprises, Inc.
     
10.2*   Amendment No. 1 to Consulting and Services Agreement, dated as of October 26, 2022, between Metros Development Co., Ltd. and HeartCore Enterprises, Inc.
     
10.3*   Amendment No. 2 to Consulting and Services Agreement, dated as of June 23, 2023, between Metros Development Co., Ltd. and HeartCore Enterprises, Inc.
     
10.4*   1st Stock Acquisition Rights Allotment Agreement, dated June 23, 2023, between Metros Development Co., Ltd. and HeartCore Enterprises, Inc.
     
10.5*   2nd Stock Acquisition Rights Allotment Agreement, dated June 23, 2022, between Metros Development Co., Ltd. and Hirokazu Tsukahara
     
10.6*   2nd Stock Acquisition Rights Allotment Agreement, dated June 23, 2022, between Metros Development Co., Ltd. and Eiko Hanyu
     
10.7*   3rd Stock Acquisition Rights Allotment Agreement dated June 23, 2023, between Metros Development Co., Ltd. and its director and employees.
     
10.8*   4th Stock Acquisition Rights Allotment Agreement dated June 23, 2023, between Metros Development Co., Ltd. and its business partners.
     
21.1*   List of Subsidiaries of the Metros Development Co., Ltd.
     
23.1*   Consent of MaloneBailey, LLP
     
23.2*   Consent of City-Yuwa Partners (included in Exhibit 5.1)
     
23.3*   Consent of Anthony L.G., PLLC (included in Exhibit 5.2)
     
24.1*   Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of this registration statement)
     
107*   Filing Fee Table

 

* Filed herewith.
** To be filed upon amendment
Includes management contracts and compensation plans and arrangements

 

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Item9. Undertakings.

 

  (a) The undersigned registrant (which we refer to as the “Registrant”) hereby undertakes:

 

  (1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

 

  (i) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
     
  (ii)

To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the U.S.

 

Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

     
  (iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.

 

  (2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
     
  (3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
     
  (4) To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A of Form 20-F at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act need not be furnished, provided that the Registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements.
     
  (5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:
     
    The Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

 

  (i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act;
     
  (ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the Registrant or used or referred to by the Registrant;
     
  (iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the Registrant; and
     
  (iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the Registrant to the purchaser.

 

  (b) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
     
  (c) The Registrant hereby undertakes:

 

  (1) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A under the Securities Act and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
     
  (2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuantto the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets allof the requirements for filing on Form F-1 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,thereunto duly authorized in the City of Tokyo, Japan on September 26, 2023.

 

  Metros Development Co., Ltd.
     
  By: /s/ Yoshihiro Koshiba
    Yoshihiro Koshiba
    Chief Executive Officer

 

POWEROF ATTORNEY

 

KNOWALL BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Yoshihiro Koshiba as his true andlawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with the full power of substitution, for him and in his name, place or stead, in any and all capacities,to sign any and all amendments to this registration statement (including post-effective amendments), and to sign any registration statementfor the same offering covered by this registration statement that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462 promulgated underthe Securities Act, and all post-effective amendments thereto, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connectiontherewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to doand perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposesas he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agents or his substitute or substitutes,may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Pursuantto the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacitiesand on the dates indicated.

 

/s/ Yoshihiro Koshiba   Chief Executive Officer and Director   September 26, 2023
Yoshihiro Koshiba   (Principal Executive Officer)    
         
/s/ Hirokazu Tsukahara   Chief Financial Officer and Director   September 26, 2023
Hirokazu Tsukahara   (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)    
         
/s/ Hiroshi Tamura   Secretary and Director   September 26, 2023
Hiroshi Tamura        

 

SIGNATUREOF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED STATES

 

Pursuantto the Securities Act of 1933 as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of America of MetrosDevelopment Co., Ltd., has signed this registration statement on September 26, 2023.

 

COGENCYGLOBAL INC.

 

By: /s/ Colleen A. De Vries  
Name: Colleen A. De Vries  
Title: Sr. Vice President on behalf of Cogency Global Inc.  

 

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